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Nurs 1511 > Exam Review > Flashcards

Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

primary groups

A
  • formed early in life

- close personal relationships

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2
Q

secondary groups

A
  • less personalized
  • time limited relationships
  • prescribed structure
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3
Q

characteristics of small groups: group purpose

A

provides direction for the groups decisions

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4
Q

Characteristics of Small Groups: Group goals

A

should be associated with therapeutic intent

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5
Q

Characteristics of Small Groups: size of groups

A

will depend on purpose and goals

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6
Q

Characteristics of Small Groups: selection of members

A

is based on intent of the group and the skills/needs of potential members

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7
Q

Characteristics of Small Groups: Group role positions

A

depends of the group structure

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8
Q

Group Processes

A 
forming (coming together)
storming (testing behaviours)
norming (goal alignment)
performing (work)
adjourning (reflect and move on
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9
Q

forming

A
  • members first come together
  • leader orients the group to the groups purpose
  • Members introduce themselves
  • Communication is more tentative in this stage until members start to trust one another
  • Acceptance of group goals and tasks
  • Attendance, participation, and confidentiality are defined
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10
Q

storming

A
  • Focuses on power and control issues
  • Members use testing behaviours around boundaries, communication styles and personal reactions with other members and the group leader
  • Characteristic behaviours include disagreement with the group format, topics of discussion, ways to achieve group goals, comparison of member contributions
  • Resolving issues in this phase leads to stronger group development
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11
Q

norming

A
  • individual goals become aligned with the group goals
  • Group specific norms help create a supportive group climate characterized by dependable fellowship and purpose.
  • “Safe” as members begin to experience the cohesiveness of the group as “theirs”
  • Cohesiveness is represented by shared goals, working through and solving problems and the nature of the group interaction
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12
Q

performing

A
  • Most of the groups “work” gets accomplished
  • Interdependence of group members
  • Full acceptance of each member as a person of value and cohesiveness
  • Members are comfortable taking risks
  • Able to offer constructive comments
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13
Q

adjourning

A
  • Review of accomplishments of the group
  • Reflecting on the meaning of the groups work together
  • Making plans to move on in different directions
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14
Q

intra-professional collaborative practice

A

multiple members of the same profession working together to deliver quality care

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15
Q

creating a healthy work environment - CREST

A 
civility 
respect
engagement 
support
trust
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16
Q

interprofessional educational (IPE)

A

process by which two or more health professions learn with, from, and about eachother across the spectrum of their life long professional educational journey to improve collaboration, practice, and quality of patient centred care

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17
Q

inter professional health care team

A

Multiple health disciplines with diverse knowledge and skills who share an integrated set of goals and who utilize interdependent collaboration that involves communication, sharing of knowledge and coordination of services to provide services to clients/ clients and their caregiving systems

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18
Q

The Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation Model (SBAR)

A

S: what’s going on with the patient?
B: what’s the clinical background or context?
A: what do I think the problem is?
R: what would I do to correct it?

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19
Q

types of conflict

A

Intrapersonal conflict occurs within individuals
Interpersonal conflict occurs between two or more individuals
Intragroup conflict occurs within an established group
Intergroup conflict is the struggle between groups

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20
Q

conflict management styles

A 
Avoidance: “I lose, you lose”
- “It’s not my problem”
Accommodation: “I lose, you win”
- “We’ll do it your way”
Competition: “I win for now, but then I lose, you lose”
- "My way is better”
Compromise: “I lose/win, you lose/win”
- “What's the middle ground here?”
Collaboration: “I win, you win”
- “We can work this out together and both feel satisfied”
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21
Q

Approaches to Conflict

A

Non confrontational/nonassertive
- Placating (quickly agree)
- Distracting (avoid by using humour or change the topic)
- Computing (emotional detachment)
- Withdrawing (physically or psychologically removing self “whatever”)
Aggressive
- Demeaning, blaming, scapegoating, bullying
Passive aggressive
- Expressing anger in an opposite way

