Terrorism Flashcards
Neil overhears a conversation at church in relation to the local Detective Sergeant starting an investigation in relation to terrorism. Neil believes that this investigation may lead them to his friend Carl who has been secretly having meetings in relation to an attack on the Royal Family, whom he blames for all of the ills of society. Neil drives straight over and tells Carl that the Detective Sergeant is starting the investigation and as such Carl destroys all of his hard drives and Sim cards that have information on them.
What offence has Neil committed under the Terrorism Act 2000?
Disclosure of Information etc (s.39)
PC Thomas has made a fast time decision to cordon off an area under s.33 The Terrorism Act, s.33. As soon as is reasonably practicable he needs to do what?
Make a written record of the time the designation was made and ensure that an officer of at least the rank of Superintendent is informed.
Which of the following is correct when it comes to time limits with designated cordoned areas?
- An initial designation cannot extend beyond 14 days and there is a time limit of 29 days on extended designations.
- An initial designation cannot extend beyond 7 days and there is a time limit of 28 days on extended designations.
- An initial designation cannot extend beyond 14 days and there is a time limit of 28 days on extended designations.
- An initial designation cannot extend beyond 7 days and there is a time limit of 30 days on extended designations.
- An initial designation cannot extend beyond 14 days and there is a time limit of 28 days on extended designations.
John has spent two weeks in Afghanistan. The purpose of his visit was to undertake weapons training in a camp belonging to a group that is called ‘Death to The West’. John is arrested at Heathrow on his return for section 8 of the Terrorism Act 2006, attending a place used for terrorist training. He says in an interview that he neither knew nor believed that the camp was designed for terrorist training.
Considering the mens rea required for this offence under section 8 of the Terrorism Act 2006, has John committed an offence?
Yes, as he could not reasonably have failed to understand that instruction or training was being provided there wholly or partly for such purposes
Fight Against Fascism is a group protesting outside The Houses of Parliament against an issue in a foreign land. During the protest, attending officers are sprayed in the face by the protestors. The protesters claim it is acid, but in actual fact its just water.
In order to convict, the prosecution would have to show what under S114 Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001?
In order to convict, the prosecution would have to show that the person intended that any person would fear either that his or her life was endangered or that there would be a serious risk to human health
Section 2 of the Terrorism Act 2006 talks about the encouragement of terrorism through the dissemination of terrorist publications.
Considering this piece of legislation, describe the mens rea necessary for this offence?
A person commits an offence if he engages in conduct and at the time he intends an effect of his conduct to be a direct or indirect encouragement or other inducements to the commission, preparation or instigation of acts of terrorism, or is reckless as to whether it will have that effect
The Terrorism Act 2006 can be summarised as covering three broad areas of terrorist activity. Which of the following is correct in relation to what these three areas are?
Encouraging, preparing and offences involving radioactive devices and materials
S47 of the Terrorism Act 2000 allows for certain police powers in relation to Stop and Search. Describe the powers.
S47 allows for a Chief Constable to authorise the stop and search persons and vehicles by a constable in uniform in a designated area. The area and duration of the authority must be no greater or longer than is necessary to prevent an act
Abdul is the manager of a restaurant and has recently taken on two new waiters. One of the waiters Jeshan continually speaks about Al-Qaeda and how the British media mis-represents them. Abdul does not think much of this but as the weeks move on he starts becoming more concerned. Abdul finds a bank statement from an account linked to Jeshan, which shows numerous large payments from abroad being paid in. These are far in excess of what he would be paid in a year. Abdul suspects that Jeshan is looking after money related to Al-Qaeda.
Considering the offence of Disclosure of Information (s.19 Terrorism Act 2000) what must Abdul do?
Abdul must disclose this information to a constable as soon as practicable and including the information on which it is based.
If Jim and Mary who have recently bought their first flat together discover explosive material in their loft, in a bag attributable to the previous tenant, Bob, who if anyone is guilty of the offence of Making or possessing explosives under suspicious circumstances, S4 of the Explosives Act 1883?
Bob
T/DC Harris comes to you as his Detective Sergeant and mentor. “Sergeant, have heard that the threshold for Terrorism related offences is higher than normal offences. Is this correct?”
What do you tell T/DC Harris?
The Terrorism Act 2000, s.41 states: A constable may arrest without warrant a person who he reasonably suspects to be a terrorist.
S1 Terrorism Act 2000 defines what terrorism is. Which of the following is correct?
Terrorism is an action or use or threat of action, which is designed to influence government or an international governmental organisation, or to intimidate the public or a section of the public and the use of the threat is to advance a political, religious, ideological or racial cause
The Counter-Terrorism and Border Security Act 2019 has added to section 13 of the Terrorism Act 2000, in relation to publication of images and seizure of articles to now also include ‘uniform’.
Considering this section, when Bob, one evening decides to post on his social media account a picture of an identifiable piece of clothing of a proscribed organisation, along with a comment ‘anyone fancy making a contribution to the cause as well?’, is Bob liable for the section 13 offence?
