Terms to study for anth Flashcards
The cultural construction of whether one is female, male or something else
Gender
The tasks and activities that a culture assigns to each sex
gender roles
The gender neutral way to refer to someone of Latin American origin or descent.
Latinx
adopts the letter “e” from the Spanish language as a representation of gender neutrality.
Latine
border
Frontera
intense emotional release
Catharsis
an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.
Capitalism
a sociopolitical organization and economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the government, rather than by individuals or corporations
Socialism
A social system in which property is owned by the community and people work for the common good
Communism
In Europe, after 1750, the socioeconomic transformation through industrialization
Industrial Revolution
a global movement in society and culture that from the early decades of the twentieth century sought a new alignment with the experience and values of modern industrial life.
Modernism
the principle that governments shouldn’t regulate private enterprise: free market forces should rule
Neoliberalism
the historical period or state of affairs representing the aftermath of Western colonialism
Postcolonialism
undoing of colonialism
Decolonialism
The accelerating interdependence of nations in the world system today
Globalization
extending or operating across national boundaries.
Transnational
caused by humans and their activities
Anthropogenic
Ecological anthropology
Ecological anthropology
A culture’s set of environmental perceptions and practices
Ethnoecology
the fact of originating or occurring naturally in a particular place
Indigeneity
The deliberate suppression or destruction of an ethnic culture by a dominate group
Ethnocide
Viewing identities that have developed historically as innate and unchanging
Essentialism
Mestizo is a term used for racial classification to refer to a person of mixed European and Indigenous American ancestry.
Mestizaje
A movement after modernism in architecture, now describes comparable developments in music, literature, and visual arts.
Postmodernism
people who have spread out from an original ancestorial homeland
diaspora
naiveness by virtue of originating or occurring naturally (as in a particular place)
Autochthony
research approach for exploring the social interactions that take place in virtual environments.
virtual ethnography
traced to Fernand Braudel. The ideal that a discernible social system based on wealth and power differentials, transcends individual countries
world system theory
The main goal of colonialism is extraction of economic benefits from the colony.
Roots of colonialsim
A stratified social order in which subordinates accept hierarchy as “natural”
Hegemony
The dominate position in the world system, nations with advanced systems of production
Core nation
The weakest structural and economic position in the world system
periphery nation
The position in the world system intermediate between the core and the periphery
semi-periphery nation
A conscious policy aimed at seizing and ruling foreign territory and peoples
Imperialism
a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country.
colony
A country with its own internal government but under the control of an outside sovereign power
protectorate
An area in which an outside sovereign powers claim exclusive trading privileges
Sphere of influence
A nation controlled more by private business interests than by another sovereign government power
economic imperialism
Fieldwork in a particular cultural setting
Ethnography
The comparative, cross-cultural study of human society and culture
Cultural Anthropology
a carnivalesque dance troupe that emerged in Spain in the early 17th century
Matachines
the combination of different forms of belief or practice
Indigenous syncretism
an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States that created a trilateral trade bloc in North America.
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)
a Scottish economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the thinking of political economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment. he was an 18th-century Scottish philosopher. He is considered the father of modern economics and is most famous for his 1776 book, “The Wealth of Nations.”
Adam Smith
transatlantic slave trade, or Euro-American slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people, mainly to the Americas.
Atlantic slave trade
is a K’iche’ Guatemalan human rights activist, feminist, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate. she has dedicated her life to publicizing the rights of Guatemala’s Indigenous peoples during and after the Guatemalan Civil War, and to promoting Indigenous rights internationally.
Rigoberta Menchú
determined by the social class of the family. The early American colonists who had immigrated from Europe followed the standards of education that used in the ‘mother countries’ and were based on wealth and class.
colonial education
Identification with, and feeling part of, an ethnic group and exclusion from certain groups because of affiliation
ethnicity
the unique set of characteristics that can be used to identify a person as themself and no one else.
identity
is a cross between two separate races, plants or cultures
hybridity
a system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.
ideology
the imitation or depiction of aspects in the Eastern world. These depictions are usually done by writers, designers, and artists from the Western world.
Orientalism
the study of signs and symbols and their use or interpretation.
semiotics
designates and identifies the colonial populations who are socially, politically, and geographically excluded from the hierarchy of power of an imperial colony and from the metropolitan homeland of an empire.
Subaltern
The practice of collaborative research and action with people involved in a political struggle.
Activist anthropology
“Refers to all people in this country whose ancestry is predominantly from one or more Spanish-Speaking countries” (Suzane Oboler)
Hispanic
On January 1, 1994, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation coordinated a 12-day Zapatista uprising in the state of Chiapas, Mexico in protest of NAFTA’s enactment.
Zapatista movement
a region that is difficult to define. It is sometimes considered a geographic region that includes the entire Caribbean, I.e, all Western
Latin America
the right or condition of self-government.
Autonomy
period of time during which human activities have impacted the environment enough to constitute a distinct geological change.
Anthropocene
The acculturative influence of western expansion on local cultures worldwide.
Westernization
practice by which researchers and research participants together decide not to make particular information available for use within the academy.
Ethnographic refusal
Spanish-language term that refers to the various attributes shared by Latin American people and their descendants without reducing those similarities to any single essential trait.
Latinidades
quieting your brain and resisting the instinct to respond with your own thoughts.
Radical listening
(in Marxist contexts) the capitalist class who own most of society’s wealth and means of production.
Bourgeoise
= states bordering either side of U.S.-Mexico boundary
(SWNR) southwest North America Region
