Test #1 Flashcards
1
Q
1st stage of the inflammation process is initiated by what?
A
Cellular & vascular destruction
2
Q
Signs of the 1st stage of inflammation?
A
Pain (dolor)
Heat (calor)
Redness (rubor)
Swelling (edema)
3
Q
Causes of the 1st stage of inflammation?
A
Trauma (M/C), Infectious, Chemical
4
Q
2nd stage of inflammation process is called?
A
Consolidation
5
Q
In this stage of inflammation, the tissue is now drying out and beginning to harden
A
2nd stage
6
Q
Characteristics of 2nd stage of inflammation?
A
Swelling has terminated, Pain has decreased, Redness & heat are not evident
7
Q
3rd stage of inflammation is the ______ stage?
A
Repair
8
Q
What type of pattern is tissue laid in any direction?
A
Cross Matrix pattern
9
Q
Cross matrix pattern can lead to what?
A
adhesions
10
Q
Proper repair in the 3rd stage of inflammation necessitates what?
A
Passive, active, & resistive rehab exercise
11
Q
4th stage of inflammation is known as?
A
Resolution
12
Q
2 mode of onset modifier terms?
A
Traumatic & Insidious
13
Q
Onset that results from tissue being taken beyond it’s normal limits?
A
Traumatic
14
Q
Damage to muscle tissue?
A
Strain
15
Q
Damage to ligament tissue?
A
Sprain
16
Q
Grade I Strain/Sprain histological definition?
A
0-50% tearing of tissue
17
Q
Grade II Strain/Sprain histological definition?
A
50-100% tearing of tissue
18
Q
Grade III Strain/Sprain histological definition?
A
> 100% tearing of tissue
19
Q
Grade I Strain/Sprain functional definition?
A
Mild to moderate symptoms with no dysfunction, recovers in 2-4 weeks w/ no intervention
20
Q
Grade II Strain/Sprain functional definition?
A
Moderate to severe symptoms w/ physical & lifestyle impairments, recovery 6 weeks to 18 months w/ health care interventions
21
Q
Grade III Strain/Sprain functional definition?
A
Severe symptoms w/ complete loss of function
22
Q
Mode of onset that has a slow onset of symptoms which are progressive over time
A
Insidious
23
Q
This is the term that is used to describe the patient’s tissue causing their main complaint
A
Primary diagnostic term
24
Q
These are diagnostic terms that are conditions (symptoms) which accompany the primary diagnosis, but are not actual symptoms of the patient’s chief complaint
A
Associated modifier terms
25
These are diagnostic terms that complicated the patient's condition
Complicating modifier terms
26
Complicating conditions include?
Degenerative pathologies, systemic disease, congenital abnormalities, structural abnormalities
27
A short phrase which indicates patient lifestyles tha causes the patient's symptoms to worsen when they perform those duties
Aggravating modifier terms
28
Dura Mater is affected by?
Recurrent meningeal nerve, Innervated sinuvertebral nerve, & nerve of Von Luska
29
Local symptom lateral to the spine & when severe enough can radiate along the course of the peripheral nerve indicates problem with?
Nerve root
30
Irritation of this type of nerve compresses blood vessels, causes numbness (paresthesia) & pain
Peripheral nerve
31
This structures is innervated by recurrent meningeal nerve and its symptoms are local to the spine
IVD
32
Facets & diarthrodial joints have symptoms from?
Ligaments from stretching, Cartilage (joint surface) from compression, & the synovium
33
This structure is indicated if its under pressure, pressure can be elevated by compression forces, & increased intra-thoracic & abdominal pressure result in increased symptoms
IVD
34
What part of diarthrodial joint is indicated if symptoms are increased w/ compression forces?
Joint surface
35
What part of diarthrodial joint is indicated if symptoms are increased w/ stretching forces?
Joint capsule (ligaments)
36
Spinal exam reveals mostly extensor muscle involvement when stresses are from?
