Test 1

Question 1

Set of detailed methods, procedures, and routines that carry out specific activities, perform a duty, achieve goals or objectives, or solve one or more problems.

Answer 1

System

Question 2

Occurs when a subsystem’s goals are inconsistent with the goals of another subsystem or with the system as a whole

Answer 2

Goal Conflict

Question 3

Most systems are composed of smaller __ that support the larger system

Answer 3

subsystems

Question 4

Occurs when a subsystem achieves its goals while contributing to the organization’s overall goal

Answer 4

Goal Congruence

Question 5

Facts that are collected, recorded, stored, and processed by an information system

Answer 5

Data

Question 6

Data that have been organized and processed to provide meaning and context that can improve the decision making process

Answer 6

Information

Question 7

Data is most useful when it is in a _____ format that can be read and processed by a computer

Answer 7

Machine readable

Question 8

XBRL improves:

Answer 8

• Reliability
• Relevance
• Accessibility
• Understandability
• Timeliness

Question 9

Exceeding the amount of information a human mind can absorb and process, resulting in a decline in decision-making quality and an increase in the cost of providing the information

Answer 9

Information Overload

Question 10

The computers and other electronic devices used to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data

Answer 10

Information Technology

Question 11

The benefit provided by information minus the cost of producing it

Answer 11

Value of information

Question 12

Value of information benefits:

Answer 12

• reduced uncertainty
• improved decisions
• improved ability to plan and schedule activities

Question 13

Value of information costs:

Answer 13

the time and resources spent to produce and distribute the information

Question 14

The combination of people and technologies in an organization that collect, record, store, and process data to produce the information needed to make informed decisions

Answer 14

Information System

Question 15

Components of an information system

Answer 15

• People
• Organization
• Technology

Question 16

A set of related, coordinated, and structured activities and tasks, performed by a person, a computer, or a machine that helps accomplish a specific organizational goal

Answer 16

Business Process

Question 17

An agreement between two entities to exchange goods and services, such as selling inventory in exchange for cash; any other event that can be measured in economic terms by an organization

Answer 17

Transaction

Question 18

Process of capturing transaction data, processing it, storing it for later use, and producing information output, such as managerial report or a financial statement

Answer 18

Transaction Processing

Question 19

Transactions that happen a great many times, such as giving up cash to get inventory from a supplier and giving employees a paycheck in exchange for their labor

Answer 19

Give-get exchange

Question 20

5 major give-get exchanges that occur frequently in most companies

Answer 20

1) Revenue Cycle
2) Expenditure Cycle
3) HR and Payroll Cycle
4) Production or Conversion Cycle
5) Financing Cycle

Question 21

Information providing operations involved in updating the general ledger and preparing reports for both management and external parties

Answer 21

General ledger and reporting system

Question 22

A system that collects, records, stores, and processes data to produce information for decision makers. It includes people, procedures, and infrastructure data, software, info. technology infrastructure, and internal controls and security measures

Answer 22

Accounting Information System

Question 23

The systematic and comprehensive recording of an organizations financial transactions, including summary, analyzing, and reporting these transactions to all users

Answer 23

Accounting

Question 24

6 components of an AIS

Answer 24

1) People who use the system
2) procedures and instructions used to collect, process, and store data
3) The data about the organization and its business activities
4) The software used to process the data
5) IT infrastructure
6) Internal controls and security measures that safeguard AIS data

Question 25

3 Important business functions

Answer 25

1) collect and store data about organizational activities, resources, and personnel 2) Transform data into information so management can plan, execute, control, and evaluate activities, resources, and personnel 3) Provide adequate controls to safeguard the organizations assets and data

Question 26

The use of computer systems to simulate human intelligence processes such as learning, reasoning, and self-improvement

Answer 26

Artificial Intelligence

Question 27

Use of software and algorithms to find and solve problems and improve business performance

Answer 27

Business Analytics

Question 28

Interactive real-time display of key indicators of operating performance; display of important data points, metrics, and key performance indicators in easily understood data visualizations such as line or bar charts, tables or gauges

Answer 28

Data Dashboard

Question 29

Individual digital records, called blocks, lined together using cryptography in a single list, called a chain

Answer 29

Blockchain - The blockchain isn’t stored in a single location. Instead it is a distributed ledger of hashed documents that functions as a decentralized database - single point of failure

Question 30

Blockchain works:

Answer 30

1) initiate transaction 2) validate transaction 3) create a block 4) calculate and insert a hash 5) complete transaction

Question 31

Running multiple systems simultaneously on one physical computer

Answer 31

Virtualization

Question 32

Using a browser to remotely access software, data storage, hardware, and applications

Answer 32

Cloud computing

Question 33

Embedding sensors

Answer 33

Embedding sensors in devices so they can connect to the internet

Question 34

Factors influencing design of the AIS

Answer 34

1) organizational culture 2) business strategy 3) information technology

Question 35

Linking all primary and support activities in a business. value is added as a product passes through the chain

