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Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

1st stage of the inflammation process is initiated by what?

A

Cellular & vascular destruction

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2
Q

Signs of the 1st stage of inflammation?

A

Pain (dolor)
Heat (calor)
Redness (rubor)
Swelling (edema)

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3
Q

Causes of the 1st stage of inflammation?

A

Trauma (M/C), Infectious, Chemical

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4
Q

2nd stage of inflammation process is called?

A

Consolidation

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5
Q

In this stage of inflammation, the tissue is now drying out and beginning to harden

A

2nd stage

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6
Q

Characteristics of 2nd stage of inflammation?

A

Swelling has terminated, Pain has decreased, Redness & heat are not evident

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7
Q

3rd stage of inflammation is the ______ stage?

A

Repair

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8
Q

What type of pattern is tissue laid in any direction?

A

Cross Matrix pattern

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9
Q

Cross matrix pattern can lead to what?

A

adhesions

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10
Q

Proper repair in the 3rd stage of inflammation necessitates what?

A

Passive, active, & resistive rehab exercise

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11
Q

4th stage of inflammation is known as?

A

Resolution

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12
Q

2 mode of onset modifier terms?

A

Traumatic & Insidious

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13
Q

Onset that results from tissue being taken beyond it’s normal limits?

A

Traumatic

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14
Q

Damage to muscle tissue?

A

Strain

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15
Q

Damage to ligament tissue?

A

Sprain

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16
Q

Grade I Strain/Sprain histological definition?

A

0-50% tearing of tissue

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17
Q

Grade II Strain/Sprain histological definition?

A

50-100% tearing of tissue

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18
Q

Grade III Strain/Sprain histological definition?

A

> 100% tearing of tissue

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19
Q

Grade I Strain/Sprain functional definition?

A

Mild to moderate symptoms with no dysfunction, recovers in 2-4 weeks w/ no intervention

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20
Q

Grade II Strain/Sprain functional definition?

A

Moderate to severe symptoms w/ physical & lifestyle impairments, recovery 6 weeks to 18 months w/ health care interventions

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21
Q

Grade III Strain/Sprain functional definition?

A

Severe symptoms w/ complete loss of function

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22
Q

Mode of onset that has a slow onset of symptoms which are progressive over time

A

Insidious

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23
Q

This is the term that is used to describe the patient’s tissue causing their main complaint

A

Primary diagnostic term

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24
Q

These are diagnostic terms that are conditions (symptoms) which accompany the primary diagnosis, but are not actual symptoms of the patient’s chief complaint

A

Associated modifier terms

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25
Q

These are diagnostic terms that complicated the patient’s condition

A

Complicating modifier terms

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26
Q

Complicating conditions include?

A

Degenerative pathologies, systemic disease, congenital abnormalities, structural abnormalities

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27
Q

A short phrase which indicates patient lifestyles tha causes the patient’s symptoms to worsen when they perform those duties

A

Aggravating modifier terms

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28
Q

Dura Mater is affected by?

A

Recurrent meningeal nerve, Innervated sinuvertebral nerve, & nerve of Von Luska

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29
Q

Local symptom lateral to the spine & when severe enough can radiate along the course of the peripheral nerve indicates problem with?

A

Nerve root

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30
Q

Irritation of this type of nerve compresses blood vessels, causes numbness (paresthesia) & pain

A

Peripheral nerve

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31
Q

This structures is innervated by recurrent meningeal nerve and its symptoms are local to the spine

A

IVD

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32
Q

Facets & diarthrodial joints have symptoms from?

A

Ligaments from stretching, Cartilage (joint surface) from compression, & the synovium

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33
Q

This structure is indicated if its under pressure, pressure can be elevated by compression forces, & increased intra-thoracic & abdominal pressure result in increased symptoms

A

IVD

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34
Q

What part of diarthrodial joint is indicated if symptoms are increased w/ compression forces?

A

Joint surface

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35
Q

What part of diarthrodial joint is indicated if symptoms are increased w/ stretching forces?

A

Joint capsule (ligaments)

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36
Q

Spinal exam reveals mostly extensor muscle involvement when stresses are from?

