Test 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What type of gland does the urinary system act as?
A
Endocrine gland (producing renin and erythropoietin)
2
Q
Structure separating each medullary pyramid
A
Renal column
3
Q
Found at the apical portion of the renal pyramids
A
Renal papilla
4
Q
Identify the organ
A
Kidney
5
Q
Identify the structure
A
Capsule of kidney
6
Q
Which vessels are found at the corticomedullary junction?
A
Arcuate arteries and veins
7
Q
Which arteriole carries blood into the glomerulus?
A
Afferent arteriole
8
Q
Which arteriole carries blood out of the glomerulus?
A
Efferent arteriole
9
Q
Characterisation of the kidney cortex
A
Renal corpuscles and associated tubules
10
Q
Characterisation of kidney medulla
A
Thin and thick limbs of loops of Henle, collecting tubules and ducts, vasa recta
11
Q
Where are vasa recta found?
A
Renal medulla
12
Q
Where are glomeruli found?
A
Renal cortex
13
Q
Which structure is this?
A
Renal cortex
14
Q
What structure is this?
A
Renal medulla
15
Q
Which feature is shown here?
A
Medullary rays
16
Q
Which feature is shown here?
A
Medullary rays
17
Q
What makes up a nephron?
A
Renal corpuscle and tubule
18
Q
What makes up a renal corpuscle?
A
Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule
19
Q
What is the vascular pole of the glomerulus?
A
Site where arterioles enter and exit
20
Q
What is the urinary pole of a glomerulus?
A
Where the tubular portion of the nephron begins
21
Q
Epithelium of Bowman’s capsule
A
Simple squamous epithelium
22
Q
Space between visceral and parietal layers of bowman’s capsule
A
Urinary space
23
Q
What is the mesangium made up from?
A
Shared Glomerular basement membrane space containing mesangial cells
24
Q
What are mesangial cells found along the vascular pole of the corpuscle called?
A
Lacis cells
25
What 3 components make up the glomerular filtration barrier?
1.capillary endothelium
2.glomerular basement membrane
3.visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule = podocytes
26
Major divisions of a nephron
1.renal corpuscle
2.proximal convoluted tubule
3.loop of henle
4.distal convoluted tubule
4.collecting tubule
27
Which feature is shown here?
Renal corpuscle
28
Which feature is shown here?
Vascular pole of corpuscle
29
Which feature is shown here?
Urinary pole of corpuscle
30
Which feature is shown here?
Macula densa
31
Which feature is shown here?
Collecting duct
32
Which feature is shown here?
Thick limb
33
Which feature is shown here?
Thin limb of loop of henle (simple squamous)
34
Which feature is shown here?
Vasa recta
35
Which feature is shown here in the centre?
Proximal convoluted tubule
36
Which feature is shown here in the centre?
Distal convoluted tubule
37
Which is the longest segment of the nephron?
Proximal convoluted tubule
38
Role of proximal convoluted tubule
Responsible for resorption of water, protein, amino acids etc.
39
Epithelium of proximal convoluted tubule
Simple cuboidal with brush border
40
Epithelium of thick limb of loop of henle
Low cuboidal (large, few cells)
41
Epithelium of thin limb of loop of henle
Simple squamous epithelium (few cells, ~4)
42
What forms the countercurrent exchange system in the kidneys?
The vasa recta
43
Loop of henle function
Creation of the hypertonic environment in the medulla
44
Distal convoluted tubule epithelium
Simple cuboidal, more cells than proximal but no brush border
45
Difference between DCT and PCT
PCT is hairy with a less distinct lumen, DCT has shorter cells
46
Epithelium of collecting ducts and tubules
Cuboidal/low columnar simple epithelium
47
Which feature is shown here by *?