Answer 35

Value chain

Question 36

value chain activities that produce, market, and deliver products and services to customers and provide post delivery service and support

Answer 36

Primary Activities

Question 37

value chain activities such as firm infrastructure, technology, purchasing, and human resources that enable primary activities to be performed efficiently and effectively

Answer 37

Support activities

Question 38

5 Primary activities

Answer 38

1. Inbound logistics 2. operations 3. outbound logistics 4. marketing and sales 5. service

Question 39

An organization's value chain is a part of a larger system called a ___

Answer 39

supply chain

Question 40

An extended system that includes an organizations value chain as well as its suppliers, distributors, and customers

Answer 40

Supply Chain

Question 41

Supply chain order

Answer 41

1) raw materials supplier 2) manufacturer 3) distributor 4) retailer 5) customer

Question 42

Data Processing Cycle

Answer 42

Data input -> Data processing -> Information output Data storage <-> data processing

Question 43

The four operations (data input, data storage, data processing, and information output) performed on data to generate meaningful and relevant information

Answer 43

Data Processing Cycle

Question 44

Documents used to capture transaction data at its source - when the transaction takes place

Answer 44

Source data ex. sales order, purchase order, employee time cards

Question 45

Records of company data sent to an external party and then returned to the system as input. In machine-readable form to facilitate their subsequent processing as scan no input records. An example is a utility bill.

Answer 45

Turnaround Documents

Question 46

The collection of transaction data in machine-readable form at the time and place of origin. Examples are point-of-sale terminals and ATMs.

Answer 46

Source data automation -XBRL

Question 47

Data Input Steps

Answer 47

1) Capture transaction data and enter into system 2) captured data is accurate and complete (ex. source data automation) 3) make sure company policies are followed, such as approving or verifying a transaction

Question 48

A ledger that contains summary-level data for every asset, liability, equity, revenue, and expense account

Answer 48

General Ledger

Question 49

Contains detailed data for any general ledger account with many individual sub-accounts

Answer 49

Subsidiary ledger

Question 50

A journal used to record infrequent or non-routine sales transactions, such as loan payments and end of- period adjusting and closing entries.

Answer 50

General Journal

Question 51

Records large numbers of repetitive transactions such as sales, cash receipts, and cash distributions

Answer 51

Specialized journal

Question 52

A path that allows a transaction to be traced through a data processing system from point of sale origin to output or backwards from output to point of origin. It is used to check the accuracy and validity of ledger postings and to trace changes in general ledger accounts from their beginning balance to their ending balance.

Answer 52

Audit Trail

Question 53

The properties, identifying numbers, and characteristics of interest of an entity stored in a database. Examples are employee number, pay rate, name, and address.

Answer 53

Attributes

Question 54

A group of related records

Answer 54

File

Question 55

permanent file of records that stores cumulative data about an organization. As transactions take place, individual records within a master file are updated to keep them current.

Answer 55

Master File

Question 56

file that contains the individual business transactions that occur during a specific fiscal period

Answer 56

Transaction File. A transaction file is conceptually similar to a journal in a manual AlS

Question 57

A set of interrelated, centrally controlled data files stored with as little data redundancy as possible. Consolidates records previously stored in separate files into common pool and serves a variety of users and data processing applications

Answer 57

database ex, an accounts receivable file might be combined with customer, sales analysis, and related files to form a customer database

Question 58

Data Processing activities

Answer 58

CRUD - Creating - new data records - Reading - retrieving or viewing existing data - Updating - previously stored data - Deleting - deleting data and purging

Question 59

Accumulating transaction records into groups or batches for processing at a regular interval such as daily or weekly. The records are usually sorted into some sequence (such as numerically or alphabetically) before processing.

Answer 59

Batch Processing

Question 60

The computer system processes data immediately after capture and provides updated information to users at a timely basis

Answer 60

Real-time processing

Question 61

Records of transaction or other company data. Examples include checks, invoices, receiving reports, and purchase requisitions

Answer 61

Documents

Question 62

Used by employees to control operational activities and by managers to make decisions and formulate business strategies

Answer 62

Reports

Question 63

A request for the database to provide the information needed to deal with a problem or answer a question. The information is retrieved, displayed or printed, and/or analyzed as requested

Answer 63

Query

Question 64

A regular contract with the terms and agreed upon details built into the block chain: The organization using the blockchain establishes the rules that govern the blockchain's interaction with users. An organization can automate the execution of a smart contract based on external triggers.

Answer 64

Smart Contract

Question 65

Systems that integrate all aspects of an organization's activities--such as accounting finance, marketing, human resources, manufacturing, inventory management- into one system. An ERP system is modularized; companies can purchase the individual modules that meet their specific needs. An ERP facilitates information flow among the company's various business functions and manages communications with outside stakeholders.

