Test 1 Flashcards
The endocrine gland that is sometimes called the “master gland”.
pituitary gland
The tissue surrounding a tooth that holds it in place and protects its roots from decay.
gingiva
What is the hardest substance in the body?
enamel
What is the body’s largest internal organ?
liver
What should the body’s main source of energy come from?
carbohydrates
Long chains of building blocks from which proteins are made.
amino acids
What is the general term for fatlike substances that are typically insoluble in water?
lipid
Substances that neutralize harmful molecules called free radicals.
antioxidants
The structure that forms between the mother and unborn baby and does the work of several organs.
placenta
What is the name for a developing child that is recognizable as a miniature baby from the second month until birth?
fetus
What is the “emergency action” hormone which prepares the body for stressful situations when strength and endurance are required?
adrenaline
What is the visible part of a tooth?
crown
What is the movement of water, digested food, and other dissolved substances into the bloodstream?
absorption
Two vitamins that function as antioxidants are vitamin C and ________.
Vitamin E
What is the common unit for measuring the energy value of foods?
kilocalorie
A doctor who provides primary care for infants and children.
pediatrician
A doctor who treats diseases and disorders of the digestive system.
gastroenterologist
A doctor who treats diseases of the teeth and gums.
dentist
refers to the stomach
gastro-
means “science” or “study”
-logy
means “tooth”
dent, dont
refers to sugar or carbohydrate
-ose
means “large”
macro-
refers to the intestines
entero-
means “surrounding or enclosing”
peri-
means “fat or fatty”
lip-, lipo-
means “in, inside, or within”
en-, end-, endo-
refers to the liver
hepat-, hepato-
What is the transitional change from childhood into adulthood?
adolescence
What is the physical and chemical breakdown of complex nutrients into simpler, water-soluble substances the body can use?
digestion
Besides proteins and fats, what else provides the most of the body’s nutritional needs?
carbohydrates
What is the physical and chemical processes by which the body “burns” food and generates energy?
metabolism
What is the proportion of nutrients compared to the number of calories the food contains?
nutrient density
stimulates growth
pituitary
regulates metabolism
thyroid
regulates blood sugar
islets of Langerhans
regulates sleep
pineal
regulates blood calcium
parathyroid