Stretching forces & resistive forces
37
This type of tissue can produce local, deep, symptoms, deformity, & dysfunction
Bone (pathology)
38
Decreased, less than
Hypo-
39
Increased, more than
Hyper-
40
Anterior translation
Antero-
41
Posterior translation
Retro-
42
Right
Dextro-
43
Left
Levo-
44
Pain
-algia
45
Inflammation of the inflammatory process
-itis
46
Condition of the root word, generally means pathology
-opathy
47
Condition of the root word, generally describes degenerative changes
-osis
48
Separation, break, tear
-lysis
49
Spinal cord fibrils, covering of the cord
Myelo-, Meninges
50
Spinal cord fibrils pathology
Myelopathy
51
Inflammation of the covering of the spinal cord, caused by infectious & chemical processes
Meningitis
52
Nerve root, describes the nerve root found in the spinal canal & IVF
Radical
53
Describes nerve root (adjective)
Radicular
54
Nerve root pain. Does not radiate, no neurological findings
Radicualgia
55
Nerve root inflammation/irritation (hyperexcitable), can have paresthesia. May radiate along peripheral nerve, may have neurological signs that are exaggerated
Radiculitis
56
Nerve root pathology which is depressed nerve function, may have radiating symptoms
Radiculopathy
57
Peripheral nerve pain, no neurological signs
Neuralgia
58
Inflammation of peripheral nerve. May have increased neurological signs, paresthesias & pain
Neuritis
59
Peripheral nerve pathology which has decreased function & may have depressed neurological signs
Neuropathy
60
Condition of the spine. Refers to disc degeneration or evidence of it. Evidence seen is: end plate thickening (sclerosis, spurring, etc)
Spondylosis
61
Separation of the pars interarticularis w/ no forward slippage of the vertebral body
Spondylolysis
62
Anterolisthesis that may be due to a lysis (ant. slippage of body)
Spondylolisthesis
63
Slippage/translation of the top vertebrae
Listhesis
64
Joint surface pain
Arthralgia
65
Joint surface inflammation
Arthritis
66
Condition of the joint. Describes joint pathology, generally degeneration
Arthrosis
67
Joint pathology, usually refers to organic pathology
Arthropathy
68
Inflammation of the synovium. Fluid will be overproduced
Synovitis
69
Capsular pain
Capsalgia
70
Capsule inflammation-swelling, possible heat, redness, & painful
Capsulitis
71
Muscle (root)
Myo-
72
Tendonus part of the muscle
Teno-
73
Muscle pain
Myalgia
74
Muscle inflammation
Myositis
75
Muscle fascial inflammation
Myofascitis
76
Inflamed tendon
Tendonitis
77
Chronic tendon pain & adhesion
Tendonosis
78
Tendon synovial inflammation
Tenosynovitis
79
Increase joint movement
Hyperkinesia
80
Decrease joint movement, can be used as the diagnostic term for joint fixation, restriction
Hypokinesia
81
Painful joint movement (active)
Kinesalgia
82
Blunt trauma generally to soft tissue
Contusions
83
Skin scraping
Abrasion
84
Cuts w/ sharp objects
Lacerations
85
Bone damage from trauma
Fractures
86
Decreased primary curve
Hypokyphosis
87
Increased primary curve
Hyperkyphosis
88
Decreased secondary curve
Hypolordosis
89
Increased secondary curve
Hyperlordosis
90
Abnormal lateral curve of the spine
Scoliosis
91
End plate hypertrophy & facet joint degeneration, both present
Spondyloarthrosis
92
Nerve root+peripheral nerve problem; pain symptoms, neurological findings are normal
Radiculoneuralgia
93
Nerve root+peripheral nerve inflammation, pain, paresthesia, increased MRS
Radiculoneuritis
94
Pathology of nerve root + peripheral nerve w/ pain, paresthesia & decrease MRS
Radiculoneuropathy
95
1st stage of the inflammation process is initiated by what?
Cellular & vascular destruction
96
Two types of case history?
Focus history & complete case history
97
The focus exam includes?
Chief Complaint & History of present illness
98
This is a description of the symptoms your pt is presenting w/ to your office?
Chief Complaint
99
OPQRST stands for?
Onset, Palliative/Provocative, Quality, Radiation, Site/Severity/Systems, TIme
100
When the symptoms begin as compared to when the pt presents to your office?
Time of onset
101
How the symptoms begin?
Mode of onset
102
What makes the symptoms worse?
