test 1

Question 1

What are variables made out of ?

Answer 1

Equipment used, type of material, amount of material, temperature,light,and time

Question 2

What happens if you change all variables at once

Answer 2

You can’t tell what varianle is responsible for the result.

Question 3

Should you test a hypothesis

Answer 3

Hypothesis should be test by an experiment.

Question 4

What is it called when a variable is changed on purpose

Answer 4

Manipulated variable.

Question 5

What is a single manipulated variable

Answer 5

The same as an Independent Variable

Question 6

What is an Indipendent Variable
( Manipulated variable)

Answer 6

An intentionally changed variable to observe its affect on the depentdent variable.

Question 7

What is a dependent variable
( responding variable)

Answer 7

A dependent variable is what you measure in the expirement and what is affected during the expirement.

Question 8

What should the result be when a particular variable is manipulated

Answer 8

The depends on the specific expirements hypothesis and design, Results can be: Widley Varied, no effect, or an unexpected effect on the dependent variable.

Question 9

Can you always test a hypothesis.

Answer 9

Yes but the outcome may not always support or confirm thhe hypothesis.

Question 10

what is Homeostasis

Answer 10

Homeostasis is the body’s ability to maintain a stable and balanced internal enviorment.
It envolves, regulating various phsiological processes, such as temperature, blood pressure,and glucose levels.

Question 11

what is positive feedback.

Answer 11

Moves away from Homeostasis

Question 12

What is negative feedback

Answer 12

Moves towards homeostasis

Question 13

what is a responding variable

Answer 13

A “responding variable” is not a recognized term in scientific terminology. The commonly used term is “dependent variable,” which is the variable being measured or observed in an experiment and is dependent on the changes made to the independent variable.

Question 14

what is a control group in an expirement

Answer 14

The group that has normal effect

Question 15

What is an expiremental group/ treament group.

Answer 15

The group that is exposed to the MV

Question 16

what characteristics do all living things share.

Answer 16

Reproduce
made up of cells
Genetic code
grow and evelop
Obtain energy
respond to some type of enviorment
change over time

Question 17

what is DNA

Answer 17

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism

Question 18

what is RNA

Answer 18

Ribonucleic acid, RNA is most often single-stranded. An RNA molecule has a backbone made of alternating phosphate groups and the sugar ribose, rather than the deoxyribose found in DNA.

Question 19

what is science

Answer 19

the goal of science is to investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world and to use those explanations to make useful predictions

Question 20

What biological process includes chemical reactions that break down material.

Answer 20

Catabolism, involves breaking complex molecules into simpler ones ( releasing energy)

Question 21

What measurment system do most scientist use

Answer 21

Scientist usally use the metric system in their work.
1 meter (m)=100cm

Question 22

what is the goal of science

Answer 22

To understand and explain natural phenomena and the workings of the universe through systematic obervation, experimentation, and the development of testable explantions or theories.

Question 23

Define Biology

Answer 23

Biology is the scientific study of living organisms and their interactions with each other and their environment.

Question 24

Explain how science involves developing a hypothesis or theory that can generate testable predictions.

Answer 24

Science involves developing a hypothesis or theory that can generate testable predictions to understand natural phenomena.

Question 25

Explain the difference between a hypothesis and a theory, including how collection of new data affects them.

Answer 25

A hypothesis is a testable explanation for a specific observation, while a theory is a well-substantiated explanation for a broader set of phenomena. New data can refine or even challenge both.

Question 26

Explain how experiments are designed to maximize reliability, including: manipulated variable (independent), controlled variable, responding variable (dependent), control group, trials/replicates, peer review

Answer 26

Experiments maximize reliability by having a manipulated variable (independent), controlled variables, responding variable (dependent), control group, multiple trials/replicates, and peer review.

Question 27

Explain how the scientific process works from developing a hypothesis, to creating an experiment, to developing a conclusion, and to sharing results. Explain how collaboration and interpretation can affect this process, what can make results less tentative (more conclusive), and what can be done to increase reliability.

Answer 27

The scientific process involves developing a hypothesis, designing an experiment, collecting data, analyzing it, forming conclusions, and sharing results. Collaboration and interpretation affect this process. More data and rigorous methods can increase reliability.

Question 28

Be familiar with all components of and how to write an experimental design (see rubric!)

Answer 28

Introduction
Experimental design
Data and result
Conclusion

Question 29

Explain how scientific conclusions must make claims that are supported by specific evidence, clear reasoning, and are consistent with (or refer to) established knowledge.

Answer 29

Scientific conclusions must be supported by specific evidence, clear reasoning, and alignment with established knowledge.

Question 30

Explain how scientists cite their sources when referring to the ideas or findings of others

Answer 30

Scientists cite their sources to give credit and provide a basis for others to verify their claims.

Question 31

Explain how human values can affect science.

Answer 31

Human values can affect science by influencing research questions, interpretation of data, and funding decisions.

Question 32

Explain how the peer-review process is used by scientists (including all steps involved, as covered in class).

Answer 32

The peer-review process involves experts evaluating research before publication. Steps include submission, review, revisions, and publication.

Question 33

Explain generally how a peer-reviewed article differs from one that is not peer-reviewed

Answer 33

Peer-reviewed articles undergo expert scrutiny, while non-peer-reviewed ones do not.

Question 34

Record, graph, and analyze experimental data from an experiment to form conclusions

Answer 34

Recording, graphing, and analyzing experimental data is essential for drawing conclusions.

Question 35

Describe patterns/trends in data, including the difference between “(entative” results and “conclusive” results

Answer 35

Patterns in data help distinguish tentative results (based on limited data) from conclusive results (backed by substantial evidence).

Question 36

Explain how scientists consider alternative explanations when patterns are tentative

Answer 36

Scientists explore alternative explanations when patterns are tentative to ensure robust conclusions.

Question 37

Explain the characteristics of life in depth, giving examples of living and non-living things (and how they have or do not have these characteristics).

Answer 37

Characteristics of life include organization, energy utilization, response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development, adaptation, and maintaining homeostasis. Living examples: humans, plants. Non-living examples: rocks, water.

Question 38

Explain the research conducted by Redi, Spallanzani, Pasteur, and Needham

Answer 38

Redi conducted experiments with meat to disprove spontaneous generation. Spallanzani experimented with sealed flasks to challenge the idea of spontaneous generation. Pasteur’s swan-neck flask experiment definitively disproved spontaneous generation. Needham’s experiments supported spontaneous generation.

Question 39

Explain that feedback mechanisms can encourage (through positive feedback) or discourage (negative feedback) functions in living organisms; explain the difference between positive and negative feedback

Answer 39

Feedback mechanisms can encourage (positive feedback) or discourage (negative feedback) functions in organisms. Positive feedback amplifies a response, while negative feedback maintains stability.

Question 40

Explain that feedback mechanisms maintain a living system’s internal conditions within certain limits and mediate behaviors, allowing it to remain alive / functional even as external conditions change in some range.

Answer 40

Feedback mechanisms help organisms maintain stable internal conditions (homeostasis) despite external changes. They regulate processes like body temperature, blood sugar levels, and more.

Question 41

Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis

Answer 41

To investigate feedback mechanisms and homeostasis, you can design experiments like monitoring body temperature in response to external temperature changes or blood sugar levels in response to food intake.