Test #1

Question 1

Education Theories

Answer 1

Constructivism

Andragogy

Question 2

Constructivism

Answer 2

Reflecting on experiencing, content relevant to the learner, learning is active, understanding the information as a whole
Learning happens best in real world settings

Question 3

Andragogy

Answer 3

Adult learning
Learn through experience, learn through things relevant to them
Adults should be involved in planning and doing learning activities
Take responsibility for their own care
Learn when they are ready to learn

Question 4

SMART Goals

Answer 4

Specific
Measurable 
Attainable
Relevant
Time limited

Question 5

Domains of Learning

Answer 5

Cognitive - knowledge, comprehension, analysis, evaluation
Affective - attitudes, values, embodiment
Psychomotor - development of nursing skills and learning skills

Question 6

How to develop relational practice

Answer 6

Curiosity 
Being open to new knowledge 
Being comfortable with not knowing 
Being aware of your own limitations 
Tolerating uncertainty and complexity 
Willingness to be uncomfortable 
Willingness to look at situations with fresh eyes

Question 7

CNO: Ethics Practice Standards - Values

Answer 7

Client choice
Client well being
Privacy and confidentiality 
Respect for life
Maintain commitments 
Truthfulness
Fairness

Question 8

CNA: seven primary values

Answer 8

Provide safe ethical competent compassionate nursing care
Promote health and well being
Promote and respect informed decision making
Honour dignity
Maintain privacy and confidentiality
Promote justice
Being accountable

Question 9

CNO: code of conduct

Answer 9

1) nurses respect the dignity of patients and treat them as individuals
2) nurses work together to promote patient well being
3) nurses maintain patients trust by providing safe and competent care
4) nurses work respectfully with colleagues to best meet patient needs
5) nurses act with integrity to maintain patient trust
6) nurses maintain public confidence in the nursing profession

Question 10

4 domains of emotional intelligence

Answer 10

Self awareness
Self management
Relationship management
Social awareness

Question 11

5 modes of conflict management

Answer 11

Collaborating
Competing 
Compromising
Avoiding 
Accommodating

Question 12

Othering

Answer 12

The process that identifies those that are thought to be different from ourselves or the mainstream
Doing so reinforces positions of power and subordination
Power imbalances lead to marginalization, stereotyping, stigmatizing

Question 13

Reflection on action

Answer 13

Retrospective contemplation of practice undertaken in order to uncover knowledge used in practical situations by analyzing and interpreting a situation already happened. It involves:
Looking back after an event has happened
Past mortem
Discussion, reflective journal, thinking

Question 14

Reflection in Action

Answer 14

Thinking about one is doing while doing it, typically stimulated by surprise, gives the practitioner the chance to redesign what is being done while it’s being done
Analyzing, experiencing, thinking ahead, critically responding

Question 15

Reflection: the 5 W’s

Answer 15

What are you relating too
Who are you relating too
Why are you relating
When are you relating
Where are you relating

Question 16

Gibbs reflective cycle model

Answer 16

Description
Feelings
Evaluation
Analysis
Conclusion
Action plan

Question 17

Reflexivity

Answer 17

Examination of ones own beliefs, judgements, and practices
Personal analysis to affect our client relationships
Causes us to question our beliefs and assumptions to improve professional practice

Question 18

Nursing theory

Answer 18

Informs nursing practice, while nursing practice contributes to theory formation and application

Question 19

Meta paradigm of nursing theories

Answer 19

Person
Health
Environment
Nursing

Question 20

Person

Answer 20

Nurses interact with persons to provide holistic nursing care, healing partnerships, every person has distinct physical, psychological, social, spiritual, cultural, and developmental characteristics. The dimension of the person (family and friends) is important.

Question 21

Health

Answer 21

Health is a state of complete physical mental and social well being not just the absence of disease. Health is a subjective concept that is determined by each individual/community.

Question 22

Environmental

Answer 22

The totality of all things that affect a person, external and internal. Nursing practice can improve physical social cultural economic, environments as a means of improving health

Question 23

Nursing

Answer 23

Health promotion and illness prevention provided to individuals of all ages, families, groups, communities, sick or well, in all settings. Nurse recognize patients are experts regarding their own lives. Entering a partnership with clients and families where therapeutic and comforting care occur, ethical space is created, culturally safe relationships with clients and team members are enacted.

