Test 1 Flashcards
Henge
A circular arrangement of megalithic stone usually surrounded by a ditch.
Narrative art
The picture was divided into three bands or registers with all figures placed on a common ground line. It tells a story, the largest figure is always most important
Acropolis
Greek, “high city.” In ancient Greece, usually the site of the city’s most important temple(s).
Jericho
Had natural water supply, and fortification and defense based structure.
Relief
In sculpture, figures projecting from a background of which they are part. The degree of relief is designated high, low (bas), or sunken.
Post & Lintel
A system of construction in which two posts support a lintel.
Pyramid
Most popular during old kingdom, were tombs as well.
Archaic
The artistic style of 600–480 bce in Greece, characterized in part by the use of the composite view for painted and relief figures and of Egyptian stances for statues.
Amarna
Break from traditional Egyptian worship of all gods in favor of Aton the sun god.
Corbeled Arch
An arch formed by the piling of stone blocks in horizontal courses, cantilevered inward until the blocks meet a keystone. (3 stones)
Sphinx
A mythical Egyptian beast with the body of a lion and the head of a human.
Doric Order
The Doric order is characterized by, among other features, capitals with funnel-shaped echinuses, columns without bases, and a frieze of triglyphs and metopes.
Old Kingdom
- Statuary types expressing the eternal nature of Pharaonic kingship.
- Construction of the great pyramids at Gizeh.
Twisted Perspective
Representation in which part of a figure is shown in profile and another part shown frontally.
Register/ Frieze
One of a series of superimposed bands or friezes in a pictorial narrative, or the particular levels on which motifs are placed.
The part of the entablature between the architrave and the cornice; also, any sculptured or painted band in a building.
Hierarchy of scale
An artistic convention in which greater size indicates greater importance.
Ionic Order
The Ionic order is characterized by, among other features, volutes, capitals, columns with bases, and an uninterrupted frieze.
Middle Kingdom
- After Civil war Mentuhotep II reestablished central rule and founded the middle kingdom.
- Rock-cut tombs become the preferred Egyptian burial sites.
Composite view
Representation in which part of a figure is shown in profile and another part shown frontally.
Ziggurat
An ancient Mesopotamian architecture design of a monumental Platform for a temple
Rock cut tomb
Started in old kingdom, became popular in the new kingdom replacing the mastaba as a standard for tombs. Rock Cut Tombs are cut into the side of a mountain or rock.
Black Figure
Dark figures against a light background of reddish clay with details cut into the surface.
New Kingdom
- Egypt expanded its borders to the Euphrates and south Nubia.
- Construction of grandiose pylon temples.
- Akenaton introduces a new religion and new art form.
Neolithic
- Humans will domesticate animals
- Humans organize into towns, farmers, herders, etc.
- Art becomes large and permeant
- Biggest difference between neolithic and Paleolithic is how food is gathered (no more hunter gatherer)
Cave Painting
Natural surface, unprepared.
Stele
A carved stone slab used to mark graves or commemorate historic occasions.
Cycladic art
Small geometric figurines that are believed to be vessels for peoples spirits when they die.
Red Figure
Silhouetted red figures against a black background.
Megalith
“great stone” A large hewn stone used in the construction of monumental prehistoric structures.
Hammurabi
First ruler to implement laws for his people.
Minoan
The prehistoric art of Crete, named after the legendary King Minos of Knossos.
Çatal Höyük
First wall paintings and landscape paintings.
Babylon
City of wonders, fabled city in many myths. Is where Ishtar gate comes from.
Mycenaean temple
- Concerned with defense
- Known for architecture
- Their megeron (most important building) became the structure of greek temple buildings.
Panatheniac Precession Frieze
Interior frieze of the
1-2
Figure 1-2 Waterworn pebble resembling a human face, from Makapansgat, South Africa, ca. Reddish brown jasperite, approx. 2 3/8” wide.
1-4
4 Human with feline head, from Hohlenstein-Stadel, Germany, ca. Mammoth ivory
1-8
Bison with turned head, fragmentary spearthrower, from La Madeleine, France. Reindeer horn.