A

Stretching forces & resistive forces

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37
Q

This type of tissue can produce local, deep, symptoms, deformity, & dysfunction

A

Bone (pathology)

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38
Q

Decreased, less than

A

Hypo-

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39
Q

Increased, more than

A

Hyper-

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40
Q

Anterior translation

A

Antero-

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41
Q

Posterior translation

A

Retro-

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42
Q

Right

A

Dextro-

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43
Q

Left

A

Levo-

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44
Q

Pain

A

-algia

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45
Q

Inflammation of the inflammatory process

A

-itis

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46
Q

Condition of the root word, generally means pathology

A

-opathy

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47
Q

Condition of the root word, generally describes degenerative changes

A

-osis

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48
Q

Separation, break, tear

A

-lysis

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49
Q

Spinal cord fibrils, covering of the cord

A

Myelo-, Meninges

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50
Q

Spinal cord fibrils pathology

A

Myelopathy

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51
Q

Inflammation of the covering of the spinal cord, caused by infectious & chemical processes

A

Meningitis

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52
Q

Nerve root, describes the nerve root found in the spinal canal & IVF

A

Radical

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53
Q

Describes nerve root (adjective)

A

Radicular

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54
Q

Nerve root pain. Does not radiate, no neurological findings

A

Radicualgia

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55
Q

Nerve root inflammation/irritation (hyperexcitable), can have paresthesia. May radiate along peripheral nerve, may have neurological signs that are exaggerated

A

Radiculitis

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56
Q

Nerve root pathology which is depressed nerve function, may have radiating symptoms

A

Radiculopathy

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57
Q

Peripheral nerve pain, no neurological signs

58
Q

Inflammation of peripheral nerve. May have increased neurological signs, paresthesias & pain

59
Q

Peripheral nerve pathology which has decreased function & may have depressed neurological signs

A

Neuropathy

60
Q

Condition of the spine. Refers to disc degeneration or evidence of it. Evidence seen is: end plate thickening (sclerosis, spurring, etc)

A

Spondylosis

61
Q

Separation of the pars interarticularis w/ no forward slippage of the vertebral body

A

Spondylolysis

62
Q

Anterolisthesis that may be due to a lysis (ant. slippage of body)

A

Spondylolisthesis

63
Q

Slippage/translation of the top vertebrae

64
Q

Joint surface pain

A

Arthralgia

65
Q

Joint surface inflammation

66
Q

Condition of the joint. Describes joint pathology, generally degeneration

67
Q

Joint pathology, usually refers to organic pathology

A

Arthropathy

68
Q

Inflammation of the synovium. Fluid will be overproduced

69
Q

Capsular pain

70
Q

Capsule inflammation-swelling, possible heat, redness, & painful

A

Capsulitis

71
Q

Muscle (root)

72
Q

Tendonus part of the muscle

73
Q

Muscle pain

74
Q

Muscle inflammation

75
Q

Muscle fascial inflammation

A

Myofascitis

76
Q

Inflamed tendon

A

Tendonitis

77
Q

Chronic tendon pain & adhesion

A

Tendonosis

78
Q

Tendon synovial inflammation

A

Tenosynovitis

79
Q

Increase joint movement

A

Hyperkinesia

80
Q

Decrease joint movement, can be used as the diagnostic term for joint fixation, restriction

A

Hypokinesia

81
Q

Painful joint movement (active)

A

Kinesalgia

82
Q

Blunt trauma generally to soft tissue

A

Contusions

83
Q

Skin scraping

84
Q

Cuts w/ sharp objects

A

Lacerations

85
Q

Bone damage from trauma

86
Q

Decreased primary curve

A

Hypokyphosis

87
Q

Increased primary curve

A

Hyperkyphosis

88
Q

Decreased secondary curve

A

Hypolordosis

89
Q

Increased secondary curve

A

Hyperlordosis

90
Q

Abnormal lateral curve of the spine

91
Q

End plate hypertrophy & facet joint degeneration, both present

A

Spondyloarthrosis

92
Q

Nerve root+peripheral nerve problem; pain symptoms, neurological findings are normal

A

Radiculoneuralgia

93
Q

Nerve root+peripheral nerve inflammation, pain, paresthesia, increased MRS

A

Radiculoneuritis

94
Q

Pathology of nerve root + peripheral nerve w/ pain, paresthesia & decrease MRS

A

Radiculoneuropathy

95
Q

1st stage of the inflammation process is initiated by what?

A

Cellular & vascular destruction

96
Q

Two types of case history?

A

Focus history & complete case history

97
Q

The focus exam includes?

A

Chief Complaint & History of present illness

98
Q

This is a description of the symptoms your pt is presenting w/ to your office?

A

Chief Complaint

99
Q

OPQRST stands for?

A

Onset, Palliative/Provocative, Quality, Radiation, Site/Severity/Systems, TIme

100
Q

When the symptoms begin as compared to when the pt presents to your office?

A

Time of onset

101
Q

How the symptoms begin?

A

Mode of onset

102
Q

What makes the symptoms worse?

