Test 1 Flashcards
What type of gland does the urinary system act as?
Endocrine gland (producing renin and erythropoietin)
Structure separating each medullary pyramid
Renal column
Found at the apical portion of the renal pyramids
Renal papilla
Identify the organ
Kidney
Identify the structure
Capsule of kidney
Which vessels are found at the corticomedullary junction?
Arcuate arteries and veins
Which arteriole carries blood into the glomerulus?
Afferent arteriole
Which arteriole carries blood out of the glomerulus?
Efferent arteriole
Characterisation of the kidney cortex
Renal corpuscles and associated tubules
Characterisation of kidney medulla
Thin and thick limbs of loops of Henle, collecting tubules and ducts, vasa recta
Where are vasa recta found?
Renal medulla
Where are glomeruli found?
Renal cortex
Which structure is this?
Renal cortex
What structure is this?
Renal medulla
Which feature is shown here?
Medullary rays
Which feature is shown here?
Medullary rays
What makes up a nephron?
Renal corpuscle and tubule
What makes up a renal corpuscle?
Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule
What is the vascular pole of the glomerulus?
Site where arterioles enter and exit
What is the urinary pole of a glomerulus?
Where the tubular portion of the nephron begins
Epithelium of Bowman’s capsule
Simple squamous epithelium
Space between visceral and parietal layers of bowman’s capsule
Urinary space
What is the mesangium made up from?
Shared Glomerular basement membrane space containing mesangial cells
What are mesangial cells found along the vascular pole of the corpuscle called?
Lacis cells
What 3 components make up the glomerular filtration barrier?
1.capillary endothelium
2.glomerular basement membrane
3.visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule = podocytes
Major divisions of a nephron
1.renal corpuscle
2.proximal convoluted tubule
3.loop of henle
4.distal convoluted tubule
4.collecting tubule
Which feature is shown here?
Renal corpuscle
Which feature is shown here?
Vascular pole of corpuscle
Which feature is shown here?
Urinary pole of corpuscle
Which feature is shown here?
Macula densa
Which feature is shown here?
Collecting duct
Which feature is shown here?
Thick limb
Which feature is shown here?
Thin limb of loop of henle (simple squamous)
Which feature is shown here?
Vasa recta
Which feature is shown here in the centre?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Which feature is shown here in the centre?
Distal convoluted tubule
Which is the longest segment of the nephron?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Role of proximal convoluted tubule
Responsible for resorption of water, protein, amino acids etc.
Epithelium of proximal convoluted tubule
Simple cuboidal with brush border
Epithelium of thick limb of loop of henle
Low cuboidal (large, few cells)
Epithelium of thin limb of loop of henle
Simple squamous epithelium (few cells, ~4)
What forms the countercurrent exchange system in the kidneys?
The vasa recta
Loop of henle function
Creation of the hypertonic environment in the medulla
Distal convoluted tubule epithelium
Simple cuboidal, more cells than proximal but no brush border
Difference between DCT and PCT
PCT is hairy with a less distinct lumen, DCT has shorter cells
Epithelium of collecting ducts and tubules
Cuboidal/low columnar simple epithelium
Which feature is shown here by *?
Collecting ducts
Function of the distal convoluted tubule
Maintains Acid-base and water balance
Function of collecting tubules and ducts
Control re absorption of water
Macula densa
Components of juxtaglomerular apparatus
- Macula densa
- Juxtaglomerular cells
- Lacis cells
Juxtaglomerular cells characteristics
Modified smooth muscle cells in walls of afferent arteriole
Juxtaglomerular cell function
Secrete renin
Lacis cells characteristics
Modified mesangial cells outside corpuscle
Which epithelium is this?
Urothelium (transitional epithelium)
Which epithelium is this?
Urothelium (transitional)
Which structure is this?
Ureter
Which structure is this?
Urinary bladder
Epithelium of female urethra
Transitional, changes to stratified squamous near opening
What does TA represent in this diagram?
The tunica albuginea
Where are Sertoli cells found?
Seminiferous tubules
What structure is this?
Testis and epididymis
What structure is this found in the male reproductive system?
Efferent ductule (scalloped inner margin)
What structure is this found in the male reproductive system?
Epididymis (smooth luminal margin)
Which cell type is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Dark spermatogonium
Which sperm cells lie on the basal lamina, at the edge of the seminiferous tubules?
Spermatogonia (dark+light)
Which cell type is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Primary spermatocyte
Which sperm cell is largest with strands of chromatin visible?
Primary spermatocytes
Which sperm cells are short-lived and thus difficult to see?
Secondary spermatocytes
Which cell type is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Myoid cell (contractile)
Which cell type is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Leydig cells
Which cell type is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Sertoli cells
Which structure is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Tunica vasculosa
Which structure is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Tunica albuginea
Which cell is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Round spermatid
Which cell is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Spermatozoa
Which structure is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Rete testis (simple cuboidal/low columnar epithelium, cilia + microvilli)
Which structure is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Vas deferens
Which structure is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Prostate gland
Which structure is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Corpora amylacea
Which structure is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Glandular epithelium (tubuloalveolar)
Cells found in/around seminiferous tubules?
