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Final exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Cubism

A 
1907-1920
had a huge influence on the 20th century
revolutionized the way artists looked at the space of the canvas
- multiple vantage points
-geometric construction
- sharp edges
- angles
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2
Q

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon

A 
Pablo Picasso
completely flat, multiple vantage points
inspired by still life and Cézanne
Draws on traditional art history-- two venues
Things are simplified and distorted 
referring to prostitutes as demoiselles
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3
Q

Analytic cubism

A

muted palette

geometric exploration of space

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4
Q

Synthetic cubism

A

Idea of collage
newspaper to give texture, the symbol of words
More colour, less use of forms
interest in flat area of colour and collage

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5
Q

Futurism

A

1909-1944 based in Italy
interest in speed, technology, movement and modernity as linked to industry and machines
Glorified war in favour of fascism
uninterested in the past, always looking forward
don’t believe in libraries, museums any kind of academic tradition
apocalyptic language

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6
Q

Unique Forms of Continuity in Space

A 
Umberto Boccioni
Figure wearing a helmet 
A lot of movement in a forward direction
assertive, very robbotic
representation of what futurism is about
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7
Q

The City

A

Fernand Léger
Depicting a city, the chaos and dynamic of a city
very industrial
influence of synthetic cubism

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8
Q

Suprematism

A

1913-1919
Focused on basic geometric shapes (circle, square, line, rectangle)
refers to an abstract art based on pure artistic feeling as opposed to the visual depiction on objects
interested in depicting emotion

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9
Q

Composition with the Mona Lisa

A

Malevich,
Can see the influence from cubism
not interested in the past, look towards abstraction
about the feeling

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10
Q

Black Square

A

Malevich
represents pure feeling, the cosmos, void
Achieve a representation of the mystical with the use of pure forms which carry pure feeling

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11
Q

Neoplasticism/ De Stijl

A

1917-1931
Believe in pure abstraction and universality
Reduced painting to the essentials of form and colour
Simplified visual compositions to vertical and horizontal using only black, white, and primary colours

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12
Q

Composition in Red, Yellow, Blue and Black

A

Mondrian
he was a landscape painter and the realized
“Painting had to be honest to its medium”
meaning he had to focus on line and colour and move away from trying to imitate nature
for him this is purity and universality

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13
Q

Dada

A

1916-1920
Post WW1– feeling of loss and despair, pessimism
Dada artists don’t share a style necessarily but a common ideology
- anti war
-anti bourgeois
- anti art
- for nihilism or nothingness
interest in chance, spontaneity, flexibility

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14
Q

Bicycle wheel

A

Duchamp
readymade: objects that already exist
puts the readymade in an art environment like gallery or museum
more based om the idea than the object
When you take an object out of its usual context you look at it differently
life doesn’t make sense so why should art make sense

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15
Q

Fountain (urinal)

A

Duchamp
Simply put the urinal in a museum and called it art
Class debate is it art of not?

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16
Q

Surrealism

A

1924-1930
Interest in spontaneity, the unconscious, dreams, imagination
Interest in “pure psychic automatism by which it is intended to express the true function of thought.”
stream of consciousness

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17
Q

Place d’Italie

A 
Giorgio de Chirico
shows different time periods
-renaissance architecture
- Greek/roman statue
- train= modernity
eerie feeling, strange, mysterious
sense of isolation
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18
Q

The Persistence of Memory

A 
Salvador Dali
Bunch of isolated objects
dreamscape-- doesn't make sense
reference to the passing of time
Ants on the alarm clock represent death
Shape in the middle = self portrait of Dali
19
Q

The Two Fridas

A

Frida Kahlo
Very personal/ emotional approach
suffered a lot of physical and emotional pain
represents two parts of herself
- White Frida: ties to her European side
holding scissors and literally has a broken heart
- Colour Frida: ties to her Mexican origins
holding a picture of her husband.

20
Q

Abstract Expressionism

A

1940-1960
nonfigurative and nonrepresentational
interest in the expressive qualities of painting
directly out of surrealism
put the US on the map in the art world
Many artists moved away from Europe because of the political situation (Nazis)

21
Q

Study for the Homage to the Square

A

Joseph Albers
Series of paintings of this subject matter (the square)
smooth brush strokes
“Art should not represent but present”
Should not try to be something else
Not about copying nature but showing something new

22
Q

Action Painting

A

1950
painting consisted of dripping, splashing, throwing, spaying the paint
not a controlled composition
ideas of Dada and Surrealism

23
Q

White Light

A 
Jackson Pollock
When the public saw this, they were shocked but became very popular
huge pieces
no frame, continues on forever
Pollock is the main name
24
Q

