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Sport Psych > Social Facilitation in Sport, the Home-Field Advantage & Choking > Flashcards

Social Facilitation in Sport, the Home-Field Advantage & Choking Flashcards

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1
Q

What would the audience do to people after an airball

A

They would chant air ball to away players

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2
Q

How would the air ball affect home v away players?

A

Home: would cause more makes
Away:(from ABS) more misses

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3
Q

What were the groups for the rowing experiment?

A

No virtual reality
Individual virtual reality
Companion virtual reality

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4
Q

How does the crowd affect performance

A

higher density of people in crowd would undermine performance following ego threat(ABS/ABC)(True)

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5
Q

How does being a starter affect threats to ego(Theory)

A

game starters will shield against effects of ego threat because they are ore confident(overall better shooting ability provides buffer, not being a starter)

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

What did the rowing experiment find?

A

Companion virtual reality rowed farther, higher HR, more power
No virtual reality reported more effort/pressure/tension

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8
Q

What was the cockroach study

A

easy task(run straight) hard task(need to make specific turn)

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9
Q

How was the cockroach experiment an experiment?

A

2 independent variables with two each 2x2=type of task(easy and hard) and observers or no

3 results: dependent affect each of the independent variables and then both at the same time

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10
Q

What were the results of the cockroach study?

A

faster on easy task than hard
when observed by other cockroaches, they go even faster on easy but do worse on hard
No affect when

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11
Q

What is Social Facilitation?

A

performance increase in presence of others

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12
Q

Social inhibition

A

Performance decrease in presence of others

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13
Q

What is Zajonc Mere Presence Theory

A

presence of another person or member of the same species—–> increased arousal——> strengthened dominant response——->lead to 1 or 2
1=easy task, correct response, performance enhancement
2=hard task, incorrect response, performance impairment

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14
Q

How does Zajonc theory relate to pool players(same thing for free throws)

A

experts do better with people watching
novices do worse

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15
Q

How does Zajonc theory relate to home team during covid

A

home team won less when there were no fans

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16
Q

How does Zajonc theory relate to running

A

people ran faster when they had someone facing them,
less when back is turned or no one is there

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17
Q

What are some of America home field advantage stats

A

MLB is least(54), MLS is most(66), NBA is 61, NHL is 56

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18
Q

How does HFA affect poeple outside America

A

HFA found in other countries, even smaller ones
money incentive(people wanna see team win when they go see them)
rule changing doesn’t really change it

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19
Q

How has HFA changed in MLB

A

much larger before re-organization, not very consistent

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20
Q

How has HFA affected MLB

A

higher in early years but then stabilizes

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21
Q

How has HFA affected NFL

A

not very consistent,
some seasons with no HFA
possibly because of small amount of games

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22
Q

How has HFA affected overtime in games

A

HFA also affected in OT

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23
Q

How has HFA affected NBA

A

higher earlier, less now

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24
Q

Why do NBA and NHL have different HFA when they are so similar

A

referees are more involved in NBA
NBA is high scoring, NHL is low scoring

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25
Q

How does HFA affect men and women differently

A

men much higher,
higher crowds
evolution(need to defend territory)
gender equality in countries=higher HFA

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26
Q

What are some reasons for HFA

A

Referees
jet lag
dirty tricks
defending territory
context-dependent memory
hostile/supportive crowds
Familiarity
materials of field(grass vs turf)

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27
Q

How does HFA affect batting last on competitive amateur baseball

A

Host vs Visiting= 57.3
Visiting vs host= 42.7
visit vs visit= 49.6(last) and 50.4(first)
no affect on neutral filed

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28
Q

How does HFA affect NHL with rules

A

visit have to put stick down first

29
Q

How does HFA affect animals

A

mice with winning streak of three against smaller mouse will win against bigger mouse when at home100% and 40% when away
Those without winning streak are less likely to win 40% at home and 10% away

30
Q

How does HFA affect testosterone

A

big surge for at home games:
against really good opponents with goalkeepers with the most

31
Q

How does HFA affect psychology, and physical attributes in hockey

A

higher at home, higher cortisol too, more self confidence and less anxiety when at home
more testosterone when winning at hoe

32
Q

How does testosterone and HFA affect Judo

A

higher for at attacking

33
Q

How does winning affect teams who are traveling

A

lower the more miles traveled
west vs. east also matters bc of the time change, West coast teams win more than East coast teams
affects sleep(less sleep poor performance)
still HFA in same city travel

34
Q

How does sleep affect performance for tennis players

A

players with prolonged sleep did better, men and women decline the same rate without sleep, caffeine helps too but not as much

35
Q

How does sleep help baseball players

A

more vigor and less depression/fatigue/anger

36
Q

How can sleep help performance

A

helps physically
helps attention, executive functioning, learning
prevents injury risk, illness suspectibility, weight maintenance, pain tolerance

37
Q

When is optimal exercise time

A

late afternoon, not early morning, no heavy workouts three hours before bed, precision muscle training is ok(shooting free throws) is good shortly before sleep

38
Q

How does quarters Affect HFA for NBA

A

Away teams have better performance in the beginning of game but get worse.

