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Sport Psych > Social Facilitation in Sport, the Home-Field Advantage & Choking > Flashcards

Social Facilitation in Sport, the Home-Field Advantage & Choking Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

What would the audience do to people after an airball

A

They would chant air ball to away players

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2
Q

How would the air ball affect home v away players?

A

Home: would cause more makes
Away:(from ABS) more misses

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3
Q

What were the groups for the rowing experiment?

A

No virtual reality
Individual virtual reality
Companion virtual reality

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4
Q

How does the crowd affect performance

A

higher density of people in crowd would undermine performance following ego threat(ABS/ABC)(True)

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5
Q

How does being a starter affect threats to ego(Theory)

A

game starters will shield against effects of ego threat because they are ore confident(overall better shooting ability provides buffer, not being a starter)

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

What did the rowing experiment find?

A

Companion virtual reality rowed farther, higher HR, more power
No virtual reality reported more effort/pressure/tension

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8
Q

What was the cockroach study

A

easy task(run straight) hard task(need to make specific turn)

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9
Q

How was the cockroach experiment an experiment?

A

2 independent variables with two each 2x2=type of task(easy and hard) and observers or no

3 results: dependent affect each of the independent variables and then both at the same time

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10
Q

What were the results of the cockroach study?

A

faster on easy task than hard
when observed by other cockroaches, they go even faster on easy but do worse on hard
No affect when

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11
Q

What is Social Facilitation?

A

performance increase in presence of others

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12
Q

Social inhibition

A

Performance decrease in presence of others

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13
Q

What is Zajonc Mere Presence Theory

A

presence of another person or member of the same species—–> increased arousal——> strengthened dominant response——->lead to 1 or 2
1=easy task, correct response, performance enhancement
2=hard task, incorrect response, performance impairment

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14
Q

How does Zajonc theory relate to pool players(same thing for free throws)

A

experts do better with people watching
novices do worse

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15
Q

How does Zajonc theory relate to home team during covid

A

home team won less when there were no fans

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16
Q

How does Zajonc theory relate to running

A

people ran faster when they had someone facing them,
less when back is turned or no one is there

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17
Q

What are some of America home field advantage stats

A

MLB is least(54), MLS is most(66), NBA is 61, NHL is 56

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18
Q

How does HFA affect poeple outside America

A

HFA found in other countries, even smaller ones
money incentive(people wanna see team win when they go see them)
rule changing doesn’t really change it

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19
Q

How has HFA changed in MLB

A

much larger before re-organization, not very consistent

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20
Q

How has HFA affected MLB

A

higher in early years but then stabilizes

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21
Q

How has HFA affected NFL

A

not very consistent,
some seasons with no HFA
possibly because of small amount of games

