Test 1

Question 1

Natural selection

Answer 1

Process in which individuals that have certain inherited trait tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than do other individuals because of those traits

Question 2

Artificial selection

Answer 2

Humans have mimicked the process of natural selection for thousands of years by breeding plants and animals to develop desired characteristics

Question 3

Divergent evolution

Answer 3

Closely related species that have similarities because of common ancestry, example wolf to fox and domestic dogs

Question 4

Convergent evolution

Answer 4

Similarities are seen among organisms in species not closely related due to similar selective pressure and adaptations not direct ancestry, example birds, butterflies, bats have no common winged ancestors

Question 5

Fossil record

Answer 5

Dated by association with geologic strata

Question 6

Continental drift

Answer 6

Plate tectonics

Question 7

Phylogeny

Answer 7

Study of evolutionary relationship of species or groups of species

Question 8

Systematics

Answer 8

Method of classifying organisms an determining their evolutionary relationships

Question 9

Taxonomist

Answer 9

Scientists who classify organisms and designs taxonomist systems

Question 10

Hierarchy

Answer 10

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus , species

Question 11

Genus

Answer 11

May contain more than one species

Question 12

Family

Answer 12

Contains similar species in different genera

Question 13

Order

Answer 13

Includes related familes

Question 14

Class

Answer 14

Many orders

Question 15

Phylum

Answer 15

Many classes

Question 16

Kingdom

Answer 16

May phyla

Question 17

Domain

Answer 17

Archae, bacteria , eukarya

Question 18

Sister taxa

Answer 18

Groups that share an immediate ancestor nor shared with any other group

Question 19

Basal taxon

Answer 19

Group found at the base of a tree that diverged from all other early in thier evolutionary history

Question 20

Cladistics

Answer 20

System using common ancestry to classify organisms

Question 21

Shared ancestral characteristic

Answer 21

Originated in an ancestor and is shared by all members of the clade

Question 22

Shared derived characteristic

Answer 22

novelty unique
to a certain clade (synapomorphy.) Only mammals have hair.

Question 23

Monophyletic

Answer 23

contains the ancestral
species and all of its descendants.

Question 24

Polyphyletic

Answer 24

when it contains many
distantly related species, but not the most recent common ancesto

Question 25

Paraphyletic

Answer 25

contains the
ancestral species and some, but not all, descendants

Question 26

PARSIMONY

Answer 26

tree which is the simplest, with the least evolutionary
events, is the most parsimonious.

Question 27

LIKELIHOOD

Answer 27

a concept testing trees against the expected change of
DNA sequences over time

Question 28

Protists

Answer 28

Group of diverse unicelllar eukaryotes

Question 29

Linnaean system of.2 kingdoms

Answer 29

Animal and plants

Question 30

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 30

Nucleus, linear chromosomes, ribosomes, mitochondria, cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies,

Question 31

Cyanobacterium

Answer 31

2 layered membrane

Question 32

Four supergroups of eukarya

Answer 32

Excavates, SAR, archaeplastids, unikonts

Question 33

Excavata

Answer 33

Modified mitochondria and unique flagella , diplomonads, parabasaids, euglenozoans

Question 34

Diplomonads

Answer 34

Reduced mitochondria and anaerobic, 2 equal nuclei and many flagella, giardia intestinalis

Question 35

Parabasalids

Answer 35

Reduced mitochondria, some energy anaerobicallyy , trichonympha

Question 36

Euglenozoans

Answer 36

Rd within the flagella , 2 subclasses, kinetoplastds and euglenids

Question 37

Kinetoplastids

Answer 37

Single large mitochondria contains mass of DNA called kinetoplast trypanosoma is an example (sleeping sickness)