- Sertoli cells
- Spermatogenic cells
3.myoid cells - Leydig cells
Myoid cell function
Contractile, move non-motile sperm through tubules
In which phase are most spermatocytes seen?
Prophase of meiosis 1
Leydig cells function and location
Synthesise and secrete testosterone, store cholesterol (precursor) in lipid droplets
lie close to capillaries
Sertoli cells function
Support, protection and nutrition of developing spermatogenic cells - secrete tubular fluid and inhibin hormone
Epithelial divisions of the blood-testis barrier
- Adluminal compartment: secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, spermatozoa
- Basal compartment: spermatogonia + primary spermatocytes
Intratesticular duct system
Seminiferous tubules - straight tubules - rete testis - efferent ductules (continue to epididymis)
Excurrent duct system
Epididymis - vas deferens
Efferent ductules epithelium
Ciliated columnar + Pseudostratified cuboidal
Efferent ductule epithelial cells function
- Tall ciliated cells: propel non motile spermatozoa
- Short non ciliated cells: re absorb testicular fluid
Epididymis epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium (with stereocilia)
Vas deferens epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Glands found in prostate
Tubulo-alveolar glandular units - Pseudostratified epithelium
Seminal vesicle gland type
Convoluted tubulo-saccular glands (Pseudostratified epithelium)
Prostatic urethra epithelium
Urothelium
Membranous urethra epithelium
Stratified columnar epithelium
Penile urethra epithelium
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Oocyte
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Antrum
Name the epithelium in the female reproductive system
Germinal epithelium
Name the organ of the female reproductive system
Ovary
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Atretic follicle
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Graafian follicle
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Zona pellucida
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Primordial follicle
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Tunica albuginea
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Ovarian surface epithelium
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Granulosa cells
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Theca folliculi
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Cumulous oophorus
At which stage of the menstrual cycle was this uterus tissue taken from?
Menstrual stage
At which stage of the menstrual cycle was this uterus tissue taken from?
Luteal/secretory stage
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Endometrium
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Myometrium
Name the organ of the female reproductive system
Oviduct
Name the organ of the female reproductive system
Cervix
Name the tissue of the female reproductive system
Lactating mammary gland
Name the tissue of the female reproductive system
Inactive mammary gland
In which stage to primary oocytes remain arrested?
Prophase of meiosis 1 until sexual maturity (primordial follicles)
Where are primordial follicles found?
In the superficial areas of the cortex
Which hormone are granulosa cells associated with?
FSH
Which hormone are theca interna cells associated with?
Have LH and FSH receptors which cause the secretion of oestrogen
Name the follicle type
Unilaminar primary follicle
Name the follicle type
Multilaminar primary follicle
Name the follicle type
Multilaminar primary follicle
Name the follicle type
Secondary follicle
What is the corpus albicans?
Scar of C.T at site of corpus luteum following its involution
Uterine tube epithelium
Proliferative/follicular phase: tall ciliated columnar
Secretory/luteal phase: low columnar/cuboidal + peg cells
Name the structure
Corpus luteum
What do the cells of the granulosa lutein produce?
Progesterone
What do the cells of the theca lutein produce?
Oestrogen
What occurs to the stratum basalis of the endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle?
Remains unchanged
What occurs to the stratum functionalis of the endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle?
Proliferates and sheds
Endocervix epithelium
Simple columnar with mucous secreting glands
Ectocervix epithelium
Stratified squamous
Vagina epithelium
Stratified squamous, non-keratinised
Name the organ
Vagina
Unit of the breast
Terminal duct-lobular unit
Type of gland of breast
Compound tubulo-acinar gland
Cells that line the ducts of mammary glands
Glandular epithelial cells
Name the structure
Nipple
Method of secretion of proteins in breast milk
Merocrine
Method of secretion of lipids in breast milk
Apocrine
What classification of epithelium lines the minor calyx?
Transitional epithelium
In oogenesis, when is meiosis 2 completed?
When the oocyte is fertilised
Specialised Blood vessels of renal medulla
Vasa recta
Specialised blood vessels of renal cortex
Glomeruli
Identify structure A
Extralobular/interlobular duct
Identify structure A
Intralobular duct
Identify structure A
Fibrocollagenous CT
Identify structure A
Rudimentary secretory acini
Identify structure A
Loose intralobular CT
Characteristics of glands during the menstrual phase
Large, engorged with blood
Characteristics of glands during proliferative phase
Straight
Characteristics of glands during secretory/luteal phase
Long, corkscrew shape
Which structure of the male reproductive system is this?
Epididymis
Epithelium of parietal layer of bowman’s capsule
Simple squamous epithelium
Cells that make up the visceral layer of bowmans capsule
Podocytes
Role of the macula densa
Senses the sodium content of fluid in the DCT
Smooth muscle in the bladder name
Detrusor muscle
Role of stereocilia in the epididymis
Absorb excess fluid from tubules
At what stage is meiosis 2 arrested at ovulation?
Metaphase
Theca folliculi role
Brings LH + FSH in to the follicle and secretes oestrogen
Role of non ciliated peg cells in oviduct
Secrete glycoproteins for nutrition
What do uterine glands secrete during secretory phase?
Glycogen
What is the macula densa?
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