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22
Q

How has HFA affected overtime in games

A

HFA also affected in OT

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23
Q

How has HFA affected NBA

A

higher earlier, less now

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24
Q

Why do NBA and NHL have different HFA when they are so similar

A

referees are more involved in NBA
NBA is high scoring, NHL is low scoring

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25
How does HFA affect men and women differently
men much higher, higher crowds evolution(need to defend territory) gender equality in countries=higher HFA
26
What are some reasons for HFA
Referees jet lag dirty tricks defending territory context-dependent memory hostile/supportive crowds Familiarity materials of field(grass vs turf)
27
How does HFA affect batting last on competitive amateur baseball
Host vs Visiting= 57.3 Visiting vs host= 42.7 visit vs visit= 49.6(last) and 50.4(first) no affect on neutral filed
28
How does HFA affect NHL with rules
visit have to put stick down first
29
How does HFA affect animals
mice with winning streak of three against smaller mouse will win against bigger mouse when at home100% and 40% when away Those without winning streak are less likely to win 40% at home and 10% away
30
How does HFA affect testosterone
big surge for at home games: against really good opponents with goalkeepers with the most
31
How does HFA affect psychology, and physical attributes in hockey
higher at home, higher cortisol too, more self confidence and less anxiety when at home more testosterone when winning at hoe
32
How does testosterone and HFA affect Judo
higher for at attacking
33
How does winning affect teams who are traveling
lower the more miles traveled west vs. east also matters bc of the time change, West coast teams win more than East coast teams affects sleep(less sleep poor performance) still HFA in same city travel
34
How does sleep affect performance for tennis players
players with prolonged sleep did better, men and women decline the same rate without sleep, caffeine helps too but not as much
35
How does sleep help baseball players
more vigor and less depression/fatigue/anger
36
How can sleep help performance
helps physically helps attention, executive functioning, learning prevents injury risk, illness suspectibility, weight maintenance, pain tolerance
37
When is optimal exercise time
late afternoon, not early morning, no heavy workouts three hours before bed, precision muscle training is ok(shooting free throws) is good shortly before sleep
38
How does quarters Affect HFA for NBA
Away teams have better performance in the beginning of game but get worse.
39
What does the HFA context-dependent memory study do
whether LTM can't be retrieved because of context Put in water or land and told to memorize words results: when in wet environment you recalled wet words, in dry you recall dry words
40
How does HFA affect the way the grass is(fake or real)
If home team has fake and is used to fake, then away team will do worse because they aren't used to it
41
What happens to HFA when teams move to new stadiums
they do worse for a bit
42
What are the overall affect ofr HFA
60% no difference between single player vs team sports college not different the professional stronger before 1950
43
What is the choking process
Conditions that lead to choking------> physical changes and increased self-consciousness ------> performance impairment
44
What are some conditions that lead to choking
Important competition critical plays in a competition evaluation by coaches, peers, and parents
45
What are some physical changes in choking
increased muscle tension increased breathing rate increased heart rate
46
What does increased Self Consciousness mean for the choking process
Internal focus narrow focus reduced flexibility
47
What does performance impairment mean
timing and coordination breakdown muscle tightness and fatigue rushing and inability to attend to cues
48
How does self presentation be hampered by supportive crowds and what is it
claiming a desired identity through social public performances 1. Attention to self(as opposed to cues necessary for optimal performance) 2. renewed attention to automatic response sequence may disrupt smooth executions
49
(Supportive audiences in sport championships). When is there more HFA for baseball?(MLB)
game 1 and 2=highest last game(must win)=second highest game 7=lowest
50
(Supportive audiences in sport championships) when were there more errors game 1/2 or 7(MLB)
7 for home and 1/2 for visitors
51
(Supportive audiences in sport championships) When does a team win more must win or finish off(clinch) wins?(MLB)
when the home team needs to they win more, if they can they'll choke
52
(Supportive audiences in sport championships)NBA when were you most likely to win at home
1-4= most last game=medium game 7= least
53
(Supportive audiences in sport championships)NBA,, how does free throw differ from games 1-4 rather than the last game
higher points made in game 1-4
54
(Friendly face) what are some Positives of supportive crowds
helps people cope with adversity and stress friends and family with feel positively towards the performer after failure
55
(Friendly face) what some negatives of supportive crowds
high expectations more painful to have people you know see you fail more attention-----> close scrutiny(self-awareness)
56
(Friendly face) what was experiment 1
with a friend(can't see you) or a stranger participants said friend was less distracting did worse with friend rather than stranger
57
(Friendly face)What was experiment 2
people play a video game and the audience either gets paid or doesn't based on player, or audience who doesn't get paid at all high self esteem=slower performance neutral audiences did better
58
(Friendly face)What was experiment 3
people had pos, neg, neutral, and no audience for easy and hard tasks Supportive audience did 92% of easy games but 0 of hard Neutral had 90 for easy and 25 for hard Adversarial did 100 on easy and 45 for hard No audience did 92 on easy and 58 for hard
59
(Friendly Faces)What are the implications of supportive audiences
There is no increase in negative feelings with supportive audiences increased self-awareness self-protective orientation that take precedence over achievement goals and may detract from performance quality
60
(friendly faces)What are some limitations of this study
effort sensitive task vs. skilled performance amateur/individual vs professional teams size of audience output context
61
How does Home field disadvantage(HFD)affect championship series
no statistical difference between game 1 and 7, choking across eras they do commit more errors when behind if they need to win then home team will, if not then they won't same free throw performance doesn't change overall: most things changes with only two things remain same home team will choke when behind if they need to win they will
62
What was Baumesister response
home team still choking rule changes excluded important games win/loss is insesitive classification problems(defending champions being excluded?) different eras
63
What did schlenker say in response
ignored data from basketball societal pressure and self doubts disrupt fantasies of success in front of supportive audience
64
Does HFD exist?
no
65
Whats the final product of all the studies
only can clinch and must win remain the same, nothing else does(no HFD) commits more errors when behind is because they are not assuming new identity of losers, no support for home team choke
66
If you are a dynasty team what happens
more likely to choke
67
How did NBA help HFA
3-3 82% win 3-1 71% win 3-2 66% win
68

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