1-17
Fig. 1-17 Landscape with volcanic eruption, watercolor copy of a wall painting from Level VII, Çatal Höyük, Turkey.
1-20
Figure 1-20 Aerial view of Stonehenge, Salisbury Plain, England, ca. 2550–1600 BCE. Circle is 97’ in diameter; trilithons 24’ high.
2-4
Figure 2-4 Female head (Inanna?), from Uruk (modern Warka), Iraq, ca.. Marble,
2-5
Figure 2-5 Presentation of offerings to Inanna (Warka Vase), from Uruk (modern Warka), Iraq, ca. 3200–3000 BCE. Alabaster.
2-10
Figure 2-10 Sound box of the bull-headed harp from tomb 789 (“King’s Grave”), Royal Cemetery, Ur (modern Tell Muqayyar), Iraq, . Wood, lapis lazuli, and shell.
2-18
Figure 2-18 Stele with law code of Hammurabi, from Susa, Iran, BCE. Basalt
2-24
Figure 2-24 Ishtar Gate (restored), Babylon, Iraq,
3-7
Figure 3-7 Great Pyramids, Gizeh, Egypt, Fourth Dynasty. From bottom: Pyramids of Menkaure,; Khafre, ca. E; and Khufu.
3-10
Figure 3-10 Great Sphinx (with Pyramid of Khafre in the background at left), Gizeh, Egypt, Fourth Dynasty, Sandstone.
3-13
Figure 3-13 Seated scribe, from Saqqara, Egypt, Fourth Dynasty, Painted limestone.
3-17
Figure 3-17 Rock-cut tombs BH 3-5, Beni Hasan, Egypt, 12th Dynasty,
3-23
Figure 3-23 Interior of the temple of Ramses II, Abu Simbel, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, Sandstone.
3-30
Figure 3-30 Akhenaton, from the temple of Aton, Karnak, Egypt, 18th Dynasty, Sandstone.
4-2
Figure 4-2 Figurine of a woman, from Syros (Cyclades), Greece, Marble.
4-3
Figure 4-3 Male lyre player, from Keros (Cyclades), Greece, Marble,
4-8
Figure 4-8 Bull-leaping, from the palace at Knossos (Crete), Greece, Fresco.
4-9
Figure 4-9 Landscape with swallows (Spring Fresco), from Room Delta 2, Akrotiri, Thera (Cyclades), Fresco.
4-12
Figure 4-12 Snake Goddess, from the palace at Knossos (Crete), Greece, Faience,
Figure 4-17 Three methods of spanning a passageway: (a) post and lintel, (b) corbeled arch, (c) arch.
5-2
Figure 5-2 Geometric krater, from the Dipylon cemetery, Athens, Greece.
5-7
Figure 5-7 Kouros, ca. 600 BCE. Marble.
5-9
Figure 5-9 Kroisos, from Anavysos, Greece, ca. 530 BCE. Marble.
5-13
Figure 5-13 Elevations of the Doric and Ionic orders.
5-43
5-43 Restored view of the Acropolis, Athens, Greece (John Burge). (1) Parthenon, (2) Propylaia, (3) pinakotheke, (4) Erechtheion, (5) Temple of Athena Nike.
5-45
Figure 5-54 Caryatids of the south porch of the Erechtheion, Acropolis, Athens, Greece, ca. 421–405 BCE. Marble, 7’ 7” high.
5-54
Figure 5-54 Caryatids of the south porch of the Erechtheion, Acropolis, Athens, Greece, ca. 421–405 BCE. Marble, 7’ 7” high.
5-82
Figure 5-82 Nike alighting on a warship (Nike of Samothrace), from Samothrace, Greece, ca. 190 BCE. Marble.
5-89
Figure 5-89 Laocoön and his sons, from Rome, Italy, early first century, Marble.
Atlantid
Male statue that replaces a column.
Caryantid
Female statue that replaces a column.
Paleolithic
First organized period
Came through Mesopotamia through trade.
Gilgamesh Motif
Winged bull with human head.
Lamassu
