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Anthropology > Terms to study for anth > Flashcards

Terms to study for anth Flashcards

1
Q

The cultural construction of whether one is female, male or something else

A

Gender

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2
Q

The tasks and activities that a culture assigns to each sex

A

gender roles

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3
Q

The gender neutral way to refer to someone of Latin American origin or descent.

A

Latinx

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4
Q

adopts the letter “e” from the Spanish language as a representation of gender neutrality.

A

Latine

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5
Q

border

A

Frontera

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6
Q

intense emotional release

A

Catharsis

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7
Q

an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.

A

Capitalism

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8
Q

a sociopolitical organization and economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the government, rather than by individuals or corporations

A

Socialism

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9
Q

A social system in which property is owned by the community and people work for the common good

A

Communism

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10
Q

In Europe, after 1750, the socioeconomic transformation through industrialization

A

Industrial Revolution

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11
Q

a global movement in society and culture that from the early decades of the twentieth century sought a new alignment with the experience and values of modern industrial life.

A

Modernism

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12
Q

the principle that governments shouldn’t regulate private enterprise: free market forces should rule

A

Neoliberalism

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13
Q

the historical period or state of affairs representing the aftermath of Western colonialism

A

Postcolonialism

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14
Q

undoing of colonialism

A

Decolonialism

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15
Q

The accelerating interdependence of nations in the world system today

A

Globalization

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16
Q

extending or operating across national boundaries.

A

Transnational

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17
Q

caused by humans and their activities

A

Anthropogenic

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18
Q

Ecological anthropology

A

Ecological anthropology

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19
Q

A culture’s set of environmental perceptions and practices

A

Ethnoecology

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20
Q

the fact of originating or occurring naturally in a particular place

A

Indigeneity

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21
Q

The deliberate suppression or destruction of an ethnic culture by a dominate group

A

Ethnocide

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22
Q

Viewing identities that have developed historically as innate and unchanging

A

Essentialism

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23
Q

Mestizo is a term used for racial classification to refer to a person of mixed European and Indigenous American ancestry.

A

Mestizaje

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24
Q

A movement after modernism in architecture, now describes comparable developments in music, literature, and visual arts.

A

Postmodernism

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25
Q

people who have spread out from an original ancestorial homeland

A

diaspora

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26
Q

naiveness by virtue of originating or occurring naturally (as in a particular place)

A

Autochthony

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27
Q

research approach for exploring the social interactions that take place in virtual environments.

A

virtual ethnography

28
Q

traced to Fernand Braudel. The ideal that a discernible social system based on wealth and power differentials, transcends individual countries

A

world system theory

29
Q

The main goal of colonialism is extraction of economic benefits from the colony.

A

Roots of colonialsim

30
Q

A stratified social order in which subordinates accept hierarchy as “natural”

A

Hegemony

31
Q

The dominate position in the world system, nations with advanced systems of production

A

Core nation

32
Q

The weakest structural and economic position in the world system

A

periphery nation

33
Q

The position in the world system intermediate between the core and the periphery

A

semi-periphery nation

34
Q

A conscious policy aimed at seizing and ruling foreign territory and peoples

A

Imperialism

35
Q

a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country.

A

colony

36
Q

A country with its own internal government but under the control of an outside sovereign power

A

protectorate

37
Q

An area in which an outside sovereign powers claim exclusive trading privileges

A

Sphere of influence

38
Q

A nation controlled more by private business interests than by another sovereign government power

A

economic imperialism

39
Q

Fieldwork in a particular cultural setting

A

Ethnography

40
Q

The comparative, cross-cultural study of human society and culture

A

Cultural Anthropology

41
Q

a carnivalesque dance troupe that emerged in Spain in the early 17th century

A

Matachines

42
Q

the combination of different forms of belief or practice

A

Indigenous syncretism

43
Q

an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States that created a trilateral trade bloc in North America.

A

NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)

44
Q

a Scottish economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the thinking of political economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment. he was an 18th-century Scottish philosopher. He is considered the father of modern economics and is most famous for his 1776 book, “The Wealth of Nations.”

A

Adam Smith

45
Q

transatlantic slave trade, or Euro-American slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people, mainly to the Americas.

A

Atlantic slave trade

46
Q

is a K’iche’ Guatemalan human rights activist, feminist, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate. she has dedicated her life to publicizing the rights of Guatemala’s Indigenous peoples during and after the Guatemalan Civil War, and to promoting Indigenous rights internationally.

A

Rigoberta Menchú

47
Q

determined by the social class of the family. The early American colonists who had immigrated from Europe followed the standards of education that used in the ‘mother countries’ and were based on wealth and class.

A

colonial education

48
Q

Identification with, and feeling part of, an ethnic group and exclusion from certain groups because of affiliation

A

ethnicity

49
Q

the unique set of characteristics that can be used to identify a person as themself and no one else.

A

identity

50
Q

is a cross between two separate races, plants or cultures

A

hybridity

51
Q

a system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.

A

ideology

52
Q

the imitation or depiction of aspects in the Eastern world. These depictions are usually done by writers, designers, and artists from the Western world.

A

Orientalism

53
Q

the study of signs and symbols and their use or interpretation.

A

semiotics

54
Q

designates and identifies the colonial populations who are socially, politically, and geographically excluded from the hierarchy of power of an imperial colony and from the metropolitan homeland of an empire.

A

Subaltern

55
Q

The practice of collaborative research and action with people involved in a political struggle.

A

Activist anthropology

56
Q

“Refers to all people in this country whose ancestry is predominantly from one or more Spanish-Speaking countries” (Suzane Oboler)

A

Hispanic

57
Q

On January 1, 1994, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation coordinated a 12-day Zapatista uprising in the state of Chiapas, Mexico in protest of NAFTA’s enactment.

A

Zapatista movement

58
Q

a region that is difficult to define. It is sometimes considered a geographic region that includes the entire Caribbean, I.e, all Western

A

Latin America

59
Q

the right or condition of self-government.

A

Autonomy

60
Q

period of time during which human activities have impacted the environment enough to constitute a distinct geological change.

A

Anthropocene

61
Q

The acculturative influence of western expansion on local cultures worldwide.

A

Westernization

62
Q

practice by which researchers and research participants together decide not to make particular information available for use within the academy.

A

Ethnographic refusal

63
Q

Spanish-language term that refers to the various attributes shared by Latin American people and their descendants without reducing those similarities to any single essential trait.

A

Latinidades

64
Q

quieting your brain and resisting the instinct to respond with your own thoughts.

A

Radical listening

65
Q

(in Marxist contexts) the capitalist class who own most of society’s wealth and means of production.

A

Bourgeoise

66
Q

= states bordering either side of U.S.-Mexico boundary

A

(SWNR) southwest North America Region

Anthropology (2 decks)

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