Terror Flashcards
When was the Cheka
1917
What did the Cheka act against?
Revolutionaries and sabotage
Who created the Cheka
Lenin
What did the Cheka do?
Orchestrated Red terror during civil war
How many shots by Cheka during 1921-22
200K
Did Cheka operate outside the law
Yes
Who led the Cheka?
“ iron felix” - Dzerhinsky
When was the OGPU created?
1923
OGPU was a…
Larger, more professional force
Was the OGPU separate from the the gov & party?
Increasingly separarte
OGPU establishes…
The gulag system
OGPU led by? Up to what year?
Dzerhinsky up to his death in 1926
When was the NKVD created?
1934
When was the NKVD powerful and why?
By mid 1930s fue to show trials
Who ran the NKVD?
Yagoda, Yezhov and Beria
The NKVD greatly expanded?
Gulags
Did the NKVD operate outside the law?
Completely outside
Execution without trial very common
When was the KGB created
1954
The KGB was far more… than NKVD
Professional
KGB was controlled by…?
The party
The KGB had a key role in what?
Foreign espionage in Cold War
Did the KGB use terror to control population?
No
But oppression of dissidents
Who ran the the KGB
From what year to what year?
Andropov
1967-1982
How did yagoda expand the use of the OGPU?
Rapid expansion of gulag, chief administrator of corrective labour camps
Changes in gulags under yagoda
- economic considerations
- exploiting economic resources
- achievements: White Sea canal
- 141 mile canal used up to 180,000 labourers from the gulag
In what year was Yagoda accused of incompetence in safeguarding Kirov?
1936
Who speeded the process of arrest, trial and imprisonment
Yezhov
How many people made up the courts? How were the courts called?
Made up of 3 people
Troikas
In September 1937…… processed …….. prisoners each day
The Karelian troika
231 prisoners
Who introduced the Conveyor belt system” and what was it
Yezhov
Speed up process of greying confessions from NKV system
What aspects of life did Yezhov attacck
Party army industry &collective farms
How many people arrested during Yezhov period
1.5m arrests
(10% of male adult population were arrested by the NKVD
From what year to what year was Yezhovshchina and how many ppl deported to Siberia and hour many ppl executed
635,000 deported to Siberia
680,000 executed
Percentage of men targeted during Yezhov
95%
When did Yezhiv resign
1938
When was Yezhov executed
1939
What did Beria want to do W/gulags
Make it more profitable
How many roubles were there in 1937 and how many in 1940
Beria
2b in 1937
4.5b in 1940
Under Beria the gulags reached its….
Biggest expanse
Under Beria what was the quantity of gold that came from the gulags
1/3 of Russia’s gold
What was Smersh and who set it up
Beria
Dealt w/ suspects spies & involved to root out traitors & involved in the morder of more than 4,000 polish officers at Katyn in 1943
What did Beria do in 1944?
Ordered deportations to Siberia of all 460,000 Chenchens from their homelands in Chechnya within 7 days
How many people did Beria interrogate in 1945?
1.5m
What was the Leningrad affair and when did it happen?
1949
Stalin launched a purge aguanta officials in Leningrad party he claimed that they acted independently around 200 party members arrested & forces to confess crimes against the party
What was the doctors plot and when was it
1952-53
Stalin’s medical staff arrested for trying to poison Stalin
Most accused Jews
When did Andropov cami to power?
1967
An intellectual dissident
Andrei Sakharov
Andrei Sakharov was famous for?
My country and the world
Lead scientist m in H-Bomb development
Nobel literature
Expample of political dissident?
Leónid Boronid- writer- open orthodox
Example of religious dissidents
Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Member of Russian Orthodox Church
What famous Novel did Alexander Solzhenitsyn wrote?
The gulag archipiélago, 1968
When did Alexander Solzhenitsyn receive the Nobel prize
1979