Collecting ducts
48
Function of the distal convoluted tubule
Maintains Acid-base and water balance
49
Function of collecting tubules and ducts
Control re absorption of water
50
Macula densa
51
Components of juxtaglomerular apparatus
1. Macula densa
2. Juxtaglomerular cells
3. Lacis cells
52
Juxtaglomerular cells characteristics
Modified smooth muscle cells in walls of afferent arteriole
53
Juxtaglomerular cell function
Secrete renin
54
Lacis cells characteristics
Modified mesangial cells outside corpuscle
55
Which epithelium is this?
Urothelium (transitional epithelium)
56
Which epithelium is this?
Urothelium (transitional)
57
Which structure is this?
Ureter
58
Which structure is this?
Urinary bladder
59
Epithelium of female urethra
Transitional, changes to stratified squamous near opening
60
What does TA represent in this diagram?
The tunica albuginea
61
Where are Sertoli cells found?
Seminiferous tubules
62
What structure is this?
Testis and epididymis
63
What structure is this found in the male reproductive system?
Efferent ductule (scalloped inner margin)
64
What structure is this found in the male reproductive system?
Epididymis (smooth luminal margin)
65
Which cell type is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Dark spermatogonium
66
Which sperm cells lie on the basal lamina, at the edge of the seminiferous tubules?
Spermatogonia (dark+light)
67
Which cell type is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Primary spermatocyte
68
Which sperm cell is largest with strands of chromatin visible?
Primary spermatocytes
69
Which sperm cells are short-lived and thus difficult to see?
Secondary spermatocytes
70
Which cell type is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Myoid cell (contractile)
71
Which cell type is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Leydig cells
72
Which cell type is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Sertoli cells
73
Which structure is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Tunica vasculosa
74
Which structure is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Tunica albuginea
75
Which cell is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Round spermatid
76
Which cell is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Spermatozoa
77
Which structure is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Rete testis (simple cuboidal/low columnar epithelium, cilia + microvilli)
78
Which structure is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Vas deferens
79
Which structure is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Prostate gland
80
Which structure is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Corpora amylacea
81
Which structure is this, found in the male reproductive system?
Glandular epithelium (tubuloalveolar)
82
Cells found in/around seminiferous tubules?
1. Sertoli cells
2. Spermatogenic cells
3.myoid cells
4. Leydig cells
83
Myoid cell function
Contractile, move non-motile sperm through tubules
84
In which phase are most spermatocytes seen?
Prophase of meiosis 1
85
Leydig cells function and location
Synthesise and secrete testosterone, store cholesterol (precursor) in lipid droplets
lie close to capillaries
86
Sertoli cells function
Support, protection and nutrition of developing spermatogenic cells - secrete tubular fluid and inhibin hormone
87
Epithelial divisions of the blood-testis barrier
1. Adluminal compartment: secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, spermatozoa
2. Basal compartment: spermatogonia + primary spermatocytes
88
Intratesticular duct system
Seminiferous tubules - straight tubules - rete testis - efferent ductules (continue to epididymis)
89
Excurrent duct system
Epididymis - vas deferens
90
Efferent ductules epithelium
Ciliated columnar + Pseudostratified cuboidal
91
Efferent ductule epithelial cells function
1. Tall ciliated cells: propel non motile spermatozoa
2. Short non ciliated cells: re absorb testicular fluid
92
Epididymis epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium (with stereocilia)
93
Vas deferens epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
94
Glands found in prostate
Tubulo-alveolar glandular units - Pseudostratified epithelium
95
Seminal vesicle gland type
Convoluted tubulo-saccular glands (Pseudostratified epithelium)
96
Prostatic urethra epithelium
Urothelium
97
Membranous urethra epithelium
Stratified columnar epithelium
98
Penile urethra epithelium
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
99
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Oocyte
100
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Antrum
101
Name the epithelium in the female reproductive system
Germinal epithelium
102
Name the organ of the female reproductive system
Ovary
103
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Atretic follicle
104
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Graafian follicle
105
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Zona pellucida
106
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Primordial follicle
107
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Tunica albuginea
108
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Ovarian surface epithelium
109
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Granulosa cells
110
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Theca folliculi
111
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Cumulous oophorus
112
At which stage of the menstrual cycle was this uterus tissue taken from?
