Test 1 Flashcards
Beaker
Beakers hold solids or liquids that will not release gases when reacted or are likely to splatter if stirred or heated.
Erlenmeyer Flask
Erlenmeyer flasks hold solids or liquids that may release gases during a reaction or that are likely to splatter if stirred or heated.
Graduated Cylinder
A graduated
cylinder is used to
measure volumes of
liquids.
Test Tubes
Hold small amount of substances
- 13 X 100 mm
- 10 X 75 mm
Test Tube Holder
A test tube holder is
useful for holding a
test tube which is
too hot to handle.
Test Tube Brushes
Test tube brushes are used to clean test tubes and graduated cylinders. Forcing a large brush into a small test tube will often break the tube.
Test Tube Racks
Test tube racks are for holding and organizing test
tubes on the laboratory counter. Plastic racks may
melt in contact with very hot test tubes.
Rubber Stoppers
Rubber stoppers are used to close containers to avoid spillage or contamination. Containers should never be heated when there is a stopper in place.
Spot Plates
Spot plates are used when
we want to perform many
small scale reactions at
one time.
Watch Glass
watch glass is used to
hold a small amount of
solid, such as the
product of a reaction.
Glass Stirring Rod
A glass stirring rod is used to manually stir solutions. Careful these can break easily if dropped (even into the sink).
Medicine Dropper
A medicine dropper is
used to transfer a
small volume of liquid
(less than one mL).
On top of each medicine dropper is a “rubber bulb”
Litmus Paper
Red litmus to identify bases
Blue litmus to identify acids
Forceps
Forceps (or tweezers) are used to pick up small
objects.
Funnel
to aid in the
transfer of liquid
from one vessel
to another.
Pipette with Bulb
A pipette measures and delivers exact volumes of liquids. To draw a liquid into a pipette a bulb is used
Wash Bottle
A wash bottle has a spout that delivers a wash solution to a specific area. Distilled water is the only liquid that should be used in a wash bottle.
Weighting Boat
Weighing boats are used to
weigh solids that will be
transferred to another
vessel.
Scoopulas
dispense solid chemicals from their containers. Chemicals should never be transferred with your bare hands.
Beaker Tongs
Beaker tongs are
used to move beakers
containing hot liquids
Bunsen Burner
Bunsen burners are used
for the heating of
nonvolatile liquids and
solids.
Flint Lighters
Flint lighters are used to light Bunsen burners. The flint that is used are expensive. Do not operate the flint lighter repeatedly just to see the sparks!
Evaporating Dish
The evaporating dish is
used for the heating of
stable solid compounds
and elements.
Crucible
Crucibles are used for
heating certain solids,
particularly metals, to
very high temperatures.
Clay Triangle
The clay triangle is used as a support for porcelein crucibles when being heated over a Bunsen burner
Crucible Tongs
For handling hot crucibles: also used to pick up other hot objects. NOT to be used for picking up beakers
Ringstands and their Components
Ringstands are a safe and
convenient way to perform
reactions that require heating
using a Bunsen burner.
Ringstands: Iron RIng
Iron rings connect to a
ringstand and provide a
stable, elevated platform
for the reaction.
Ringstands: Utility Clamps
Utility clamps are used to
secure test tubes and
other equipment to the
ringstand.
Ringstands: Double Buret Clamps
Used to hold two burets simultaneously in titration
Ringstands: Wire Gauze
Sits on the iron ring to provide a better place to stand a beaker. On older wire gauze, the white material is asbestos (heat resistant material)
Measuring
- Volume
- Temperature
- Mass
Reading the Meniscus
Always read volume from the bottom of the meniscus. The meniscus is the curved surface of a liquid in a narrow cylindrical container.
Parallax Errors
errors arise when a meniscus or needle is
viewed from an angle rather than from straight-on
at eye level.
Measuring Volume
” Determine the volume contained in a graduated
cylinder by reading the bottom of the meniscus at
eye level.
“ Read the volume using all certain digits and one
uncertain digit.
“ Certain digits are determined from
the calibration marks on the cylinder.
“The uncertain digit (the last digit of
the reading) is estimated.
Thermometer
Determine the temperature by reading the scale on the thermometer at eye level.
o You should be to take a reading that is accurate to
at least 1 decimal place.
Rules for Thermometer
If the thermometer bulb touches the flask, the temperature of the glass will be measured instead of the temperature of the solution. Readings may be incorrect, particularly if the flask is on a hotplate or in an ice bath.
Balance Rules
- Always check the balance is leveled and zero before using it
- Write down all numbers that are shown on the balance
- Never weigh directly on the balance pan. Always use the weighing boat
- Do not weigh hot or cold objects
- Clean up any spills around the balance immediately
- Turn off the balance when you are done