Question 24

Complexity theory

Answer 24

The universe is interdependent and relational
Relationships are all there is to reality
Not relating is not an option, we are always relating
How you relate affects and shapes people and situations

Question 25

developmental theory

Answer 25

human development occurs in sequential stages

each stage builds on the previous stage

Question 26

4 developmental theories

Answer 26

Erikson - psychosocial development
Piaget - cognitive developmet
Kohlberg & Gilligan - moral development
Maslow - basic human needs

Question 27

erikson’s psychosocial development

Answer 27

infancy - trust vs mistrust 
early childhood - autonomy vs shame and doubt
preschool - initiative vs guilt
school age - industry vs inferiority 
adolescence - identity vs role confusion
young adulthood - intimacy vs isolation
middle adulthood - generativity vs stagnation
maturity - ego integrity vs despair

Question 28

Piaget - Cognitive development

Answer 28

sensorimotor: 0-2
preoperational: 2-7
concrete operational: 7-11
formal operational: 11 and up

Question 29

Kohlberg and Gilligan - Moral Development

Answer 29

Preconventional: 3-7
conventional: 8-13
post conventional: adulthood

Question 30

importance of theory in nursing

Answer 30

helps us decide what we need to know
maintain professional boundaries
guides nursing practice and generates knowledge
describe and explain nursing
tells nurses why they are doing what they are doing

Question 31

levels of communication

Answer 31

intrapersonal
interpersonal
transpersonal
small group
public

Question 32

5 C’s of effective communication

Answer 32

clear 
concise
concrete
complete
courteous

Question 33

referent

Answer 33

motivation for communication (cue) (sights, sounds, messages)

Question 34

sender

Answer 34

person who initiates the conversation

Question 35

receiver

Answer 35

person who receives the message

Question 36

channel

Answer 36

the medium or method used to send a message (eg. face to face, phone, social media)

Question 37

noise in communication

Answer 37

physiological (pain, fatigue, sensory impairment)
psychological (stress, embarrassment, emotions, stereotypes)
environmental (equipment noises, distractions like TV, visitors)
semantic (language barrier, using jargon, complex terminology)

Question 38

relational practice competencies

Answer 38

authenticity
active listening
self awareness
empathy
rapport
trust
self disclosure and confidentiality 
mutuality and intentionality 
honouring complexity and ambiguity
reflective practice

Question 39

perception process

Answer 39

1) sensory stimulation
2) classify - labels
3) interpretation - seek more info

Question 40

therapeutic skills

Answer 40

clarification
probing/providing general leads
seeking clarification 
acknowledging/share observations
restating/paraphrasing
silence
summarizing

Question 41

criteria for appropriate use of humour

Answer 41

timing
receptivity
content

Question 42

client centered communication

Answer 42

promote individualized quality of health outcomes
provide clients with opening they need to tell their story
goes beyond problem focused and needs based solution
understand and incorporate the clients worldview, values, and preferences
an ongoing exchange

Question 43

non therapeutic communication - negative responses

Answer 43

false reassurance 
giving advice
false inferences
overgeneralizing 
belittling client feelings
moralizing
expressing approval or disapproval 
social responses or cliches

Question 44

non therapeutic communication - ten traps

Answer 44

giving unwanted advice
close ended questions
changing the subject in the middle of the conversation
automatic response
false reassurance
expressing approval or disapproval
defensive response
professional jargon
using leading or biased questions
talking to much
interrupting
"why" questions
using authority

Question 45

confidentiality

Answer 45

providing only the information needed to provide care for the client to other health professionals on a need to know basis
consider:
- release of information
- unwanted visitation 
- public discussion of patients
- pictures without consent
- sharing of identifiable data

Question 46

relational inquiry

Answer 46

allows nurses to understand and relate to the interpersonal, interpersonal, and contextual forces shaping each nursing situation - aimed toward the patient, nurses, and overall system well being