Colour field painting

A

opposite approach from action painting
interested in applying paint more traditionally and exploring colour field
no interest in lines
calm, introspective, meditative, spiritual

25
Q

Number 61 (Rust and Blue)

A 
Mark Rothko
very calm and spiritual
Rothko was interested in Spirituality but in a was everyone could relate to
About transcending the natural world
about the colors
26
Q

The Group of Seven

A

Founded in 1920 in Toronto until about 1933
Best known group of canadian painters
Dedicated to exploring the unique character of the Canadian landscape
About freedom, wilderness, loneliness

27
Q

October evening

A 
A.Y. Jackson
had been studying in Europe
was based in Montreal and then joined the group in Toronto
Clear influence of the Impressionists
- brushstrokes and use of colour
28
Q

Pop Art

A

1950-1960
Pop art includes elements from pop culture:
- mass culture – comic books mass-produced and consumable objects
- media (advertisement, labels, logos)
Pop art is a move away from elitist art, and the subjectivity and unconscious act of abstract expressionism
returns to the figurative and generic
public liked it because they recognized things

29
Q

Marilyn Diptych

A

Andy Warhol
Oil, acrylic and silk screen printing
called his studio the factory
started as a commercial painter
was obsessed with marilyn monroe – the celebrity status
Based on a publicity photo from the 50s
very eye catching, bright colours
On on side we have the manufactured fame, oversaturated
on the other side, it is blurry and fading away

30
Q

Minimalism

A

1960s
simplicity can capture all representation that is necessary to a work of art
no reference to nature, meaning or content
moving away from abstract expressionism
interested in uniformity, repetition, neutral surfaces
not about anything else than what is there
interest in how people navigate space

31
Q

Well

A

Carl Andre
Duchamp’s idea of the ready made
called it sculpture even though he is just placing things, not really building or molding anything

32
Q

Titled Arc

A

Richard Serra
Huge arc made out of steal in a public square in New York
Site specific work– can’t really move in
Wanted to make people aware of how they used space
very busy square and some people liked it, and some hated it
was eventually removed

33
Q

Conceptual Art

A

1960-1970
Based on the idea that the idea of the work is more important than the actual work itself
takes the ideas of minimalism even further
links to Duchamp and Dada
involves a lot of deconstruction - what makes art art?

34
Q

Vertical Earth Kilometer

A

Walter de Maria
Brass Rod that is put in the Earth for 1 kilometer
many pieces screwed together
in Kassel Germany
Mostly exists in peoples minds because you can’t actually see it

35
Q

Performance Art and Happenings

A

1960-1970
Group of people at a particular time and place form the work of art.
4 components
- time
-space
-performers body
- relationship between the performer and the viewer

36
Q

The Artist is present

A

Marina Abramovic
This was at the MoMA from March to May
She would sit at the table and people were invited to sit in front of her
There was no talking.
Artists usually put themselves through a difficult thing.

37
Q

Feminist Art Practices

A

1970
Linda Nochlin- “Why has there not been any great female artists?”
Social practices that exclude women like:
- education, art schools were closed to women
- nude drawing classes/workshops did not allow women
- patronage, exhibition, sales– for men
- women often signed the name of their art master
- women were expected to be housewives

38
Q

Cut piece

A

Yoko Ono
performance
was sitting on a stage fully dressed with a pair of scissors and the audience could go and cut out pieces of her clothes
she was very interested in using her body in her pieces

39
Q

African-American Critiques

A

1960-1970

Interested in the difference in opportunities between black and white people and racism

40
Q

Revolutionary

A

Wadsworth Jarrel,
Portrait of activist Angela Davis
Story about being accused of providing weapons for an ambush
She was a very powerful and charismatic person
in her dress we can see a quote where she says “I have devoted my life to the struggle, if I have to lose it to the struggle that is the way it will be.”

41
Q

The Gift

A

Norval Morriseau
Very politically charged
on the left is a missionary and on the left is a shaman and a child.
the missionary and shaman are talking and the child is very intrigued by the bag with the cross
the small dots could represent small pocks

42
Q

American earthworks

A

1970s
were working in nature but the art was not about nature
feeling of revolt
- anti-commercial
- anti-institution
Believed art was influenced by art money
Found the wall of a museum/gallery limiting
Everything makes the art (conception to completion)

43
Q

Double negative

A 
Michael Heizer
huge trench in Nevada
About removing instead of creating
About the space as opposed to the object
approx. 200 000 tones of dirt were moved
44
Q

Spiral Jetty

A

Robert Smithson
In Great Salt Lake, Utah
On a post-industrial site
6 650 tones of dirt were moved
Smithson was a great theorist– to humans come from nature so anything humans do is also part of nature
Believed in entropy– everything is headed towards destruction

Art History (2 decks)

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