Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PLT > Terms to Know > Flashcards

Terms to Know Flashcards

1
Q

Assimilation

A

Responding to a new event or object that is consistent with an existing scheme.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

A process of behavior modification by which a person comes to respond in the desired manner to what was once a neutral stimulus. The neutral stimulus is repeatedly presented with an unconditioned stimulus (smell of food) that eventually elicits the desired response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Conservation

A

Knowing that a number or amount stays the same even when rearranged or presented in a different shape

(Pouring a set amount of liquid into two different size containers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Constructivism

A

A philosophy of learning based on the premise that people construct their own understanding of the world they live in through reflection on experiences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Convergent thinking

A

A process of gathering several pieces of information together to solve a problem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Creativity

A

New and original behavior that creates a culturally appropriate product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Declarative knowledge

A

Knowledge of what is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Procedural knowledge

A

Knowledge of how to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Conditional knowledge

A

Knowledge of when again - students transfer or use new knowledge in another situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Discovery learning

A

Teaching methods that enable students to discover information by themselves or in groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Disequilibrium

A

One’s ability to explain new events based on existing schemes, which is usually accompanied by discomfort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Disposition

A

A person’s natural tendency to approach earning or problem solving in new ways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Distributed cognition

A

A process in which two or more learners share their thinking as they work together to solve a problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Divergent thinking

A

The process of mentally taking a single idea and expanding it in several directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Equilibration

A

Movement fro equilibrium to disequilibrium and then back to equilibrium again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Long-term Memory

A

The part of memory that holds skills and knowledge for a long time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Metacognition

A

A person’s ability to think about her own thinking; self-awareness, self-regulation

Students are able to explain her own thinking and describe which strategies she uses to solve problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Problem Solving

A

The use existing knowledge and skills to solve problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Readiness to Learn

A

Students basic needs are met (food, sleep, safety, love) and the student is cognitively ready for developmentally appropriate learning and problem solving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Response

A

A specific behavior that a person demonstrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Scaffolding

A

Instructional supports provided by an adult or capable student in a learning situation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Schema

A

A concept in the mind about events, scenarios, actions, or objects that have been acquired from past experience. The mind must have previous experiences with which to associate new information to ensure that it is learned.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Self-efficacy

A

The belief that one is capable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Self-regulation

A

The process of taking control of one’s own learning or behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Stimulus (stimuli)

A

A specific object or event that influences (positively or negatively) a person’s learning or behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Transfer

A

The ability to apply a lesson learned in a new situation

27
Q

Working memory

A

Short-term memory; limited amount of information

28
Q

Zone of Proximal Development

A

Vygotsky

Students learn best in a social context in which a more-able adult or peer teaches the student something that she could not have learned on her own

29
Q

Operant conditioning

A

The learner modifies her own behavior based on the association of the behavior with a stimulus

30
Q

Accommodation

A

Responding to a new event or object by changing an existing scheme or creating a new scheme.

31
Q

Acculturation

A

Process of learning and adopting the customs and values of another culture

32
Q

Attention deficit disorder (ADD)

A

Can impact learning. Students may have difficulty focusing, following directions, organizing, making transitions, completeing tasks, etc.

33
Q

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

Can impact student learning. May have difficulty focusing, organizing, impulsivity, sitting still, taking turns

34
Q

Auditory learner

A

Students process information through listening (lectures, discussions, read aloud)

35
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

A

Pervasive developmental delays including Asperger’s Syndrome. ASD students have difficulty socializing and communicating

36
Q

Behavior Disorder (BD)

A

A type of disruptive behavior disorder in children and adolescents. Students may violate rules, show aggression towards others, destroy property, or practice deceitfulness

37
Q

Cognitive Style

A

A person’s way of perceiving and remembering information; the way a person thinks or solves poblems

38
Q

Concrete operational thinker

A

Children ages 7 - 11 think in logical terms, not in abstract terms. Children require hands-on experiences to learn concepts

39
Q

Developmental delays

A

Identified by a medical profession before the age of 22 and students can have more than one.

Self-care, expressive or receptive language, learning, mobility, self-direction

40
Q

Disposition

A

A person’s overall approach and temperament when solving problems, learning, and thinking

41
Q

ELL, ESL, PLNE

A

English Language Learner
English as a Second Language
Primary Language not English

Students who are learning English as a 2nd, 3rd, or 4th language.

42
Q

Formal operational thinkers

A

Children ages 11 - 15 develop hypothetical and abstract thinking. Students can use logical operations to work abstract problems.

43
Q

Functional Mental Retardation (MR)

A

Students who experience difficulties with age specific activities, communication, daily living activities, getting along with others

44
Q

Giftedness

A

Significantly higher than usual ability or aptitude in one or more areas

45
Q

Kinesthetic learner

A

Students process information through moving and doing (act out scenes, put on play, use manipulatives)

46
Q

Learning Disabilities (LD)

A

LD students are not learning to their potential in one or more areas (reading, writing, oral language, math). Characteristics include:

  • Poor coordination
  • Poor depth perception
  • Short attention span
  • Impulsivity
  • Difficulty following simple directions
  • Hyperactivity
  • Distractibility
  • Limited vocabulary
  • Difficulty recalling
47
Q

Physical (Sensory) Difficulties

A

Physical or medical conditions that affect school performance significantly (health, visual, hearing)

48
Q

Tactile learner

A

Process information through touching (active involvement, hands-on experiences)

49
Q

Visual Learner

A

Process information through seeing (visual displays, films, graphic organizers, handouts, bulletin boards)

50
Q

Attribution

A

When one constructs a casual explanation for failure or success

51
Q

Classical conditioning

A

A process of behavior modification by which a person responds in the desired manner along with an unconditioned stimulus (smell of food) to eventually elicits the desired response.

52
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

A feeling of mental discomfort in which new information conflicts with beliefs or previously learned information

53
Q

Extrinsic Motivation

A

Motivation that comes from external sources or from outside a person (stickers, behavior charts, incentives for learning)

54
Q

Facilitating Anxiety

A

A low level of anxiety can enhance student learning and performance on classroom assessments (knowledge of an upcoming pop quiz)

55
Q

Debilitating Anxiety

A

High level anxiety that detracts from a student’s ability to concentrate on the task or even attempt the task out of far and intense concern

56
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

Motivation that comes from within (providing time for reflection, helping students see what they have learned and its importance)

57
Q

Learned helplessness

A

A tendency for a person to be a passive learner who is dependent on others for guidance and decision making.

58
Q

Operant conditioning

A

The learner modifies her own behavior based on the association of the behavior with a stimulus.

59
Q

Punishment

A

The goal of punishment is to weaken or extinguish an undesired behavior. Punishment involves adding a new stimulus to decrease an undesired behavior.

(Skinner)

60
Q

Reinforcement

A

The process or action of strengthening or reinforcing a behavior.

Positive reinforcement- involves a stimulus to increase a desired response

Negative reinforcement- removing a negative stimulus to increase a desired response

(Skinner)

61
Q

Self-determination

A

A paradigm that suggests that humans have a basic need for autonomy when it comes to the courses their lives take

62
Q

Accommodation

A

Adjustments to the student’s task, learning environment, or supports provided without changing academic achievement expectations

63
Q

Modifications

A

Changes to curriculum expectations because the curriculum is beyond the student’s level of ability

PLT (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions