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Genetics > Terms to Know > Flashcards

Terms to Know Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

ChromatiN

A

non-condensed chromosomes (squiggles lines)

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2
Q

1 chromosome contains __ __ __

A

2 sisters chromaTids

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3
Q

homologous chromosomes

A

have the same gene in the same location. all within one chromosome one allele/chromatid

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4
Q

chromatid

A

half of a chromosome.

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5
Q

2 chromatids make 1__

A

chromosome

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6
Q

tetrad

A

the name for 2 homologous chromosomes

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7
Q

p-arm is short or long

A

short

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8
Q

q-arm is short or long

A

long

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9
Q

the centromere is the point of attachment for __ microtuburels

A

kinetochore

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10
Q

distal

A

away

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11
Q

proximal

A

towards/ close to

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12
Q

heterochromatin

A

includes all types of satellite sequences

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13
Q

facultative chromatin are made if

A

long, interspaced nuclear components

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14
Q

G-bands

A

staining the karyotype

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15
Q

metacentric chromo shape

A

“normal” shape

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16
Q

submetacentric shape

A

p-arm is a lot shorter than the q-arm

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17
Q

telocentric

A

no p arm

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18
Q

CVS

A

the baby test answer

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19
Q

spectral karyotype

A

all chromsomes 1-23

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20
Q

centrosome

A

organelle where microtubules originate

21
Q

spindle fiber make up __

A

microtubules

22
Q

kinetochore microtubes touch what structure

A

chromosome

23
Q

astral microtubes move towards the __ __ to help __ the cell further apart

A

cell membrane, push

24
Q

polar microtubules ___ each other to help further push the chromosomes apart

A

overlap

25
Q

what microtubules are most active during anaphase A

A

kinetochore

26
Q

what microtubules are active during anaphase B

A

Astral

27
Q

which anaphase, A or B, is longer

A

A

28
Q

name the substages of Prophase 1 in order

A

Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

29
Q

Leptotene is where the chromosomes

A

being to condense, line up

30
Q

Zygotene is when the

A

synap. complex forms

31
Q

Pachytene is when ___ ___ occurs

A

crossing over

32
Q

Diplotene is when __ __ stops

A

crossing over

33
Q

Diakinesis is when the ___

A

nuclear envelope begins to dissolve

34
Q

Chisasmata is when __ __ occurs

A

crossing over

35
Q

synapsis holds chromosomes ___ for crossing over to occur

A

togther

36
Q

reductional division occurs in meiosis 1,2 or mitosis

A

meiosis 1

37
Q

equation division occurs in meiosis 1,2 or mitosis

A

meiosis 2, mitosis

38
Q

nondisjunction is when the __ ___ don’t separate

A

sister chromatids

39
Q

how to calculate the genotype frequency

A
  1. add all #s of AA, Aa, aa together to get a total #
  2. divide each AA over the total to get its frequency
40
Q

how to calculate x^2

A
  1. observed - expected
  2. (o-e)^2
  3. (o-e)^2/2
  4. add together all final values for each to get the x^2
41
Q

if you have a chi-squared value of 6.2 which produces a P-value of 0.2-0.1, do you reject or support the hypothesis?

A

support the hypothesis

42
Q

telomere is the region on the ___ chromosome containing repetitive __ ___

A

end, DNA sequences

43
Q

euchromatin is chromosome material which __ stain strongly except during __ __

A

doesn’t, cell division

44
Q

animocentesis is used for prenatal diagnosis of __ conditions

A

genetic

45
Q

tubilin is a family of __

A

proteins

46
Q

Synaptonemal complex is the structure that forms between homologous chromosomes during meiosis that __ them together to allow for __ __ to occur

A

holds, crossing over

47
Q

recombination nodule is observed during ___, and they may be involved in homologous synapsis and early events in ___.

A

Zygotene, recombination

48
Q

14q21 represents position __ on the __ arm of chromosome __

A

21, q, 14

49
Q

The way to read “14q21” is chromosome __, chromosome __, gene __

A

number, arm, position

Genetics (15 decks)

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