Test 1 Flashcards
Early Renaissance
1400-1500
Focus on humanism and classical inspiration
Big focus on christianism and the shift from religion to sciences
David
Donatello,1430-1440
The biblical story of David and Goliath
Lorals symbol of victory
Very feminine
The Birth of Venus
Botticeli 1480
Venus Godess of beauty
Story of innocence and truth
she will be covered by the robe of reason
High Renaissance
1500-1550 Typical work: The creation of Adam Michaelangelo The school of Athens Raphael Mona lisa Da Vinci
David (2)
Michaelangelo 1501-1504 More mature/ more masculin looking back on greek statues ideal male body can see his intellect
Sleeping Venus
Giorgione, 1509
idea of gaze
we are looking at her
she is comfortable and peacefull
Venus of Urbino
Titian, 1538 Colors in this work are vibrant wealth environment: jewlery, hair, maids Dog could symbolize wealth/ loyalty/ erotism Gaze: she is looking at us
Baroque
17th century
interest in drama, action, violence
asymmetrical composition
Very emotional and unrestrained
David (3)
Bernini, 1623
clothes
Very dynamic pose, twisting, expressive face
Self portrait of Bernini
Calling of Saint Matthew
Caravaggio, 1599-1600
Very good example of chiaroscuro
Story about Jesus coming down to call on the man pointing at himself
Judith Slaying Holofernes
Gentileschi, 1614-1620
One of the first women artist to get recognition
Holofernes is sent to take over the land of Judas. Judith flirts with Holofernes gets him drunk and kills him.
Rococo
1700-1775
Louis the XIV dies in 1775 which leaves room for different types of art
Period of enlightenment, knowledge, science, method
All about having fun
opposite of Baroque
Frivolity, aristocracy, leisure, fun
Pilgrimage to Cythera
Watteau, 1711
The swing
Fragonard, 1766
The guy on the bottom is hiding, looking under her dress and she is lifting her leg flinging her shoe
She is flirting with him.
Neoclassicism
1765-1830 reaction against the frivolity of Rococo Main style in France associated with the French Revolution (1789-1799) About loyalty Political ideas: -Heroism -Formal clarity -Stability -Looking back on democracy in ancient Greece
Oath of the Horatii
David, 1784-17845
Formal clarity- Very mathematical
About Patriotism, Honor, Sacrifice
Father in the middle with his 3 sons pleading allegiance
in the back, the women show a lot of emotion
Romanticism
1790-1850
Emotional expression, contemporary issues (Nostalgia for the past)
interest in dreams, nightmares, state of mind, insanity
Raft of the “Medusa”
Géricault, 1819
About disaster
The captain and officers saved themselves after a shipwreck and all the passengers were stuck on a raft for 13 days, only 15 survived.
Géricaul talked to survivors, studied bodies in the morgue
shows raw emotion, can feel the tragedy
Liberty leading the People
Delacroix, 1830
Uprising against the King
All the rebels were fighting for liberty
people from different social classes are fighting together.
Liberty the female figure represents greek democracy and roman republic
Symbole of liberty and success
Academic painting
17th-19th century Style taught in art schools "true to life" realism polished surfaces history paintings classical and mythological scenes
King Charles X presents prizes to artists at the Paris Salon of 1824
Heim, 1826
The french salon
Artists from the l’Academie des Beaux Arts would present their work
Realism
1840- late 19th century
Industrial revolution, 1760-1840
Associated with social awareness
Moving away from the emotional exaggeration of Romanticism.
interests in observation of nature/ people and political/ social satire
Anti-academic
3 main artists: Daumier, Millet, Courbet
Gargantua
Daumier, 1831
Poor people giving their money to the king
King shitting laws and political papers
Parliament and high functionaries on the left.
workers and industrial area on the right.
King Louis-Philippe
Daumier went to jail because of this
Third Class Carriage
Daumier, 1862 warm colours busy weight slouching more people, less personal space
interior of a First Class Carriage
Daumier, 1864
cooler tones
unbothered, relaxed
good posture
Gleaners
Millet, 1857
Moving from crisp brush strokes to softer ones
working the land
not ugly at first glace
Interior of my studio
Courbet 1848-1855
Courbet is painting in the middle he is watched with admiration by a little boy and a nude woman (his muse)
Divided on two
on the right: Courbet’s friends, artists and writers (people who depend on their talent)
30 figures total
The Stone Breakers
Courbet 1849 Very sharp/ harsh outlines torn clothes more about the labour compared to Millet Older man and younger boy Can't see their face so its not about individuality not heroic critics found this too crude.