Menstrual stage
113
At which stage of the menstrual cycle was this uterus tissue taken from?
Luteal/secretory stage
114
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Endometrium
115
Name the highlighted feature of the female reproductive system
Myometrium
116
Name the organ of the female reproductive system
Oviduct
117
Name the organ of the female reproductive system
Cervix
118
Name the tissue of the female reproductive system
Lactating mammary gland
119
Name the tissue of the female reproductive system
Inactive mammary gland
120
In which stage to primary oocytes remain arrested?
Prophase of meiosis 1 until sexual maturity (primordial follicles)
121
Where are primordial follicles found?
In the superficial areas of the cortex
122
Which hormone are granulosa cells associated with?
FSH
123
Which hormone are theca interna cells associated with?
Have LH and FSH receptors which cause the secretion of oestrogen
124
Name the follicle type
Unilaminar primary follicle
125
Name the follicle type
Multilaminar primary follicle
126
Name the follicle type
Multilaminar primary follicle
127
Name the follicle type
Secondary follicle
128
What is the corpus albicans?
Scar of C.T at site of corpus luteum following its involution
129
Uterine tube epithelium
Proliferative/follicular phase: tall ciliated columnar
Secretory/luteal phase: low columnar/cuboidal + peg cells
130
Name the structure
Corpus luteum
131
What do the cells of the granulosa lutein produce?
Progesterone
132
What do the cells of the theca lutein produce?
Oestrogen
133
What occurs to the stratum basalis of the endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle?
Remains unchanged
134
What occurs to the stratum functionalis of the endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle?
Proliferates and sheds
135
Endocervix epithelium
Simple columnar with mucous secreting glands
136
Ectocervix epithelium
Stratified squamous
137
Vagina epithelium
Stratified squamous, non-keratinised
138
Name the organ
Vagina
139
Unit of the breast
Terminal duct-lobular unit
140
Type of gland of breast
Compound tubulo-acinar gland
141
Cells that line the ducts of mammary glands
Glandular epithelial cells
142
Name the structure
Nipple
143
Method of secretion of proteins in breast milk
Merocrine
144
Method of secretion of lipids in breast milk
Apocrine
145
What classification of epithelium lines the minor calyx?
Transitional epithelium
146
In oogenesis, when is meiosis 2 completed?
When the oocyte is fertilised
147
Specialised Blood vessels of renal medulla
Vasa recta
148
Specialised blood vessels of renal cortex
Glomeruli
149
Identify structure A
Extralobular/interlobular duct
150
Identify structure A
Intralobular duct
151
Identify structure A
Fibrocollagenous CT
152
Identify structure A
Rudimentary secretory acini
153
Identify structure A
Loose intralobular CT
154
Characteristics of glands during the menstrual phase
Large, engorged with blood
155
Characteristics of glands during proliferative phase
Straight
156
Characteristics of glands during secretory/luteal phase
Long, corkscrew shape
157
Which structure of the male reproductive system is this?
Epididymis
158
Epithelium of parietal layer of bowman’s capsule
Simple squamous epithelium
159
Cells that make up the visceral layer of bowmans capsule
Podocytes
160
Role of the macula densa
Senses the sodium content of fluid in the DCT
161
Smooth muscle in the bladder name
Detrusor muscle
162
Role of stereocilia in the epididymis
Absorb excess fluid from tubules
163
At what stage is meiosis 2 arrested at ovulation?
Metaphase
164
Theca folliculi role
Brings LH + FSH in to the follicle and secretes oestrogen
165
Role of non ciliated peg cells in oviduct
Secrete glycoproteins for nutrition
166
What do uterine glands secrete during secretory phase?
Glycogen
167
What is the macula densa?
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
