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Conservation Biology > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Many protected areas around the world are effectively “paper reserves” because (5)

A
  • subsistence agriculture
  • illegal hunting / poaching
  • mining
  • logging
  • armed conflict
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2
Q

Protected Areas (Definition)

A

Area of land or sea managed for the persistence of biodiversity or cultural heritage, through constraints on incompatible land use

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3
Q

Goals of Protected Areas (3)

A
  1. Protect individual species of importance
  2. Protect focus areas of high species richness and / or endemism
  3. Protect landscapes, functioning ecosystems and their services
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4
Q

Protected Areas Objectives (9)

A
  1. Conserving biodiversity
  2. Mitigating habitat loss
  3. Halting resource extraction
  4. Halting exploitation
  5. Protect water supply
  6. Protect from extreme events
  7. Protect cultural values
  8. Sustain indigenous livelihoods
  9. Contact with nature
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5
Q

Considerations of Reserve Design

A
  1. Disturbance Regime
  2. Reserve Development
  3. Goals of Reserves
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6
Q

Corridor (Definition)

A

natural or artificial connections between habitats

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7
Q 
Corridors Provide (3)
 Important for (4)
A
  1. Passage for immigration & emigration
  2. Decrease local extinction events
  3. Facilitate gene flow

Important For:

  • daily movement
  • seasonal migrations
  • dispersal
  • range shifts (climate change, etc)
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8
Q

Gap Analysis (Definition)

A

Approach used to identify areas of under-representation in existing reserve systems by comparing the distribution of protected areas with the distribution of biodiversity (identify gaps)

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9
Q

US Gap Analysis Program (5)

A
  1. REPRESENTATION of full array of biodiversity across scales
  2. REDUNDANCY - sufficient examples of species and ecosystems in protected areas
  3. RESILIENCE - use GAP information to design protected areas that can withstand stressors
  4. PARTICIPATORY - use GAP information to concert with key stakeholders to design protected areas
  5. ITERATIVE - GAP analysis as an ongoing loop that informs / adapts
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10
Q

Examples of Sustainable Development

A
  1. Indigenous Peoples
  2. Ecotourism
  3. Futuristic Urban Farming
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11
Q

Ecotourism (History)

A
  • Tourism came into being during the 19th century by European colonial powers, namely England and France
  • Starting in 1950s tourism has become one of the largest worldwide industries
  • 700 + million travelers
  • 1 out of 12.3 jobs
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12
Q

Ecotourism (Definition)

A

Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the welfare of local peoples

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13
Q

Principles of Ecotourism (4)

A
  1. Contribute to conservation of natural and cultural heritage
  2. Include local and indigenous communities in its planning, development, and operation, contributing to their well-being
  3. Interpret natural and cultural heritage of destinations to visitors
  4. Lends itself to independent travelers, small size groups
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14
Q

Population Regulation (Definition)

A

• Factors influencing population size through changes in birth and death rates directly tied to population regulation

  • population responses to environmental factors
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15
Q

Minimum Viable Population (MVP)

A

Number of individuals having a 99% probability of population persistence for 100 years

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16
Q

Estimating MVP Size (5)

A
  1. Experimental
  2. Biogeographic patterns (% range occupied)
  3. Theoretical models (applicability?)
  4. Simulation models (lack of generality)
  5. Genetic considerations (variability and breeding structure)
17
Q

Recovery Analysis (6)

A
  1. Population Trends
  2. Contraction of Geographic Range
  3. Natural History Studies
  4. Harvest
  5. Habitat Changes
  6. Other Causes of Decline
18
Q

Treatment of Deadlines (3)

A
  1. Managing breeding sites
  2. Habitat & species restoration
    3 shelter supplementation
19
Q

Reasons for Translocation (4)

A
  1. Rescue individuals who would otherwise be lost
  2. Restoring community or ecosystem processes or increase populations in protected habitats
  3. Research to develop new approaches and techniques
  4. Genetic aspects of translocation
20
Q

Objectives of Reintroduction (5)

A
  1. Enhance long term survival of species
  2. Reestablish a keystone species
  3. Restore natural biodiversity
  4. Provide long term economic benefits
  5. Promote conservation awareness
21
Q

Types of Releases

A
  1. Soft Release - shelter, food, other resources provided

2. Hard Release - animals released without shelter, food, etc

Conservation Biology (3 decks)

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