Answer 65

Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP)

Question 66

Typical ERP modules include:

Answer 66

- Financial - HR and Payroll - Order to cash (revenue cycle) - Purchase to pay (distribution cycle) - Manufacturing (production cycle) - Project management - customer relationship management - system tools

Question 67

Visual way to describe the different steps or activities in a business process

Answer 67

Business Process Diagram (BPD)

Question 68

An analytical technique that uses a standard set of symbols to describe pictorially some aspect of an IS in a clear, concise, and logical manner; used to record how business processes are performed and how documents flow through and organization

Answer 68

Flowchart

Question 69

Illustrate the flow of documents and data among areas of responsibility within an organization, from cradle to grave; shows where each system document originates, its distribution, its purposes, and its ultimate disposition.

Answer 69

Document flowchart

Question 70

Used to describe, analyze, and evaluate internal controls. Including identifying system strengths, weaknesses, and inefficiencies

Answer 70

Internal control flowchart

Question 71

Depicts the relationships among system input, processing, storage, and output

Answer 71

System Flowchart

Question 72

Illustrates the sequence of logical operations performed by a computer in executing a program

Answer 72

Program flowchart

Question 73

a powerful network of hijacked computers (zombies) that are used to attack systems or spread malware

Answer 73

Botnet

Question 74

Stealing (snarfing) contact lists, images, and other data using flaws in Bluetooth applications.

Answer 74

Bluesnaring

Question 75

Inputting so much data that the input buffer overflows. The overflow contains code that takes control of the computer

Answer 75

Buffer overflow attack

Question 76

Planting a chip that records transaction data in a legitimate credit card reader

Answer 76

Chipping

Question 77

An attack designed to make computer resources unavailable to its users. For example, sending so many e-mail messages that the Internet service provider’s e-mail server is overloaded and shuts down.

Answer 77

Denial-of-service attack

Question 78

A wireless network with the same name as another wireless access point. Users unknowingly connect to the evil twin; hackers monitor the traffic looking for useful information.

Answer 78

Evil Twin

Question 79

Using spyware to record a user’s keystrokes.

Answer 79

Keylogger

Question 80

Inserting a sleeve into an ATM that prevents it from ejecting the card. The perpetrator pretends to help the victim, tricking the person into entering the PIN again. Once the victim gives up and leaves, the thief removes the card and uses it and the PIN to withdraw money.

Answer 80

lebanese looping

Question 81

A hacker placing himself between a client and a host to intercept network traffic; also called session hijacking.

Answer 81

Man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack

Question 82

Inspecting information packets as they travel across computer networks.

Answer 82

Packet sniffers

Question 83

Communications that request recipients to disclose confidential information by responding to an e-mail or visiting a website.

Answer 83

Phishing

Question 84

1. Clandestine use of someone’s Wi-Fi network. 2. Tapping into a communications line and entering a system by latching onto a legitimate user. 3. Bypassing physical security controls by entering a secure door when an authorized person opens it.

Answer 84

Piggybacking

Question 85

Software that encrypts programs and data until a ransom is paid to remove it.

Answer 85

Ransomware

Question 86

A means of concealing system components and malware from the operating system and other programs; can also modify the operating system.

Answer 86

Rookit

Question 87

Truncating interest calculations at two decimal places and placing truncated amounts in the perpetrator’s account.

Answer 87

Round-down fraud

Question 88

Stealing tiny slices of money over time

Answer 88

Salami Technique

Question 89

When perpetrators look over a person’s shoulders in a public place to get information such as ATM PIN numbers or user IDs and passwords.

Answer 89

Shoulder surfing

Question 90

Double-swiping a credit card in a legitimate terminal or covertly swiping a credit card in a small, hidden, handheld card reader that records credit card data for later use.

Answer 90

Skimming

Question 91

Techniques that trick a person into disclosing confidential information.

Answer 91

Social Engineering

Question 92

Altering some part of an electronic communication to make it look as if someone else sent the communication to gain the trust of the recipient. Many things are spoofed, such as email addresses, caller IDs, IP addresses, address resolution protocols, SMS messages, web pages, and domain name systems.

Answer 92

Spoofing

Question 93

data within a large MP3 or other file (often image files).

Answer 93

Steganography - Concealing

Question 94

Inserting a malicious SQL query such that it is passed to and executed by an application program

Answer 94

SQL insertion (injection)

Question 95

Unauthorized code in an authorized and properly functioning program.

Answer 95

Trojan horse

Question 96

Websites with names similar to real websites; users making typographical errors are sent to a site filled with malware.

Answer 96

Typosquatting /URL hijacking

Question 97

Executable code that attaches itself to software, replicates itself, and spreads to other systems or files. When triggered, it makes unauthorized alterations to the way a system operates.

Answer 97

Virus

Question 98

Similar to a virus; a program rather than a code segment hidden in a host program. Actively transmits itself to other systems. It usually does not live long but is quite destructive while alive.

Answer 98

Worm

Question 99

A vulnerability in dynamic web pages that allows an attacker to bypass a browser’s security mechanisms and instruct the victim’s browser to execute code, thinking it came from the desired website. (Malicious code embedded in a Web link.)

Answer 99

XSS attack