Test 1 Flashcards
What is Material Culture?
previously the culture of archaeologists, ex museum exhibits, anything that is not paper, how it helps explain culture of something
Top Down” & “Bottom Up”:
Top Down: start with big notable things first
Bottom Up: need sources to tell the history, everyday ppl/recurrences
Primary Sources
things that were there at the time they were studied, (ex. autobiography)
Secondary sources:
use primary sources, did not experience themselves, historian writing about an event
Agency:
agent in the making of history, i.e, the power we have to affect the course of history (“we are all agents in th making of history”)
Historiography:
the way the story changes, ex. WWII what was the history told, literally the writing of history
Monograph:
a detailed written study on a specialized topic
What did historians used to say about Natives that was untrue?
That before settlement of America, the only inhabitants of the country were “barbarians” (i.e, George Bancroft and American History, a survey)
Paleolithic Peoples
Hunters/gatherers, low carbs= low population, had specialized tools like Fishing Nets, Hooks, Harpoons, Spears and Atlatl (throwing spear)
Neolithic Peoples
Neo=New, Maize=carbs=population growth, settlement patternsm more advanced than paleolithic
What was the first Human Settlement in North America?
Buttermilk Creek
What allowed European exploration?
Caravel (faster ship) , Printing press (faster info spread) , Maritime Insurance and double entry bookkeeping (Accounting), exploration becomes a busines enterprise
Columbus: (where was he going and why is he still important?)
-Going west to go to the Far East,
- hes still important because he’s a transitional figure who gave rise to a new kind of reaction from europeans to the possibility of current engagement with the north americas.
- Also destoryed Native Lives, was a slaughterer
Who followed Columbus’s lead? (who slaughtered who)
Cortez & Aztecs
Pizaro & Incas
Later, English & Powhatans of Virginia
What caused an elite to be formed?
Conquistadors
Colombian exchange
Items moved from old to new world and vice versa via exploration and the bringing back of items over voyages. Important to remember that exotic foods and spices wee brought back, as well as slaves and gold. Syphillus was brought to the new world from the old.
Mutual Transformation:
Americas:
**Population loss
New Technologies (guns, metal tools, etc.)
Strengthened govs to deal with europeans
Escalation of warfare between tribes
Europeans
enriched - measure of wealth changed from land to gold/silver
**Race- creation of a “white” european identity
**Religion - gave rise to the Reformation (questioning Catholic Church)