Provocative
103
What makes the symptoms better?
Palliative
104
How the symptoms feel?
Quality
105
Localizing the symptoms?
Site
106
Subjective quantitative measure?
Severity (VAS or Borg scale)
107
Are the pt's organ systems involved?
Systems
108
This involves frequency & duration of pt's symptoms?
Time
109
The length of time the pt has & does not have their symptoms?
Duration
110
Complete case history includes?
Personal medical history, Family history, social history, occupational history, Habits, Review of systems
111
Patient medical history includes?
Medications, Illness, Surgery, Hospitalizations
112
Social History includes?
Alcohol use, Tobacco, Recreational drug use, Sexual history
113
Habits include?
Exercise, Recreation & relaxation, diet, hobbies
114
Muscle Test Grading
0=no muscle movement
1=visible muscle movement, but no joint movement
2=Movement of the joint, but not against gravity
3=Movement against gravity, but not against resistance
4=Movement against some resistance, less than normal
5=Normal strength against full resistance
115
DTR grading scale
```
0=Absent reflex
1+=Hypoactive reflex
2+=Normal "Equal bilateral" reflex
3+= Hyperactive w/o clonus
4+=Hyperactive w/ intermittent clonus
5+= Hyperactive w/ sustain clonus
```
116
Form of movement marked by contractions & relaxations of muscle, occurring in rapid succession seen with, among other conditions, spasticity & some seizure disorders?
Clonus
117
Components of the sensory exam?
Dorsal column systems, Lat. Spinothalamic tract (pain), Ventral Spinothalamic tract, Spinocerebellar tract, Double simultaneous stimultaneous stimuli
118
Dorsal column systems consists of what?
Fine touch, vibration sense, 2 point discrimination
119
Have pt clost eyes & report sharp or dull tests what?
Lat. spinothalamic tract (pain)
120
Using a cold tuning fork to assess temp. tests what?
Lat. spinothalamic tract
121
Using a tuning fork asses vibration tests what?
Dorsal Columns
122
Moving pt's finger/toe up & down tests what?
Spinocerebellar tract (position sense)
123
Having pt touch finger to nose or rapid finger to thumb movements or alternating palm up/palm down tests what?
Spinocerebellar tract (coordination)
124
Pt sliding heel down opposite shin of opposite leg, tapping opposite knee w/ heel, or dr's finger w/ big toe tests what?
Spinocerebellar tract (coordination)
125
Using open paper clip or open calipers to contact pt. with one or two points tests what?
Dorsal Columns (two point discrimination)
126
Drawing a number on pt's palm tests what?
Posterior columns (graphesthesia)
127
Placing an object in pt's hand & having them identify it w/ eyes closed tests what?
Posterior Columns (Stereognosis)
128
Pt can't maintain balance w/ legs tight together w/ eyes closed tests what?
Posterior columns (Rombey's Test)
129
Having pt identify touch on left & right tests what?
Tactile extinction
130
Wiggling a finger in the left, right, or both visual fields tests what?
Visual Extinction
131
Snapping fingers on left, right, or both sides tests what?
Auditory Extinction
132
Stroking bottom of pt's foot from heel up the lat. foot to the little toe then across the ball of foot to big toe tests what?
Upper motor neuron (Babinski's Sign)
133
Normal Babinski Response?
Toe flexion or no response
134
Abnormal Babinski response
Big toe extension, other digits abduction
135
This test involve flicking the nail on the 3rd or 4th finger?
Hoffman's sign
136
Hoffman's sign tests for what?
Problems w/ corticospinal tract (Upper motor neuron)
137
6 components of diagnostic statement?
Time modifier, Mode of Onset modifier, Primary Diagnostic term, Assoc. Modifier terms, Complicating modifier terms, Aggravating modifier terms
138
Name three time modifier terms
Acute, Subacute, Chronic
139
1st 72 hours of an inflammatory process or a non-inflammatory severe pain event?
Acute
140
After 72 hours & up to 18 months depending on the amount of tissue damage for an inflammatory condition. For non-inflammatory, looking at a moderate pain event to full recovery
Subacute
141
Condition that resolves to a maximum medical improvement (that is less than full recovery)?
Chronic
