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Geog 272 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

remote Sensing

A

acquiring information about a subject without coming into physical contact with it, through use of EMR

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2
Q

Electromagnetic waves

A

Require water and transmit energy

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3
Q

wavelength

A

the distance between wave crests

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4
Q

Frequency

A

number of crests passed in one second

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5
Q

What are the Visible wavelengths?

A

400-700 nm

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6
Q

What are the NIR wavelengths?

A

0.7-1.3 um
7-1.3 nm

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7
Q

What are the IR wavelengths?

A

700 nm-1mm

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8
Q

What wavelengths is SW?

A

2.5 um

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9
Q

What wavelength is LW?

A

2.5um-1mm

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10
Q

What happens are energy increases?

A

Frequency increases and wavelength becomes shorter

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11
Q

Source of passive energy?

A

Natural, like the sun

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12
Q

Source of active energy?

A

Sensor emits radiation
LIDAR and RADAR

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13
Q

What is spectral resolution?

A

the number, location, and bandwidths of EM spectrum and specific sensor is sensitive to

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14
Q

What is spatial resolution?

A

Relative to spectral response function; how close objects we can discriminate

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15
Q

what is multi-spectral?

A

10s of bands

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16
Q

what is hyper-spectral?

A

100s of bands

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17
Q

What is temporal?

A

How frequently we can get the data

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18
Q

What does temporal depend on?

A

Orbit, Field of View, and radiometric

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19
Q

What is swath?

A

The width of the coverage
higher the resolution the smaller the swath

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20
Q

What is radiometric?

A

How many different intensity levels can be discriminated by the remote sensor within a specific band?

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21
Q

What are the 3 ways to transfer energy from one place or object to another?

A

Conduction, Convection, Radiation

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22
Q

Radiant Flux

A

energy delivered to a surface in a unit of time

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23
Q

Irradiance

A

Radiation that strikes the surface

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24
Q

Exitance

A

rate at which radiation is emitted from a unit area

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25
Q

Radiance

A

radiant flux emitted, reflected, transmitted or received by a unit solid angle per unit projected area

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26
Q

Spectral radiance

A

Radiance of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength

27
Q

Planck’s Law

A

describes the spectral density of EM radiation emitted by a black body in thermal equilibrium at a given temperature T

28
Q

Stefan-Boltzmann Law

A

Defines the relationship between total emitted radiation (W) and temperature

29
Q

Wien’s displacement law

A

Specifies the relationship between wavelength of radiation emitted and the temperature of a blackbody

30
Q

what is scattering

A

redirection of EM energy by particles suspended in the atm or by large molecules of atm gasses

31
Q

What does scattering depend on?

A

sizes of particles, abundance, wavelength of radiation, depth of atm

32
Q

Reyleight scattering

A

Particle sizes are small compared to wavelength of em radiation
Dominant high in the atm
wavelength dependent
1/λ^4

33
Q

Mie scattering

A

caused by larger atmospheric particles
occurs with particles that are 0.1 to 10 times the size of the wavelength
wavelength dependent
absorbs more in short wavelength
scatter more in longwave

34
Q

Nonselective

A

wavelength is MUCH SMALLER than the particle size
is not wavelength dependent

35
Q

absorption

A

occurs when the atm prevents transmissions of radiation or its energy through the atm

36
Q

Refraction

A

bending of light rays at the contact area between two media that transmit light
Snells law

37
Q

Reflectance

A

fraction of reflected flux to the incident flux

38
Q

Absorbance

A

Fraction of absorbed flux to the incident flux

39
Q

Transmittance

A

Fraction of transmitted flux to the incident flux

40
Q

Reflections

A

a ray of light is redirected as it strikes a nontransparent surface

41
Q

Spectral Reflectance

A

the surface is smooth, redirects all, or almost all, of the incident radiation in a single direction

42
Q

Diffusive Reflectance

A

Surface is rough and energy is scattered in all directions

43
Q

Lambertian surface

A

reflects light equally in all directions

44
Q

Backwards scattering

A

Sun is behind the observer hiding most of the shadows
Reflection will be high

45
Q

The bright spot in backwards scattering

A

hot spot

46
Q

Nadir Observations

A

Reflectance will have medium values
0 incident angle

47
Q

Forward Scattering

A

sun and viewer are in opposite directions
reflectance will have low values

48
Q

Hot Spot

A

Occurs when the azimuth and zenith angle are equal to the sun

49
Q

Anisotropy factor

A

The ratio of the radiance at a specific viewing geometry divided by the radiance at a nadir viewing geometry

50
Q

Bidirectional reflectance distribution function

A

A mathematical description of the optical behavior of a surface with respect to angles of illumination and observation, given that is has been illuminated with a parallel beam of light at a specific azimuth and elevation

51
Q

What is the dominating factor when measuring in visible for vegetation?

A

Leaf pigment, low reflectance causes green

52
Q

What is the dominating factor when measuring in NIR for vegetation?

A

Multiple scattering within the cell structure

53
Q

What is the dominating factor when measuring in SWIR for vegetation?

A

two absorption areas caused by water in the leaf

54
Q

Reflectance in soil depends on?

A

Soil moisture, organic matter, soil texture, and iron oxide

55
Q

How does increasing soil moisture content change reflectance?

A

Inverse relationship, as soil moisture goes up, reflectance goes down

56
Q

How does increasing organic matter content change reflectance?

A

decreases reflectance

57
Q

How does increasing soil texture change reflectance?

A

Portion of clay, silt, and ssand affects the ability to contain moisture and roughness

58
Q

what particle size leads to high reflectance?

A

finer particles

59
Q

Coarse particles have _________ reflectance?

A

lower

60
Q

Does water absorb or reflect more?

A

more absorption

61
Q

Describe the reflectance spectral plot for snow

A

High reflectance near 1 in the visible and decreases in the near IR with reflectance near to 0 from 1.5 um.

62
Q

How does reflectance act with age?

A

it decreases with age, fresh snow has high reflectance than ice

63
Q

Surface Albedo

A

the ratio of the radiant flux reflected from a unit surface area into the whole hemisphere to the incident radiant flux of hemisphere to the incident radiant flux or hemispherical angular extent

64
Q

atmospheric correction

A

To perform quantitative analyses of RS data requires removal
of the atmospheric effects from the measurements

Geog 272 (3 decks)

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