A Burial at Ornans
Courbet 1849-1850
Courbet’s great uncle’s burial
was accepted by The Salon but was very controversial
Used people at the funeral as models instead of professionals
Not theatrical like in Romanticism
“The Burial at Ornan is actually the burial of Romanticism” - Courbet
Le Déjeuner sur l’Herbe
Manet, 1863
Bridging realism and impressionism
interested in the freedom realism brings to painting
casual setting, taking place in Bois de Boulogne
Manet is known for prostitutes and ilisite activities. Figures are identifiable, his brother, brother-in-law and Victorine, Manet’s main model)
Not idealized
Visible brush strokes, some areas look unfinished
Salon des Refusés
founded in 1863
Art exhibition help by command of Napoleon III
pieces were ridiculed but people were curious
Olympia
Manet 1865 Model is Victorine She is not pretending to be Venus Olympia was a name known in prostitution Choker and shoes represent prostitution-- walking the streets Cat symbolizes sexuality Nude is accepted but naked is not
A Bar at the Folie-Bergère
Manet 1881-1882
Standing in front of a mirror( the mirror is behind her)
Most popular venue in Paris for entertainment
Real woman her name is Suzon
19th-century Photography
In 1880 the Kodac camera made photography accessible
First tool for making images available to everyone.
Big controversy over photography as a document vs art
Pictorialism
Late 19th and early 20th century
international style and aesthetic movement that dominated photography
promoted photography as a fine art
Creating an emotional impact
Photo-Secession
Pictorialist group in the US that Gertrude Kasebier was a part of.
Yoked and muzzled - Marriage
Kasebier 1915
Pre-Raphaelite
1850-1860 medieval subjects stylized female archetype contorted/ twisting bodies highly decorative setting close attention to detail painting outside to be true to nature
Ophelia
Millais, 1852
The Lady of Shalott
Waterhouse 1888
Based on a poem written by Tennyson
About this cursed lady that can’t look outside directly. But one day she looks outside to look at Lancelot
So before she dies she goes on the boat
3 candles- holy trinity/ death
Impressionism
1860- late 18th century
Away from politics focus on genre paintings (leisure, landscape)
inspiration from photography
interest in light and how it changes
interest in society(café culture, flaneur, the home)
Moulin de la Galette
Renoir, 1876 glimpse of a leisure activity Some people are identifiable focus on light/ shadows visible brush strokes
Dancing Lessons
Degas, 1883-1885
He focused a lot on dance, especially ballet
Seems spontaneous but is actually super posed
Rouen Cathedral
Monet, 1894
Most influential painter in Impressionism
Plein-air paintings
effect of light was very important to him
Place du Théâtre Français
Pissarro, 1898
Very dynamic
influence of photography showed by the half horse on the bottom
bird’s eye view: different perspective
The cradle
Morisot, 1872
A lot of colours within the white
Very thought out composition
Reading
Morisot 1873
reading shows intelligence
The Dining Room
Morisot, 1875
Very dynamic, sketchy
At the Opera
Cassatt, 1879
Form Pennsylvania but moved to Paris to pursue art
Decided not to marry
early feminist
Le Figaro
Cassatt
The Boating Party
Cassatt, 1893-1894
interesting division of colour
very high horizon line
Focus on the woman and her child even though the man is closer and bigger
Japonism
An interest in Japanese art and culture that came about in Europe in the 19th century composition is not necessarily symmetrical
Ukio-e
1603-1867 Japanese art mouvement means pictures of the floating world Soft calligraphic line drawing flat area of colour
Portrait of a Courtesan
Utamaro, late 1700
The Black spot
typical subject matter
Art Nouveau
1890-1910
international decorative style
encompasses all design arts and product design
organic plantlike line - elegant/graceful
inspired by the female form
total work of art- everything can be art nouveau
Cherettes
new female archetype
joie de vivre
hourglass figure
pre-raphaelite type of hair
La loie Fuller
Chéret, 1893 Father of the modern poster focus on the female figure Woman is an American Actrice and modern dancer Involved in burlesque and vaudeville