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22
Q

Assertiveness

A 
Controlling emotions
Self-awareness
Being “other-oriented”
Focus on issue, not personality
Use “I” language
Focus on shared interests
Monitor your non-verbal behaviour
Brainstorm possible solutions
Apologize for your part in the conflict
Present as an equal, not superior
Seek collaboration
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23
Q

Nursing Communication Interventions - CARE

A

C: clarify the behaviour that is a problem
A: articulate why the behaviour is a problem
R: request a change in the problem behaviour
E: evaluate progress towards resolution

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24
Q

harm

A

an unintended outcome of care that may be prevented with evidence informed practices and is identified and treated in the same hospital stay

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25
Q

patient safety

A

the reduction of risk of unnecessary harm associated with healthcare to an acceptable minimum

26
Q

kinds of harm

A
  • healthcare and medications
  • infections
  • procedure related
  • patient accidents
27
Q

near miss

A

An unplanned event that does not reach the patient

28
Q

handoff

A

The transfer of information (along with authority and responsibility) during transitions in care across the continuum. It includes an opportunity to ask questions, clarify , and confirm

29
Q

difficult conversation

A

any conversation that you anticipate or engage in that makes you uncomfortable

30
Q

crisis

A

a crisis occurs when a stressful life event occurs and the persons usual ways of coping are ineffective

31
Q

Kugler-Ross Grief Cycle - Dealing with Losses

A 
Denial
Anger
Bargaining 
Depression
Acceptance
32
Q

End of Life Communication

A
  • —Avoid automatic responses and trite reassurances
  • —treat each person’s experience as unique
  • —let client lead the discussion about the future
  • —relate on a human level (humour if appropriate, sadness)
  • —Don’t force communication – silent presence, privacy
33
Q

What makes a client unpopular

A 
- complaining, uncooperative, argumentative
—- require more time than warranted
—- require more explanations, reassurances they think they are suffering more than - nurses believe
—- have poor prognosis
—- low socioeconomic status
—- stigma on any type of difference
—- made poor lifestyle choices
—- have highly contagious illnesses
34
Q

Difficult Clients

A
  • Vocally argumentative
  • Non-adherent
  • Inability to remain objective when caring for a patient
  • Breakdown in communication
  • Problems in therapeutic relationship that make the clinician feel insufficient
35
Q

good outcome when working with difficult patients

A
  • Coming to understand why a patient is acting out/being “difficult”
  • Getting patients to engage in care
  • Re-defining “success”/managing expectations, both for nurses and patients
  • Treating patients with respect as inherently dignifying
  • Helping patients come to terms with their illness
36
Q

Information and Communication Technologies Skills (ICTs)

A

Encompasses all those digital and analogue technologies that facilitate the capturing, processing, storage, and exchange of information via electronic communication

37
Q

Informatics

A

a science and practice which integrates nursing, its information and knowledge, and their management, with information and communication technologies to promote the health of people, families, and communities worldwide

38
Q

EMR: electronic medical record

A
  • A computer based record of a patient’s health, specific to a single clinical practice
  • A digital version of a paper chart that contains all of a patient’s medical history from one practice. Used by providers for diagnosis and treatment
39
Q

EHR: Electronic Health Record

A
  • An individual’s health record that can be accessed online from many separate systems across the country. A secure and lifetime record of a person’s health care history
  • EHRs makes health information instantly accessible to authorized providers across practices and health organizations, helping to inform clinical decisions and coordinate care.
  • It includes past medical history, vital signs, progress notes, diagnoses, medications, immunizations dates, allergies, lab data and imaging reports.
40
Q

Canada Health Infoway

A

innovative digital health strategies to improve the health of canadians

41
Q

Access 2022 Alliance

A
  • A movement aimed at improving Canadians access to their personal health information and to digitally delivered health services
  • The alliance is part of an ambitious national initiative that will help connect Canadians with their health information and to the digital health services that they have been asking for
42
Q

Nursing Information Specialty - Competencies

A

1) Use relevant information and knowledge to support the delivery of evidence-informed practice care
2) Use ITCs in accordance with professional and regulatory standards and workplace policies (PHIPA)
3) Uses information and communication technologies in the delivery of patient/client care

