Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CHE 105 Chemistry > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

Chapters 1-4

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

matter

A

anything that has mass and takes up volume (light and heat are not matter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

composition

A

what something is made of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

structure

A

what something is made of and how the components are arranged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

molecules

A

groups of atoms that bind tightly together and behave as a single unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pure substances

A

elements and compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

atom

A

the fundamental unit of matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

element

A

made of only one type of atom (ex. Gold)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

compounds

A

composed of more than one element, bound in fixed ratios

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mixtures

A

contain more than one substance, not bound in a fixed ratio (ex. Bronze = copper and tin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

homogeneous mixtures

A

components mix evenly (ex. air)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

heterogeneous mixtures

A

components do not mix evenly (ex. sand separates from water, cookie dough)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

solid

A

definite shape, definite volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

liquid

A

definite volume, but no definite shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

gas

A

no definite shape or volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

as the temperature increases…

A

solids melt into a liquid and liquids vaporize into gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the behavior of any substance is determined by

A

the arrangement of the particles that compose the substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

physical properties

A

can be measured without changing the identity of the substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

physical changes

A

don’t change the identity of the substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

chemical properties

A

can NOT be measured without changing the identity of the substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

when elements combine to form compounds, what type of change occurs?

A

chemical change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

energy

A

the ability to do work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

potential energy

A

stored energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy in motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

heat energy

A

involves the kinetic energy of the particles in a substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

exothermic change

A

releases heat energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

endothermic change

A

absorbs heat energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

scientific method

A

make an observation, formulate new ideas, test ideas with experiments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

hypothesis

A

a tentative explanation that has not been tested

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

theory

A

an idea supported by experimental evidence, or a paradigm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

scientific law

A

a statement that describes observations that are true in widely varying circumstances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

theories

A

how or why it happens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

laws

A

what happens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

scientific notation multiplication

A

multiply coefficients, add exponents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

scientific notation division

A

divide coefficients, subtract exponents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

mega

A

(10^6) 1,000,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

kilo

A

(10^3) 1,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

deci

A

(10^-1) 1/10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

centi

A

(10^-2) 1/100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

milli

A

(10^-3) 1/1000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

micro

A

(10^-6) 1/1,000,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

nano

A

(10^-9) 1/1,000,000,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

SI base units

A

mass, length, time, temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

measured values

A

mass, height, volume, temperature

44
Q

exact values

A

counting, defined quantities, integers, ft/mi, q/gal

45
Q

converting

A

1) write out the two conversion factors
2) set up the problem to cancel units

46
Q

1 liter =

A

1 cubic decimeter

47
Q

1 milliliter =

A

1 cubic centimeter

48
Q

10 decimeters =

A

1 meter

49
Q

Kelvin scale

A

boiling point = 373K
freezing point = 273K
absolute zero = 0K

50
Q

converting to Kelvin

A

degrees celsius + 273.15

51
Q

density

A

mass / volume

52
Q

accuracy

A

how reliable the measurements are

53
Q

precision

A

how finely the measurements are and how closely they are grouped together

54
Q

significant figures addition and subtraction

A

round to the last decimal place of the least precise starting measurement

55
Q

significant figures multiplying and dividing

A

same number of digits that are in the least precise measurement

56
Q

significant values

A

nonzeros, zeros between nonzeros, zeros after decimal point

57
Q

not significant values

A

zeros to the left of all nonzeros

58
Q

may be significant values

A

zeros to the right of nonzeros with no decimal

59
Q

10 centimeters =

A

1 decimeter

60
Q

Antoine Lavoisier

A

in chemical reactions, matter is neither created or destroyed (law of conservation of mass)

61
Q

Dalton’s Theory

A
  • elements are comprised of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms
  • atoms of each element are unique
  • atoms join together in whole number ratios to form compounds
  • atoms are unchanged in chemical reactions
62
Q

three foundational ideas

A

1) all matter is composed of elements
2) the atoms of each element have unique characteristics and properties
3) in chemical reaction, atoms are not changed, but combine in the whole number ratios to form compounds

63
Q

down in periodic table

A

similar reaction and chemical characteristics

64
Q

across in periodic table

A

similar in reactivity (right does not like to react)

65
Q

main group elements

A

columns 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18

66
Q

transition elements / metals

A

columns 3-12

67
Q

inner transition elements

A

bottom 2 periods

68
Q

pure metals

A

columns 1-2

69
Q

nonmetals

A

upper right side (plus H)

70
Q

metalloids

A

stairstep between metals and nonmetals

71
Q

group 1A = alkali metals

A

column 1; very reactive, soft metals, reacts violently with water

72
Q

group 2A = alkaline earth metals

A

column 2; less reactive than 1A, burns brightly

73
Q

group 7A = halogens

A

column 17; diatomic molecules in elemental form and form many different compounds

74
Q

group 8A = noble gases

A

column 18; non-reactive, extremely stable, generally don’t form compounds

75
Q

subatomic particles

A

particles that make up matter

76
Q

who discovered the electron?

A

JJ Thompson

77
Q

Ernest Rutherford conclusion

A

the atom is mostly empty space with a dense nucleus at the center

78
Q

hydrogen protons

A

1

79
Q

helium protons

A

2

80
Q

lithium protons

A

3

81
Q

beryllium protons

A

4

82
Q

proton charge

A

+1

83
Q

neutron charge

A

no charge

84
Q

electron charge

A

-1

85
Q

atomic number

A

the number of protons in an atom, also the number of electrons in a neutral atom

86
Q

mass number

A

protons + neutrons

87
Q

isotopes

A

have the same atomic number but a different mass

88
Q

writing atomic symbols

A

top: mass number (p+n)
bottom: atomic number (# of protons)

89
Q

average atomic mass

A

a weighted average of the different isotopes of an element

90
Q

average value

A

(value A x fraction A) + (value B x fraction B)
*the fraction is the decimal form of the percentage

91
Q

number of neutrons

A

mass number - atomic number

92
Q

percent abundance

A

use the # of atoms of that isotope and the total # of atoms

93
Q

net charge

A

protons - electrons

94
Q

what is light

A

electromagnetic radiation

95
Q

wavelength

A

the length of one wave

96
Q

frequency

A

the number of waves per second

97
Q

wavelength and frequency are ____ related

A

inversely

98
Q

c = ?
(speed of light = ?)

A

wavelength x frequency

99
Q

the energy of light depends on its…

A

frequency and wavelength

100
Q

longer = ?

A

lower

101
Q

shorter = ?

A

higher

102
Q

energy equation

A

E = hv

103
Q

E (energy equation) = ?

A

Planck’s constant x frequency

104
Q

E = ?

A

Planck’s constant x speed of light / wavelength

105
Q

V = ?

A

speed of light / wavelength

106
Q

light is described by its

A

frequency, wavelength, and energy

CHE 105 Chemistry (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions