Tertiary Literature Flashcards
What does tertiary literature provide us with?
An interpretation and summary of the primary literature by someone other than the original authors of the primary literature publication.
What is a tertiary source? Give examples.
It is a summary of available information.
- textbook
- reference text
- review articles
- websites
- Micromedics
- Compendia
- Lexicomp
What are the 4 strengths of tertiary literature?
- easy to access
- concise
- convenient
- often compiled by experts
What are the 6 limitations of tertiary literature?
- out of date or not timely
- textbooks every 4 years
- not detailed enough
- not relevant to your specific patient
- biased
- transcription errors (actual information was incorrectly written in textbook and not caught by the editor)
When evaluating tertiary resources, what should we keep in mind?
- timeliness of information
- is it referenced?
- author’s expertise and credentials
- ease of use
- bias
What information is found in product identification?
Visual or written description of drug products
What information is found in availability?
Dosage forms, strengths, and manufacturers
What information is found in dosage and administration?
Dosing range and methods for specific populations (renal failure, pediatrics, etc.)
What information is found in pharmacology?
Description of pharmacologic activity
What information is found in therapeutic use?
Indications, FDA approved uses, and off-label uses
Review. What are the 7 steps of gathering drug information?
- Secure demographics of requestor.
- Obtain background information.
- Determine and categorize ultimate question.
- Develop strategy and conduct search.
- Perform evaluation, analysis, and synthesis.
- Formulate and provide response.
- Conduct follow-up and documentation.
What information is found in adverse drug reactions?
List or description of reactions reported
What information is found in drug interactions?
List or description (drug/drug, drug/disease, or drug/food)
What information is found in toxicity?
clinical manifestations of toxicity and/or treatment for overdose
What information is found in pharmacokinetics?
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimination
What information is found in chemistry?
Brief chemical, structural, or pharmacological description, and/or storage and stability information
What information is found in precautions and contraindications?
Conditions where use may be hazardous, precautions to observe, parameters for monitoring therapy, situations where a drug should not be used
What information is found in price?
suggested retail, average wholesale, and cost index
What information is found in references?
Does the reference refer you to primary literature?
What information is found in updates?
How often and when was the last update.
What are good sources for general medication information? (indications, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, adverse drug events, administration, and dosing)
- Micromedex (online)
- Lexicomp (online)
- USP dictionary
- Drug Facts and Comparisons
- Package Inserts
What is the possible disadvantage to using a package insert?
Looking up an adverse drug reaction, the data present is only what was found in the clinical trials and you could be missing newer studies that have more up to date information.
For disease state information, what sources should be used to better understand disease states? (Note: these are not the best sources for therapeutic uses and recommendations)
- UpToDate (online)
- Merck Manual (Stat Ref–online)
- Dynamed (online)
What sources should be used for pharmacotherapy questions–information about treatment options?
- Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach
- Applied Therapeutics
- Various Guidelines
What are the 2 sources for clinical guidelines?
- National Guideline Clearinghouse (guideline.gov)–created by experts in a particular field or organization for a specific disease state
- Cochrane Library (online)
General information regarding natural products can be found where?
- Natural Medicine (online)
* AltMedDex (in Micromedex–online)
Information for drug interactions can be found where?
- Hansten and Horn’s
- Interactions (lexicomp–online)
- Drug Interactions (Micromedex–online)
Drug identification should be done using what sources?
- Identidex (micromedex–online)
- Drug ID (lexicomp–online)
- Martindale (Foreign drugs)
Bioequivalence information can be found in what publication?
*Orange book (fda.gov or through micromedex)
Drug pricing can be looked up where?
*Red book (micromedex–online)
Drug IV compatibility can be found in what resources?
- Handbook of Injectable Drugs
* Trissel’s (micromedex–online)
What is required to have on hand for Drug IV compatibility?
Trissel’s–it does all drug compatibility, not just IV drugs
What resource would you use for pregnancy information?
Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation (print)
What resource would you use for pediatric information?
Harriet Lane (print–Helping the Little’s)
What resource would you use for antimicrobial therapy?
Sanford Guide (print)
What resources can help you with patient counseling?
- CareNotes (micromedex–online)
* Medline Plus (online)
What resources can be used for toxicity information?
- Poisondex (Micromedex–online)
* Goldfrank’s (print)