43
Q

Telehealth: nurses help decide…

A 
Handle a problem yourself
Visit your doctor or nurse practitioner
Go to a clinic
Contact a community service
Go to a hospital emergency room
44
Q

OTN

A
  • OTN is an independent, not for profit organization funded by the government of Ontario
  • Provides virtual care solutions that better connect people and care across Ontario’s healthcare system
45
Q

client health self management

A
  • consumer health information on the internet
  • client alerts (pharmacy refills)
  • E-support groups
46
Q

client health care management

A
  • lifestyle management (providers recommend reliable websites with good info)
  • can you trust the website?
47
Q

potential outcomes of technology use

A
  • nursing communication

- client provider communication

48
Q

Telepractice standards

A

the delivery, management, and coordination of care services via technology

49
Q

confidentiality: nursing obligations

A
  • Nurses are held to a high standard of confidentiality with patient information to a high standard of their professional image
  • Breaches of these standards can result in findings of professional misconduct, suspension or termination of RN license, and other legal consequences
50
Q

how to prevent social media issues

A
  • do not post confidential information, not even if there are no patient names included
  • avoid using social media to vent or discuss workplace events, and don’t comment on postings by others
  • avoid posting negative comments about your colleagues, supervisors or other team members
  • respect boundaries in the nurse-client relationship: think this through before becoming e-friends with a client
  • be aware of who is connecting with you
  • avoid giving health-related advice to questions posed on social media – that could lead to professional liability
  • make your personal profile accessible only by people you know and trust
  • create strong passwords and change them often
  • present yourself in a professional manner in photos, videos and postings
  • Bottom line: before posting, think about what you are saying, who might read it and the impact that it might have if read by an employer, patient, your School of Nursing, CNO…..
51
Q

6 P’s of social media use

A 
professional
positive 
patient/person free
protect yourself 
privacy 
pause before you post
52
Q

social media guidelines

A
  • Do not post information regarding a client
  • Separate personal and professional information
  • Do not criticize clients, your employer, or coworkers on social media
  • A risk for libel and violation of the Code of Ethics exists, loss of employment
53
Q

issues in the use of technology

A
  • access
  • liability
  • privacy
54
Q

Documentation

A
  • needs to be clear, timely, and accurate
  • contains plan of care, assessments, interventions, and outcomes of interventions
  • the “chart” is a legal document
  • nurses chart after providing care
55
Q

key essentials of documentation

A
  • communication
  • accountability
  • security
56
Q

parts of the client chart

A
  • orders (written, faxed, verbal)
  • flow sheet (vital signs, routine daily care, specialized such as neurological checks)
  • progress notes
  • kardex
  • medication administration records
  • specialized forms like OR checklist
57
Q

key components of documentation

A
  • nursing documentation (document nursing process, SBAR, FDARP, SOAP)
  • clarity
  • efficiency
  • completeness
  • safety
  • quality
  • aggregation of data
  • balancing caring in a high tech world
  • confidentiality
58
Q

evidence for best practice

A
  • Identifies contributions that nurse make to attain better client outcomes
  • Demonstrates adherence to clinical guidelines
  • Data can be compiled to improve practice
59
Q

epidemiological data

A

able to collect data that shapes policy decisions and evidence based practice

60
Q

FDARP Charting

A 
F = focus 
D = data (subjective and objective)
A = action (intervention including further assessment or medication given, contacted physician, etc.)
R = patient response (after the intervention)
P = Plan (continue monitoring)
61
Q

SOAP(IE)

A 
S = subjective 
O = objective
A = assessment 
P = plan
I = intervention 
E = evaluation
62
Q

common abbreviations

A 
every = q
every hour = q1h
every 4 hours = q4h 
twice daily = bid
3 times daily = tid
4 times daily = qid
immediately = stat
bedtime = hs
before meals = ac
after meals = pc
by mouth = po
nothing by mouth = npo

Nurs 1511 (3 decks)

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