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Conservation Biology > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Species Vulnerability Factors (9)

A
  1. Rarity
  2. Generation Time
  3. Reliance on Key Stone Species / Resources
  4. Genetic Loss & Degradation
  5. Invasive Species
  6. Over exploitation
  7. Habitat Loss
  8. Environmental Pollution
  9. Global Climate Change
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2
Q

Micro evolution

A

Short term changes in allele frequencies within a population (mutation, selections, gene flow, genetic drift)

Ex: Covid 19 Variants

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3
Q

Macro evolution

A

Evolution about species level..

.. change across greater phylogenetic levels

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4
Q

Biodiversity Threats (6)

A
  1. Extinction
  2. Local Extinction
  3. Regional Extinction
  4. Extirpation
  5. Endemic
  6. Local Endemic
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5
Q

Extinction (s)

A

Permanent disappearance of a species

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6
Q

Local Extinction (s)

A

Disappearance from a specific area

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7
Q

Regional extinction (s)

A

Disappearance from significant portion of range

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8
Q

Endemic (s)

A

Unique to a particular area, usually region of speciation

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9
Q

Extirpation (s)

A

Can be synonymous to local extinction

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10
Q

Local Endemic (s)

A

Species restricted to a small area

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11
Q

Biome

A

Natural assemblage of plants and animals shaped by common patterns of vegetation and climate

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12
Q

Barrier Types (3)

A
  1. Corridor
  2. Filter
  3. Sweepstake Route
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13
Q

Corridor

A

Large expanses covering multiple habitats

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14
Q

Filter

A

Some organisms can disperse, some cannot

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15
Q

Sweepstake route

A

Chance dispersal to isolated sites

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16
Q

IUCN Red List

A
  • compiles global data on species status
  • designed to show trends in overall extinction risk
  • criticized for “lacking measures to assess status”
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17
Q

Green List

A
  • provides an objective approach to assessing species recovery
    (specific species)(improving species & locations)
18
Q

Karl & Bowen (Geopolitical Taxonomy)

A
  • taxonomic rank is important criterion for establishing conservation priorities.

Ex: debate over Black Sea turtles (endangered) & Green Sea Turtles (threatened)

(Species / Subspecies etc)

19
Q

Geopolitical Species (s)

A

Groups of individuals confined to geographical or politically defined areas and accorded species status independent of morphological, genetic, & reproductive criteria

20
Q

O’Brien & Mayr

A
  • endangered species act (ESA) specifically protects 3 categories of biological taxa: species, subspecies, and populations
  • O’Brien and Mayr point out flaws in the rationale and cite 4 specific instances where enforcement of this policy would jeopardize efforts to recover species listed as endangered
21
Q

Biodiversity Hierarchy

A
  • genetic
  • organismal
  • ecological
22
Q

Genetic (s)

A

Alleles- gene complexes-chromosome- individual-population

23
Q

Organismal (s)

A

Population - species - community

24
Q

Ecological (s)

A

Ecosystem-ecoregion- province- biome

25
Q

Species diversity

A

Species richness defined as number species per unit area, if weighed by measure of importance (abundance, size,productivity)

29
Q

Types of Distribution Patterns (3)

A
  1. Continuous
  2. Disjunct
  3. Endemic
30
Q

Continuous

A

Cosmopolitan species

31
Q

Disjunct

A

Represented by evolutionary relics, climatic relics, and habitat relics

32
Q

Endemic

A

Reflect isolation and stability of a particular taxa

33
Q

Biodiversity Hotspots

A

Areas of greatest biodiversity AND likelihood of loss

  1. Mesoamerica
  2. Japan
  3. New Zealand
  4. Caribbean islands
  5. Southwest Australia
34
Q

Value of biodiversity

A

Use and non-use

35
Q

Use

A

Direct contact and / or use of resources

  • consumptive (timber harvest, hunting, etc)
  • non-consumptive (open space = ecotourism)
36
Q

Non use

A
  1. Pollination
  2. Pest control
  3. Soil stabilization
  4. water quality
  5. Carbon sequestration
37
Q

Modes of transportation (7)

A
  1. Stowaways
  2. Agriculture
  3. Commerce
  4. Recreation
  5. Scientific research
  6. Biological control
  7. Large scale infrastructure
38
Q

What allows a species to become invasive (3)

A
  1. Broad environmental tolerance
  2. Darwin’s “neutralization hypothesis”
  3. local adaptation
39
Q

Impacts of Invasives (5)

A
  1. Ecosystem modification
  2. Resource competition
  3. Herbivory
  4. Pathogens & parasites
  5. Predation
40
Q

So what can we do

A

Exclude
Monitor
Maintenance management

42
Q

Spatial Richness Patterns

A

Species richness separated into spatial components

  • Alpha diversity
  • Beta diversity
43
Q

Alpha Diversity

A

Number of species in a homogeneous area

44
Q

Beta Diversity

A

Rate of change between sites or across environmental gradient

Conservation Biology (3 decks)

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