Test 1

Question 1

The endocrine gland that is sometimes called the “master gland”.

Answer 1

pituitary gland

Question 2

The tissue surrounding a tooth that holds it in place and protects its roots from decay.

Answer 2

gingiva

Question 2

What is the hardest substance in the body?

Answer 2

enamel

Question 3

What is the body’s largest internal organ?

Answer 3

liver

Question 4

What should the body’s main source of energy come from?

Answer 4

carbohydrates

Question 5

Long chains of building blocks from which proteins are made.

Answer 5

amino acids

Question 6

What is the general term for fatlike substances that are typically insoluble in water?

Answer 6

lipid

Question 7

Substances that neutralize harmful molecules called free radicals.

Answer 7

antioxidants

Question 8

The structure that forms between the mother and unborn baby and does the work of several organs.

Answer 8

placenta

Question 9

What is the name for a developing child that is recognizable as a miniature baby from the second month until birth?

Answer 9

fetus

Question 10

What is the “emergency action” hormone which prepares the body for stressful situations when strength and endurance are required?

Answer 10

adrenaline

Question 11

What is the visible part of a tooth?

Answer 11

crown

Question 12

What is the movement of water, digested food, and other dissolved substances into the bloodstream?

Answer 12

absorption

Question 13

Two vitamins that function as antioxidants are vitamin C and ________.

Answer 13

Vitamin E

Question 14

What is the common unit for measuring the energy value of foods?

Answer 14

kilocalorie

Question 15

A doctor who provides primary care for infants and children.

Answer 15

pediatrician

Question 16

A doctor who treats diseases and disorders of the digestive system.

Answer 16

gastroenterologist

Question 17

A doctor who treats diseases of the teeth and gums.

Answer 17

dentist

Question 18

refers to the stomach

Answer 18

gastro-

Question 19

means “science” or “study”

Answer 19

-logy

Question 20

means “tooth”

Answer 20

dent, dont

Question 21

refers to sugar or carbohydrate

Answer 21

-ose

Question 22

means “large”

Answer 22

macro-

Question 23

refers to the intestines

Answer 23

entero-

Question 24

means “surrounding or enclosing”

Answer 24

peri-

Question 25

means “fat or fatty”

Answer 25

lip-, lipo-

Question 26

means “in, inside, or within”

Answer 26

en-, end-, endo-

Question 27

refers to the liver

Answer 27

hepat-, hepato-

Question 28

What is the transitional change from childhood into adulthood?

Answer 28

adolescence

Question 29

What is the physical and chemical breakdown of complex nutrients into simpler, water-soluble substances the body can use?

Answer 29

digestion

Question 30

Besides proteins and fats, what else provides the most of the body’s nutritional needs?

Answer 30

carbohydrates

Question 31

What is the physical and chemical processes by which the body “burns” food and generates energy?

Answer 31

metabolism

Question 32

What is the proportion of nutrients compared to the number of calories the food contains?

Answer 32

nutrient density

Question 33

stimulates growth

Answer 33

pituitary

Question 34

regulates metabolism

Answer 34

thyroid

Question 35

regulates blood sugar

Answer 35

islets of Langerhans

Question 36

regulates sleep

Answer 36

pineal

Question 37

regulates blood calcium

Answer 37

parathyroid