La Goulue au Moulin Rouge
Toulouse-Lautrec, 1891
Working along the same lines as Chéret
Born in the aristocracy, was a lot into the nightlife
Had a successful painting career so when he shifted to posters it gave more credibility to the movement
La Goulue is the dancer
La Bière de la Meuse
Mucha, 1897
Very representative of the style
Period in France where you could say Art Nouveau or le style Mucha
Ad for a beer- can see the natural ingredients in the back
At the bottom, we can see the brewery
Post-Impressionism
Late 19th century
2 main trends: formal and emotional
interests in bright colours and clear brushstrokes
Still Life with Apple
Cézanne, 1875-1877 Apple-- Adam and Eve Structured abstraction can see the process of pilling colours Cézanne knew that it wasn't accepted The natural world can be broken down into spheres, cones, cylinders
Great Bathers
Cézanne, 1898-1905
Less defined, less perfect- made that choice to move away from academic painting
Pyramid like organization of space
Sunday Afternoon at La Grande Jatte
Same subject matter as the Impressionists
invented Pointillism: forming images with dots of colours
Colour theory coming out
sense of vibration because of the dots
Starry Night
Van Gogh, 1889
A mix of a small Dutch village and the French lands shows his internal struggles
a lot of movement
Self-portrait
Van Gogh, 1889
The swirls are in everything
Shows how he is feeling
Every detail is important
Self-portrait with a Halo
Gaugin, 1889
Started painting later in life
Was upper middle class
Nevermore
Gaugin, 1897 She looks very sad based on Edgar Allen Poe, the Raven Story about this woman waiting for death 2 people in the back one with a skull-like face raven in the back-- a sign of death
Symbolism
1885-1910
Explore imagination, internal feelings, the irrationality of the mind, dreaming, psychoanalysis
Often disturbed images, poetic renditions, emotional
Started in Belgium as a literary movement
The scream
Munch 1893, Strong link to Van Gogh Very distinct, vibrant colours Comes down to the figure Suffered from mental health issues Explored different states of mind uses colour feeling of loss of self, anguish - typical subject matter
Fauvism
1905-1908
Bright colours, vivid, shapes
Notre-Dame in Late Afternoon
Matisse, 1902
Main Artist
Not very detailed, flat colour
Madame Matisse
Matisse, 1905
Colour as building blocks
Not just about the person but how the colours represent her
uses colour more than defined lines to show her features
Moving towards non-representative, what matters is the expression
“Fauvism is not everything but it is the beginning of everything” - Matisse
Harmony in Red
Matisse, 1908-1909 Influence by abstraction but still a figurative work Very flat, 2 dimensional Ideas of using colour in a more free way creating a mood with colour
Expressionism
1905-1920
German artists are not interested in objective reality, but rather subjective emotions and responses
also interested in emotional qualities of colour to create different moods
uses distortion exaggeration, harshness
Dates overlap with world war 1
“Charge” from The Peasant War
Kollwitz, 1902
Peasant charging to change their situation
Start of a Revolution
Kollwitz portrayed herself as the woman giving the signal
Die Brucker, The Bridge
1905-1913
Falls under expressionism
German Art Students
Interested in creating a bridge between traditional art and new, modern art
The Street
Kirchner, 1907 a lot of colours Very awkward, unsettling About the anxieties of the time dreamlike qualities Almost as if they are wearing masks
Der Blaue Reier, “The Blue Rider”
1911-1914
Name is linked to the book of revelation and the 4 horsemen
More interested in non-figurative abstraction
Panel for Edwin R. Campbell No. 4
Kandinsky, 1914 Russian artist Interested in Mystical art style Using rhythmic lines, colour, shapes about abstraction and music For him, music and art are closely linked
Large Blue Horses
Marc, 1911
Believed in colour having an emotional impact
colour could be independent from the object.
Colour is not linked with the subject matter but with the feeling associated with the subject matter.
