Terms to Know

Question 1

ChromatiN

Answer 1

non-condensed chromosomes (squiggles lines)

Question 2

1 chromosome contains __ __ __

Answer 2

2 sisters chromaTids

Question 3

homologous chromosomes

Answer 3

have the same gene in the same location. all within one chromosome one allele/chromatid

Question 4

chromatid

Answer 4

half of a chromosome.

Question 5

2 chromatids make 1__

Answer 5

chromosome

Question 6

tetrad

Answer 6

the name for 2 homologous chromosomes

Question 7

p-arm is short or long

Answer 7

short

Question 8

q-arm is short or long

Answer 8

long

Question 9

the centromere is the point of attachment for __ microtuburels

Answer 9

kinetochore

Question 10

distal

Answer 10

away

Question 11

proximal

Answer 11

towards/ close to

Question 12

heterochromatin

Answer 12

includes all types of satellite sequences

Question 13

facultative chromatin are made if

Answer 13

long, interspaced nuclear components

Question 14

G-bands

Answer 14

staining the karyotype

Question 15

metacentric chromo shape

Answer 15

“normal” shape

Question 16

submetacentric shape

Answer 16

p-arm is a lot shorter than the q-arm

Question 17

telocentric

Answer 17

no p arm

Question 18

CVS

Answer 18

the baby test answer

Question 19

spectral karyotype

Answer 19

all chromsomes 1-23

Question 20

centrosome

Answer 20

organelle where microtubules originate

Question 21

spindle fiber make up __

Answer 21

microtubules

Question 22

kinetochore microtubes touch what structure

Answer 22

chromosome

Question 23

astral microtubes move towards the __ __ to help __ the cell further apart

Answer 23

cell membrane, push

Question 24

polar microtubules ___ each other to help further push the chromosomes apart

Answer 24

overlap

Question 25

what microtubules are most active during anaphase A

Answer 25

kinetochore

Question 26

what microtubules are active during anaphase B

Answer 26

Astral

Question 27

which anaphase, A or B, is longer

Answer 27

A

Question 28

name the substages of Prophase 1 in order

Answer 28

Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

Question 29

Leptotene is where the chromosomes

Answer 29

being to condense, line up

Question 30

Zygotene is when the

Answer 30

synap. complex forms

Question 31

Pachytene is when ___ ___ occurs

Answer 31

crossing over

Question 32

Diplotene is when __ __ stops

Answer 32

crossing over

Question 33

Diakinesis is when the ___

Answer 33

nuclear envelope begins to dissolve

Question 34

Chisasmata is when __ __ occurs

Answer 34

crossing over

Question 35

synapsis holds chromosomes ___ for crossing over to occur

Answer 35

togther

Question 36

reductional division occurs in meiosis 1,2 or mitosis

Answer 36

meiosis 1

Question 37

equation division occurs in meiosis 1,2 or mitosis

Answer 37

meiosis 2, mitosis

Question 38

nondisjunction is when the __ ___ don't separate

Answer 38

sister chromatids

Question 39

how to calculate the genotype frequency

Answer 39

1. add all #s of AA, Aa, aa together to get a total # 2. divide each AA over the total to get its frequency

Question 40

how to calculate x^2

Answer 40

1. observed - expected 2. (o-e)^2 3. (o-e)^2/2 4. add together all final values for each to get the x^2

Question 41

if you have a chi-squared value of 6.2 which produces a P-value of 0.2-0.1, do you reject or support the hypothesis?

Answer 41

support the hypothesis

Question 42

telomere is the region on the ___ chromosome containing repetitive __ ___

Answer 42

end, DNA sequences

Question 43

euchromatin is chromosome material which __ stain strongly except during __ __

Answer 43

doesn't, cell division

Question 44

animocentesis is used for prenatal diagnosis of __ conditions

Answer 44

genetic

Question 45

tubilin is a family of __

Answer 45

proteins

Question 46

Synaptonemal complex is the structure that forms between homologous chromosomes during meiosis that __ them together to allow for __ __ to occur

Answer 46

holds, crossing over

Question 47

recombination nodule is observed during ___, and they may be involved in homologous synapsis and early events in ___.

Answer 47

Zygotene, recombination

Question 48

14q21 represents position __ on the __ arm of chromosome __

Answer 48

21, q, 14

Question 49

The way to read "14q21" is chromosome __, chromosome __, gene __

Answer 49

number, arm, position