Test 1

Question 1

___ can be people, places, events, etc.

Answer 1

Individuals

Question 2

___ are characteristics of an ___ and can be ___ or ___

Answer 2

Variables; Individual; Numerical; Nonnumerical

Question 3

A ___ is a specific value of a ___

Answer 3

Response; Variable

Question 4

The entire group of individuals is the ___

Answer 4

Population

Question 5

A survey of the entire ___ is a ___

Answer 5

Population; Census

Question 6

A ___ is a subset of individuals

Answer 6

Sample

Question 7

A study of a sample is a ___

Answer 7

Sample Survey

Question 8

A study of a very small sample is a ___

Answer 8

Case Study

Question 9

An ___ study is passive

Answer 9

Observational Study

Question 10

A statistical study ___ is an active study

Answer 10

Experiment

Question 11

___ is an inherent tendency to ___- or ___-select certain types of ___ (___ bias) and/or to ___ the response values associated with these ___ in a manner that is systematically flawed (___ bias)

Answer 11

Sampling; Over; Under; Individuals; Sampling; Measure; Individuals; Measurement

Question 12

Conducting a survey in a public place like a mall

Answer 12

Favoritism

Question 13

Conducting a survey on views on abortion in a JBU classroom (This is a special kind of favoritism where ‘favoritism’ is basically just another word for ‘bias’)

Answer 13

Convenience Sampling

Question 14

Conducting a call-in survey on the radio

Answer 14

Voluntary Response Sampling

Question 15

A sample is said to be a ___if all the individuals in a given population are equally likely to be selected for it; ___ by definition (and ideally), are ___

Answer 15

Simple Random Sample (SRS); Simple Random Samples; Unbiased

Question 16

A parameter is a number that describes a ___

Answer 16

Population

Question 17

A statistic is a number that describes a ___

Answer 17

Sample

Question 18

Eliminated by simple random sampling

Answer 18

Bias

Question 19

Reduced by increasing the sample size or increasing the number of samples

Answer 19

Variability

Question 20

A ___ changes in dependence on the ___

Answer 20

Response Variable; Explanatory Variable

Question 21

A cause-and-effect study is commonly a ___ study

Question 22

___ studies can be invalidated by ___ that are___ with the explanatory variable

Answer 22

Comparative; Lurking Variables; Confounded

Question 23

Comparative studies can be ___ or purely ___

Answer 23

Experimental; Observational

Question 24

Use ___ to control the influence of lurking variables

Answer 24

Matching Groups

Question 25

Subgroups

Answer 25

Strata

Question 26

Use ___ to take into account the influence of lurking variables

Answer 26

Statistical Adjustments

Question 27

___ Errors: caused by bad___, deliberate ___, mis___, and non___

Answer 27

Response; memory of individuals; lying; misunderstandings; non-response

Question 28

___ Errors: caused by poor ___

Answer 28

Processing; record-keeping

Question 29

___ Problems: caused by poorly ___

Answer 29

Wording; poorly phrased questions

Question 30

___ in SRS: caused by ___; estimated by error formula (for population ___ of large populations); reduced by increasing the ___ or the ___

Answer 30

Variability; chance; proportions; sample size; number of samples

Question 31

___: caused by ___, ___ response, or ___ sampling; eliminated by ___

Answer 31

Bias; favoritism; voluntary; convenience; simple random sampling