Test 1 Flashcards
What makes an experiment and experiment
random assignment, manipulation of variables/ groups, usually has an operational definition
What is an operational definition
explains something new, Hot Hand= the likely hood of making a shot depends on if the previous shot was missed or made
What happened to soccer players who used the Stroop test
those that had mental fatigue played worse and had more penalties
What happened with the Emotional regulation of bikers
watch disturbing movie and told to act naturally, suppress emotional responses, those that didn’t suppress their emotions were faster than those that suppressed it, but those
What was the experiment with testosterone and winning
those that are having a close win have more of surge than the other three, close lose, deceive win and loss, so we crave the win
What was the sex with multiple partners for athletes and non-athletes experiment
student-athletes claim to have more partners, self-reported, also for women, if the men play a team sport or individual sport, they are more likely to get long term or one date
Why doesn’t lab data always mean real life data
you can infer inter validity or causality, but some people may not act like they normally would because the study is artificial and not natural
What is the old definition of skill
learned ability to bring about predetermined results with maxim certainty, often with th minimum outlay of time, energy or both
What is the new definition of skill
skill is the consistent production of goal-oriented movements, which are learned and specific to the task(walking)
What is ability
innate(and largely unchangeable) physical attributes that determine our potential for a given skill(holding a baton)
What is motor ability
dynamic strength, reaction time, manual dexterity(power lifting, full body tackle, karate block, etc)
What is gross motor skills
moving entire body, running, jumping, benching
What is fine motor skills
small individual parts of the body, sewing, writing, using a fork
Can experiments in fine motor apply to gross motor too
no
What are closed skills
Stable, predictable environment, therefore, skills are almost not affected by the environment and tend to be habitual, movements follow set patterns and have a clear beginning and end
What are open skills
environment is constantly changing and thus movements have to be continually adapted, skills are predominately perceptual, the skill is eternally paced
What are discrete skills
brief action with beginning and end(goal keepers dive for ball)
What are continuous skills
may be stopped at any point without movement being incomplete(running)
What are serial skills
performance of a series of different movements in sequence(gymnastic)
What are externally paced skills
Timing is not under the control of the athlete
What are internally paced skills
timing is under control of athlete
What are individual skills
performed in isolation(figure skating)
What are coactive skills
those performed at same time as others but without direct confrontation(swimming)
What are interactive skills
performed where other performers are directly involved(football)
What is the Cognitive stage
early stages of trying to acquire a new skill, the tendency is to focus o understanding the nature of the task, through higher mental processes the task is analyzed and a motor program is developed ie mental representation of the skill
What is the Associative Stage
an intermediate stage in acquiring a skill, after a mental program has been developed with practice, we tend to need to think less and less about the skill in order to perform it successfully
Proprioception
lets us feel the parts of the body even when we aren’t looking at them, feeling your foot under the table even if its not touching anything
What is the autonomous stage
this is achieved when a skill has been mastered to a degree the abilities of the performer permit, at this stage conscious thinking about the skills usually impairs it execution
What is recall
recall is task specific, so you have seen it before and know how to react to it
How does recall relate to experts and novices
Chess experts can just have better game specific memory thats why they do better, but with no game specific pieces then they are the same
What are some problems with IPA
sometimes your actions are automatic, anticipation speeds up the process, doesn’t explain which info you screen out of the process
What is the effect of time when determining predications(temporal occlusion)
with more time, there is more accuracy
The less time until the impact of something, the more likely people are to be able to predict where the something will land, so if someone is about to kick a soccer ball, the closer to impact of the ball, the better the prediction, you are more likely to be able to predict side vs height
What happens if something is blocked out during a movement
If something is blocked out, experts are more likely to be hurt than novices, its possible that this is due to because there isn’t as much contextual info, or some important sources of sensory info may be missing(such as auditory)
How do people do if they are told how to do something explicitly vs general info vs highlighted area group vs implicit info
Explicit info and general info do better than both highlighted group and implicit with highlighted group being the worse one, you can teach anticipation as seen in the groups
What is arousal
all inclusive, broad ranging continuum of physiology activation at any point in time, From deep stupor/sleep to extreme excitement( Hr, BP, hormones, etc)
What is anxiety
negatively charged emotional state characterized by internal discomfort and distress, Environmental situations(strong opponent), Individual’s perception of environment, Response, Behavior(performance outcome), substantial imbalance between environmental demand and response capability under conditions where failure to meet the demands had important consequences
Who is better, younger or older siblings
Younger siblings don’t have to worry about pressure and tension.
