Terrorism

Question 1

What is the three motivations for terrorism

Answer 1

Political change, Attention, Support

Question 2

What are the four things needed for something to qualify as terrorism

Answer 2

• Civilian or Non-combatant targets -
• intent to incite terror
• Uses or threatens violence
• has a political objective

Question 3

Political change as a motivation?

Answer 3

some terror attacks are planned in a manner to cause direct political change whilst all terrorism has a political cause, not all actions will expect immediate shift

Question 4

Attention as a motivation?

Answer 4

some terror attacks largely pursue attention to raise awareness for their political cause, these acts seek to bring attention by undertaking attacks that draw attention of the media and broader population

Question 5

Support as a motivation

Answer 5

Support: by using terrorism to advocate for their political cause they can try and garner support.

Question 6

What are the five and a half root causes for terrorism?

Answer 6

ethnic terrorism, Religious fundamentalism, Nationalist separatist,
Right wing extremism, Oppression driven terrorism. (globalisation)

Question 7

Ethnic terrorism:

Answer 7

terrorism that is driven by the desire to preserve or promote the interests of a specific ethnic group usually enacted against another ethnic group who they perceive challenges or oppresses them. Ex Tamil tigers

Question 8

National separatism

Answer 8

terrorism driven by the desire to restore or obtain sovereignty for a group of people, usually enacted against representatives of their perceived political oppressors Ex. Balkans

Question 9

Religious fundamentalism

Answer 9

terrorism fuelled by an extreme uncritical enthusiasm for a religious standpoint, usually committed against those who reject their beliefs, or whose actions they perceive to threaten the future of their preferred religion. Ex ISIS

Question 10

Right-wing extremism

Answer 10

Terrorism driven by a spectrum of political thought that tends to be radically conservative, ultra-nationalist, and authoritarian at times, far right terrorism may be protective of existing power structures, while at other times, it may be seeking to install new ones.

Question 11

Oppression driven terrorism

Answer 11

those who are not granted the rights or freedoms that they deem appropriate, or who do not have the political power within their society to voice their opinions freely may turn to acts of violence.

Question 12

Globalisation

Answer 12

it exacerbates terrorism and sentiment of inequality in the world

Question 13

Lone wolf

Answer 13

Lone wolf: an individual acting to overcome the root cause that they are passionate about. They act individually, without external support or organisation . (individual person acting by themselves)

Question 14

Decentralised cells

Answer 14

Decentralised cells: groups that have many parts who do not actively communicate with one another. They may all report to one leader or leadership group but plans or actions themselves are not communicated to all parties.

Question 15

Hierarchical groups

Answer 15

Hierarchical groups: terrorist organisations which operate under the direction of one central leader. Individuals within the group have defined roles and terrorist acts are communicates and planned as a whole

Question 16

State sponsored terrorism; active sponsorship

Answer 16

Active sponsorship: actively does something to help them, money, training, ammunitions, propaganda, safe haven

Question 17

State sponsored terrorism; passive sponsorship

Answer 17

Passive sponsorship: state deliberately choosing not to do something allows the terrorist organisation to thrive.

Question 18

What are the reasons state sponsored terrorism occurs

Answer 18

Plausible deniability, projecting military power, gives state control locally, state unable to deal with it.

Question 19

State terrorism

Answer 19

Passive sponsorship: state deliberately choosing not to do something allows the terrorist organisation to thrive.

Question 20

State sponsored terrorism

Answer 20

acts of terrorism conducted by a non state actor with the support of a state or its representatives

Question 21

Non state terrorism

Answer 21

Acts of terrorism conducted by non-state actors, individuals or groups without connection to or the support of government bodies.