Terms to Know Flashcards
ChromatiN
non-condensed chromosomes (squiggles lines)
1 chromosome contains __ __ __
2 sisters chromaTids
homologous chromosomes
have the same gene in the same location. all within one chromosome one allele/chromatid
chromatid
half of a chromosome.
2 chromatids make 1__
chromosome
tetrad
the name for 2 homologous chromosomes
p-arm is short or long
short
q-arm is short or long
long
the centromere is the point of attachment for __ microtuburels
kinetochore
distal
away
proximal
towards/ close to
heterochromatin
includes all types of satellite sequences
facultative chromatin are made if
long, interspaced nuclear components
G-bands
staining the karyotype
metacentric chromo shape
“normal” shape
submetacentric shape
p-arm is a lot shorter than the q-arm
telocentric
no p arm
CVS
the baby test answer
spectral karyotype
all chromsomes 1-23
centrosome
organelle where microtubules originate
spindle fiber make up __
microtubules
kinetochore microtubes touch what structure
chromosome
astral microtubes move towards the __ __ to help __ the cell further apart
cell membrane, push
polar microtubules ___ each other to help further push the chromosomes apart
overlap
what microtubules are most active during anaphase A
kinetochore
what microtubules are active during anaphase B
Astral
which anaphase, A or B, is longer
A
name the substages of Prophase 1 in order
Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis
Leptotene is where the chromosomes
being to condense, line up
Zygotene is when the
synap. complex forms
Pachytene is when ___ ___ occurs
crossing over
Diplotene is when __ __ stops
crossing over
Diakinesis is when the ___
nuclear envelope begins to dissolve
Chisasmata is when __ __ occurs
crossing over
synapsis holds chromosomes ___ for crossing over to occur
togther
reductional division occurs in meiosis 1,2 or mitosis
meiosis 1
equation division occurs in meiosis 1,2 or mitosis
meiosis 2, mitosis
nondisjunction is when the __ ___ don’t separate
sister chromatids
how to calculate the genotype frequency
- add all #s of AA, Aa, aa together to get a total #
- divide each AA over the total to get its frequency
how to calculate x^2
- observed - expected
- (o-e)^2
- (o-e)^2/2
- add together all final values for each to get the x^2
if you have a chi-squared value of 6.2 which produces a P-value of 0.2-0.1, do you reject or support the hypothesis?
support the hypothesis
telomere is the region on the ___ chromosome containing repetitive __ ___
end, DNA sequences
euchromatin is chromosome material which __ stain strongly except during __ __
doesn’t, cell division
animocentesis is used for prenatal diagnosis of __ conditions
genetic
tubilin is a family of __
proteins
Synaptonemal complex is the structure that forms between homologous chromosomes during meiosis that __ them together to allow for __ __ to occur
holds, crossing over
recombination nodule is observed during ___, and they may be involved in homologous synapsis and early events in ___.
Zygotene, recombination
14q21 represents position __ on the __ arm of chromosome __
21, q, 14
The way to read “14q21” is chromosome __, chromosome __, gene __
number, arm, position