Yes, in these circumstances the offence is complete
The Counter-Terrorism and Border Security Act 2019 has added to section 12 of the Terrorism Act 2000, in relation to expressions of support for a proscribed organisations.
Peter goes on line and puts an announcement out on social media extoling what he believes are the virtues of Combat 18. Peter is reckless as to whether anyone will be encouraged to support Combat 18 as a result.
Yes, the offence is complete in these circumstances
‘Race Warriors’, was proscribed by the Secretary of State as a ‘Proscribed Organisation’ in February 2018. John had been an active member since January 2015 involved largely in hosting groups and handing out leaflets. John’s mother had sadly got ill in November 2017 and as such he had put all activities surrounding ‘Race Warriors’ on hold.
Considering the offence of Membership of a Proscribed Organisation (Terrorism Act 2000, s.11) does John have a defence if charged with the offence?
Yes he has a defence, as he had not taken part in any activities since the group was proscribed.
Causing explosion likely to endanger life, S2 Explosives Act 1883 is an indictable offence and comes with life imprisonment. Whose authority is required to prosecute for this offence?
The Attorney General
DS James is in plain clothes and is involved in the investigation in relation to a terrorist package within a designated cordoned area. He spots a man in his car who should not be there and approaches him.
Which of the following is correct in relation to Police Powers under s.36 of The Terrorism Act 2000?
DS James is not in uniform therefore does not have any police powers under s.36 in relation to making people leave or removing vehicles.
In relation to tackling Terrorism, a law enforcement thrust is very much around tackling the funding for terrorism so; inviting, providing, receiving, processing or arranging in relation to monies or property are all offences, where there must be intention or reasonable cause to suspect that it may be used for the purpose of terrorism. There is also using money and concealing/moving/transferring money or other property for the purpose of terrorism. What sentences are these offences punishable with?
14 years
Patrick is on holiday with his friend Phil. They are steadily getting drunk in a bar when Patrick tells Phil that his brother Tommy is wanted for Terrorism offences after he got involved with an extremist group. Phil tells Patrick that he is aware of this as he saw it on the news. Patrick taps his nose and says, ‘Yes but what they didn’t tell you is that Tommy is hiding out in the loft at The Bull and Parrot Pub in East London’. The conversation changes and the next morning Patrick confesses to not remembering what was said the night before.
Considering the offence of Information about Acts of Terrorism (Terrorism Act 2000, s.38B) which of the following is correct?
Phil needs to disclose the information as soon as practicable to a constable as it could lead to the apprehension of a wanted terrorist
Phil lives at home with his parents. He is obsessed with the film Commando and wishes to make a bomb to impress his friends. On 6th November Phil wakes up early and collects up all of the used fireworks in the area. He brings them home in a black sack and pours all of the left over gunpowder from each one into a sealed plastic pipe. He then places the sealed pipe on his window sill to show his friends. A few years later, after Phil has moved out his mother finds it and concerned takes it to the Police. Phil attends the police station and confirms it is his from many years ago. He apologises and says it was a phase he was going through and it can be disposed of.
Considering the offence of Making or Possessing Explosive under Suspicious Circumstances – Explosive Substances Act 1883, s.4 which of the following is correct?
Phil is still guilty of the offence under these circumstances
Hooper and Martin are two bored 15 year olds. They find a canister filled with petrol and for a laugh fill up two milk bottles and put rags in the top. Their plan is to wait for Neville to walk home from school and to throw the lit milk bottle behind him to scare him. They see Neville and throw the bottle filled with petrol. The bottle hits the ground and causes a massive explosion, much bigger than they expected and causes serious burns to Neville. They run over and help Neville instantly regretting what they have done.
Considering the offence of Causing Explosion Likely to Endanger Life or Property (Explosive Substances Act 1883, s.2) is the offence made out?
The offence is not made out as Hopper and Martin have not been malicious in their actions.
Rolf decides to phone his local radio station and say ‘There’s a bomb going off in 5 minutes’. He does it for a joke, not intending anyone to take him seriously.
Has Rolf committed the offence of Communicating False Information under the Criminal Law Act 1977?
No because it was a joke. This is an offence of specific intent, therefore the defendant’s mindset is important. The Act talks about an intention of inducing in him or any other person a false belief that a bomb or other thing is liable to explode or ignite is present in any place
Bill goes and buys three boxes of fireworks. He is aware that the local school will be having a bonfire that night and have built a large structure ready to be lit. He places all of the fireworks underneath the wood of the bonfire concealing it from view. He is well aware that when the fire hits, all of the fireworks will go off instantaneously and cause a huge explosion.
Considering the offence of Causing Explosion Likely to Endanger Life or Property (Explosive Substances Act 1883, s.2) is the offence made out?
The offence is made out in these circumstances
“Criminal intent is required in relation to ‘Making or Possessing Explosive under Suspicious Circumstances – Explosive Substances Act 1883, s.4”
Is the above statement correct?
Criminal intent is not required for this offence to be made out
