test 1 Flashcards
What are variables made out of ?
Equipment used, type of material, amount of material, temperature,light,and time
What happens if you change all variables at once
You can’t tell what varianle is responsible for the result.
Should you test a hypothesis
Hypothesis should be test by an experiment.
What is it called when a variable is changed on purpose
Manipulated variable.
What is a single manipulated variable
The same as an Independent Variable
What is an Indipendent Variable
( Manipulated variable)
An intentionally changed variable to observe its affect on the depentdent variable.
What is a dependent variable
( responding variable)
A dependent variable is what you measure in the expirement and what is affected during the expirement.
What should the result be when a particular variable is manipulated
The depends on the specific expirements hypothesis and design, Results can be: Widley Varied, no effect, or an unexpected effect on the dependent variable.
Can you always test a hypothesis.
Yes but the outcome may not always support or confirm thhe hypothesis.
what is Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the body’s ability to maintain a stable and balanced internal enviorment.
It envolves, regulating various phsiological processes, such as temperature, blood pressure,and glucose levels.
what is positive feedback.
Moves away from Homeostasis
What is negative feedback
Moves towards homeostasis
what is a responding variable
A “responding variable” is not a recognized term in scientific terminology. The commonly used term is “dependent variable,” which is the variable being measured or observed in an experiment and is dependent on the changes made to the independent variable.
what is a control group in an expirement
The group that has normal effect
What is an expiremental group/ treament group.
The group that is exposed to the MV
what characteristics do all living things share.
Reproduce
made up of cells
Genetic code
grow and evelop
Obtain energy
respond to some type of enviorment
change over time
what is DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism
what is RNA
Ribonucleic acid, RNA is most often single-stranded. An RNA molecule has a backbone made of alternating phosphate groups and the sugar ribose, rather than the deoxyribose found in DNA.
what is science
the goal of science is to investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world and to use those explanations to make useful predictions
What biological process includes chemical reactions that break down material.
Catabolism, involves breaking complex molecules into simpler ones ( releasing energy)
What measurment system do most scientist use
Scientist usally use the metric system in their work.
1 meter (m)=100cm
what is the goal of science
To understand and explain natural phenomena and the workings of the universe through systematic obervation, experimentation, and the development of testable explantions or theories.
Define Biology
Biology is the scientific study of living organisms and their interactions with each other and their environment.
Explain how science involves developing a hypothesis or theory that can generate testable predictions.
Science involves developing a hypothesis or theory that can generate testable predictions to understand natural phenomena.
Explain the difference between a hypothesis and a theory, including how collection of new data affects them.
A hypothesis is a testable explanation for a specific observation, while a theory is a well-substantiated explanation for a broader set of phenomena. New data can refine or even challenge both.
Explain how experiments are designed to maximize reliability, including: manipulated variable (independent), controlled variable, responding variable (dependent), control group, trials/replicates, peer review
Experiments maximize reliability by having a manipulated variable (independent), controlled variables, responding variable (dependent), control group, multiple trials/replicates, and peer review.
Explain how the scientific process works from developing a hypothesis, to creating an experiment, to developing a conclusion, and to sharing results. Explain how collaboration and interpretation can affect this process, what can make results less tentative (more conclusive), and what can be done to increase reliability.
The scientific process involves developing a hypothesis, designing an experiment, collecting data, analyzing it, forming conclusions, and sharing results. Collaboration and interpretation affect this process. More data and rigorous methods can increase reliability.
Be familiar with all components of and how to write an experimental design (see rubric!)
Introduction
Experimental design
Data and result
Conclusion
Explain how scientific conclusions must make claims that are supported by specific evidence, clear reasoning, and are consistent with (or refer to) established knowledge.
Scientific conclusions must be supported by specific evidence, clear reasoning, and alignment with established knowledge.
Explain how scientists cite their sources when referring to the ideas or findings of others
Scientists cite their sources to give credit and provide a basis for others to verify their claims.
Explain how human values can affect science.
Human values can affect science by influencing research questions, interpretation of data, and funding decisions.
Explain how the peer-review process is used by scientists (including all steps involved, as covered in class).
The peer-review process involves experts evaluating research before publication. Steps include submission, review, revisions, and publication.
Explain generally how a peer-reviewed article differs from one that is not peer-reviewed
Peer-reviewed articles undergo expert scrutiny, while non-peer-reviewed ones do not.
Record, graph, and analyze experimental data from an experiment to form conclusions
Recording, graphing, and analyzing experimental data is essential for drawing conclusions.
Describe patterns/trends in data, including the difference between “(entative” results and “conclusive” results
Patterns in data help distinguish tentative results (based on limited data) from conclusive results (backed by substantial evidence).
Explain how scientists consider alternative explanations when patterns are tentative
Scientists explore alternative explanations when patterns are tentative to ensure robust conclusions.
Explain the characteristics of life in depth, giving examples of living and non-living things (and how they have or do not have these characteristics).
Characteristics of life include organization, energy utilization, response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development, adaptation, and maintaining homeostasis. Living examples: humans, plants. Non-living examples: rocks, water.
Explain the research conducted by Redi, Spallanzani, Pasteur, and Needham
Redi conducted experiments with meat to disprove spontaneous generation. Spallanzani experimented with sealed flasks to challenge the idea of spontaneous generation. Pasteur’s swan-neck flask experiment definitively disproved spontaneous generation. Needham’s experiments supported spontaneous generation.
Explain that feedback mechanisms can encourage (through positive feedback) or discourage (negative feedback) functions in living organisms; explain the difference between positive and negative feedback
Feedback mechanisms can encourage (positive feedback) or discourage (negative feedback) functions in organisms. Positive feedback amplifies a response, while negative feedback maintains stability.
Explain that feedback mechanisms maintain a living system’s internal conditions within certain limits and mediate behaviors, allowing it to remain alive / functional even as external conditions change in some range.
Feedback mechanisms help organisms maintain stable internal conditions (homeostasis) despite external changes. They regulate processes like body temperature, blood sugar levels, and more.
Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis
To investigate feedback mechanisms and homeostasis, you can design experiments like monitoring body temperature in response to external temperature changes or blood sugar levels in response to food intake.