A

Provocative

103
Q

What makes the symptoms better?

A

Palliative

104
Q

How the symptoms feel?

105
Q

Localizing the symptoms?

106
Q

Subjective quantitative measure?

A

Severity (VAS or Borg scale)

107
Q

Are the pt’s organ systems involved?

108
Q

This involves frequency & duration of pt’s symptoms?

109
Q

The length of time the pt has & does not have their symptoms?

110
Q

Complete case history includes?

A

Personal medical history, Family history, social history, occupational history, Habits, Review of systems

111
Q

Patient medical history includes?

A

Medications, Illness, Surgery, Hospitalizations

112
Q

Social History includes?

A

Alcohol use, Tobacco, Recreational drug use, Sexual history

113
Q

Habits include?

A

Exercise, Recreation & relaxation, diet, hobbies

114
Q

Muscle Test Grading

A

0=no muscle movement
1=visible muscle movement, but no joint movement
2=Movement of the joint, but not against gravity
3=Movement against gravity, but not against resistance
4=Movement against some resistance, less than normal
5=Normal strength against full resistance

115
Q

DTR grading scale

A 
0=Absent reflex
1+=Hypoactive reflex
2+=Normal "Equal bilateral" reflex
3+= Hyperactive w/o clonus
4+=Hyperactive w/ intermittent clonus
5+= Hyperactive w/ sustain clonus
116
Q

Form of movement marked by contractions & relaxations of muscle, occurring in rapid succession seen with, among other conditions, spasticity & some seizure disorders?

117
Q

Components of the sensory exam?

A

Dorsal column systems, Lat. Spinothalamic tract (pain), Ventral Spinothalamic tract, Spinocerebellar tract, Double simultaneous stimultaneous stimuli

118
Q

Dorsal column systems consists of what?

A

Fine touch, vibration sense, 2 point discrimination

119
Q

Have pt clost eyes & report sharp or dull tests what?

A

Lat. spinothalamic tract (pain)

120
Q

Using a cold tuning fork to assess temp. tests what?

A

Lat. spinothalamic tract

121
Q

Using a tuning fork asses vibration tests what?

A

Dorsal Columns

122
Q

Moving pt’s finger/toe up & down tests what?

A

Spinocerebellar tract (position sense)

123
Q

Having pt touch finger to nose or rapid finger to thumb movements or alternating palm up/palm down tests what?

A

Spinocerebellar tract (coordination)

124
Q

Pt sliding heel down opposite shin of opposite leg, tapping opposite knee w/ heel, or dr’s finger w/ big toe tests what?

A

Spinocerebellar tract (coordination)

125
Q

Using open paper clip or open calipers to contact pt. with one or two points tests what?

A

Dorsal Columns (two point discrimination)

126
Q

Drawing a number on pt’s palm tests what?

A

Posterior columns (graphesthesia)

127
Q

Placing an object in pt’s hand & having them identify it w/ eyes closed tests what?

A

Posterior Columns (Stereognosis)

128
Q

Pt can’t maintain balance w/ legs tight together w/ eyes closed tests what?

A

Posterior columns (Rombey’s Test)

129
Q

Having pt identify touch on left & right tests what?

A

Tactile extinction

130
Q

Wiggling a finger in the left, right, or both visual fields tests what?

A

Visual Extinction

131
Q

Snapping fingers on left, right, or both sides tests what?

A

Auditory Extinction

132
Q

Stroking bottom of pt’s foot from heel up the lat. foot to the little toe then across the ball of foot to big toe tests what?

A

Upper motor neuron (Babinski’s Sign)

133
Q

Normal Babinski Response?

A

Toe flexion or no response

134
Q

Abnormal Babinski response

A

Big toe extension, other digits abduction

135
Q

This test involve flicking the nail on the 3rd or 4th finger?

A

Hoffman’s sign

136
Q

Hoffman’s sign tests for what?

A

Problems w/ corticospinal tract (Upper motor neuron)

137
Q

6 components of diagnostic statement?

A

Time modifier, Mode of Onset modifier, Primary Diagnostic term, Assoc. Modifier terms, Complicating modifier terms, Aggravating modifier terms

138
Q

Name three time modifier terms

A

Acute, Subacute, Chronic

139
Q

1st 72 hours of an inflammatory process or a non-inflammatory severe pain event?

140
Q

After 72 hours & up to 18 months depending on the amount of tissue damage for an inflammatory condition. For non-inflammatory, looking at a moderate pain event to full recovery

141
Q

Condition that resolves to a maximum medical improvement (that is less than full recovery)?

NMS Diagnosis (5 decks)

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