39
Q

What does the HFA context-dependent memory study do

A

whether LTM can’t be retrieved because of context
Put in water or land and told to memorize words
results: when in wet environment you recalled wet words, in dry you recall dry words

40
Q

How does HFA affect the way the grass is(fake or real)

A

If home team has fake and is used to fake, then away team will do worse because they aren’t used to it

41
Q

What happens to HFA when teams move to new stadiums

A

they do worse for a bit

42
Q

What are the overall affect ofr HFA

A

60%
no difference between single player vs team sports
college not different the professional
stronger before 1950

43
Q

What is the choking process

A

Conditions that lead to choking——> physical changes and increased self-consciousness ——> performance impairment

44
Q

What are some conditions that lead to choking

A

Important competition
critical plays in a competition
evaluation by coaches, peers, and parents

45
Q

What are some physical changes in choking

A

increased muscle tension
increased breathing rate
increased heart rate

46
Q

What does increased Self Consciousness mean for the choking process

A

Internal focus
narrow focus
reduced flexibility

47
Q

What does performance impairment mean

A

timing and coordination breakdown
muscle tightness and fatigue
rushing and inability to attend to cues

48
Q

How does self presentation be hampered by supportive crowds and what is it

A

claiming a desired identity through social public performances
1. Attention to self(as opposed to cues necessary for optimal performance)
2. renewed attention to automatic response sequence may disrupt smooth executions

49
Q

(Supportive audiences in sport championships). When is there more HFA for baseball?(MLB)

A

game 1 and 2=highest
last game(must win)=second highest
game 7=lowest

50
Q

(Supportive audiences in sport championships) when were there more errors game 1/2 or 7(MLB)

A

7 for home and 1/2 for visitors

51
Q

(Supportive audiences in sport championships) When does a team win more must win or finish off(clinch) wins?(MLB)

A

when the home team needs to they win more, if they can they’ll choke

52
Q

(Supportive audiences in sport championships)NBA when were you most likely to win at home

A

1-4= most
last game=medium
game 7= least

53
Q

(Supportive audiences in sport championships)NBA,, how does free throw differ from games 1-4 rather than the last game

A

higher points made in game 1-4

54
Q

(Friendly face) what are some Positives of supportive crowds

A

helps people cope with adversity and stress
friends and family with feel positively towards the performer after failure

55
Q

(Friendly face) what some negatives of supportive crowds

A

high expectations
more painful to have people you know see you fail
more attention—–> close scrutiny(self-awareness)

56
Q

(Friendly face) what was experiment 1

A

with a friend(can’t see you) or a stranger
participants said friend was less distracting
did worse with friend rather than stranger

57
Q

(Friendly face)What was experiment 2

A

people play a video game and the audience either gets paid or doesn’t based on player, or audience who doesn’t get paid at all
high self esteem=slower performance
neutral audiences did better

58
Q

(Friendly face)What was experiment 3

A

people had pos, neg, neutral, and no audience for easy and hard tasks
Supportive audience did 92% of easy games but 0 of hard
Neutral had 90 for easy and 25 for hard
Adversarial did 100 on easy and 45 for hard
No audience did 92 on easy and 58 for hard

59
Q

(Friendly Faces)What are the implications of supportive audiences

A

There is no increase in negative feelings with supportive audiences
increased self-awareness
self-protective orientation that take precedence over achievement goals and may detract from performance quality

60
Q

(friendly faces)What are some limitations of this study

A

effort sensitive task vs. skilled performance
amateur/individual vs professional teams
size of audience
output context

61
Q

How does Home field disadvantage(HFD)affect championship series

A

no statistical difference between game 1 and 7, choking across eras
they do commit more errors when behind
if they need to win then home team will, if not then they won’t
same
free throw performance doesn’t change
overall: most things changes with only two things remain same
home team will choke when behind
if they need to win they will

62
Q

What was Baumesister response

A

home team still choking
rule changes
excluded important games
win/loss is insesitive
classification problems(defending champions being excluded?)
different eras

63
Q

What did schlenker say in response

A

ignored data from basketball
societal pressure and self doubts disrupt fantasies of success in front of supportive audience

64
Q

Does HFD exist?

A

no

65
Q

Whats the final product of all the studies

A

only can clinch and must win remain the same, nothing else does(no HFD)
commits more errors when behind is because they are not assuming new identity of losers,
no support for home team choke

66
Q

If you are a dynasty team what happens

A

more likely to choke

67
Q

How did NBA help HFA

A

3-3 82% win
3-1 71% win
3-2 66% win

68
Q
A

Sport Psych (4 decks)

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