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NUR 310- Health Assessment > Terms - Test 2 > Flashcards

Terms - Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Accommodation

A

The process by which the eye’s lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina.

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2
Q

Acrocyanosis

A

Persistent blue or cyanotic discoloration of the extremities, most commonly occurring in the hands, although it also occurs in the feet and distal parts of the face.

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3
Q

Adventitious sounds

A

Extra breath sounds that are not normally heard, such as crackles, rhonchi, wheezes, and pleural friction rubs.

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4
Q

Afterload

A

The force or resistance against which the heart pumps.

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5
Q

Alopecia

A

Abnormal hair loss.

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6
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Chest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen.

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7
Q

Angle of Louis

A

Visible and palpable angulation between the sternum and manubrium; also referred to as the manubriosternal junction.

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8
Q

Anisocoria

A

A condition in which the pupils are unequal in size.

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9
Q

Apgar scoring system

A

A newborn’s first respiratory assessment. Measures the successful transition to extrauterine life. Standard parameters are scored at 1 minute and 5 minutes after the birth. Most babies get an 8-9.

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10
Q

Apnea

A

Absence of breathing.

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11
Q

Ataxia

A

Impaired ability to coordinate movement.

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12
Q

Atelectasis

A

Partial or total collapse of lung tissue.

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13
Q

Biot’s respirations

A

Irregular breathing with long periods of apnea from increase intracranial pressure and brain damage.

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14
Q

Bronchial breath sounds

A

High-pitched breath sounds normally heard over the trachea and the area around the manubrium; considered abnormal if heard anywhere over the posterior or lateral chest.

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15
Q

Buccal

A

Pertaining to the inside of the cheek.

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16
Q

Bulla

A

A large blister that is usually more than 1 cm in diameter. thin walled and ruptures easily. Examples: friction blister, pemphigus, burns, contact dermatitis.

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17
Q

Café au lait spot

A

Skin lesion the color of coffee with milk.

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18
Q

Cellulitis

A

Inflammation or infection of soft tissue under the skin.

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19
Q

Central venous pressure (CVP)

A

The pressure of blood in the thoracic vena cava, near the right atrium of the heart; reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump the blood into the arterial system.

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20
Q

Cerumen

A

Another word for earwax.

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21
Q

Cherry angioma

A

A small, slightly raised, bright red area that typically appears on the face, neck, and trunk of the body. These increase in size and number with advanced age.

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22
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

A

A pattern of alternating periods of hypopnea or apnea, followed by hyperpnea.

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23
Q

Circumscribed

A

Well-defined, limited, and encircled.

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24
Q

Claudication

A

Cramp-like pains in the lower leg caused by poor blood circulation to the lower leg muscle.

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25
Q

Clonus

A

Involuntary muscle contractions and relaxations.

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26
Q

Clubbing

A

A deformity of the fingers and fingernails associated with a number of diseases, mostly of the heart and lungs

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27
Q

Coarctation

A

Narrowing of the wall of a vessel as the aorta.

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28
Q

Confluent

A

Term for skin lesions that run together.

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29
Q

Conjunctiva

A

Delicate, clear membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball.

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30
Q

Consensual reaction

A

The constriction of the pupil of one eye when a light is shone in the opposite eye.

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31
Q

Contralateral

A

On the opposite side of the body.

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32
Q

Contusion

A

Swelling, discoloration, and pain without a break in the skin (i.e., a bruise).

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33
Q

Corneal light reflex

A

Test performed by shining a light in the person’s eyes and observing where the light reflects off the corneas.

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34
Q

Costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness

A

Test in which pain is elicited by percussion of the area of the back overlying the kidney. The test is positive in people with an infection around the kidney, pyelonephritis, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, or renal stone.

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35
Q

Crackles

A

Fine crackling or bubbling sounds, commonly heard during inspiration when there is fluid in the alveoli; formerly called rales.

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36
Q

Dermatome

A

An area of the skin that is innervated by a single spinal nerve.

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37
Q

Diplopia

A

Double vision.

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38
Q

Dorsalis pedis

A

Pulse found on top of the foot.

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39
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing.

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40
Q

Edema

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in

interstitial spaces of tissues.

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41
Q

Epistaxis

A

Another word for nose bleed.

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42
Q

Erythema

A

Redness of the skin.

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43
Q

Excoriation

A

Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping. Examples: insect bites, scabies, dermatitis, varicella.

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44
Q

Fissure

A

Linear crack in the skin.

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45
Q

Flank

A

Area of the back that overlies the kidneys.

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46
Q

Fontanel

A

Unossified space or soft spot lying between the cranial bones of an infant.

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47
Q

Foramen ovale

A

A small hole that connects the right atrium and left atrium, and normally closes after birth.

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48
Q

Gallop rhythm

A

The addition of a 3rd or a 4th heart sound makes the rhythm sound like the cadence of a galloping horse.

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49
Q

Glaucoma

A

Eye disease characterized by abnormally increased intraocular pressure caused by obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor.

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50
Q

Guarding

A

Tensing of the abdominal wall muscles to guard inflamed organs within the abdomen from pain of pressure upon them. The tensing is detected when the abdominal wall is pressed.

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51
Q

Gynecomastia

A

Abnormal development of breast tissue in males.

52
Q

Hard palate

A

Boney structure that forms the roof of the mouth.

53
Q

Heave

A

Palpable, diffuse, sustained lift of the chest wall or a portion of the wall.

54
Q

Hemangioma

A

A benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels.

55
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Coughing up blood.

56
Q

Hirsutism

A

Excessive hairiness on women in those parts of the body where terminal hair does not normally occur or is minimal — for example, a beard or chest hair.

57
Q

Induration

A

Hardening of normally soft tissue or organs due to inflammation, infiltration of a neoplasm, or accumulation of blood.

58
Q

Infarct

A

Localized area of tissue necrosis caused by prolonged anoxia.

59
Q

Jaundice

A

A yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membrane, and sclera caused by increased bilirubin in the blood.

60
Q

Keloid

A

Hypertrophic scar tissue. Prevalent in nonwhite races.

61
Q

Kussmaul respiration

A

Rapid deep respiration often associated with ketoacidosis.

62
Q

Kyphosis

A

An abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side.

63
Q

Lanugo

A

Fine, downy, unpigmented hair that appears on the fetus in the last 3 months of development. Sometimes reappears with anorexia nervosa.

64
Q

Lichenification

A

Thickening of the skin characterized by accentuated skin markings; often the result of chronic scratching.

65
Q

Lordosis

A

Increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine.

66
Q

Macule

A

A discolored, flat spot that is less than 1 cm in diameter. Examples: freckles, flat nevi, petechiae, measles.

67
Q

Midclavicular line

A

Vertical line extending downward from the middle of the clavicle; used in assessment as an anatomic reference point.

68
Q

Miosis

A

Constriction of the pupil.

69
Q

Mydriasis

A

Dilation of the pupil.

70
Q

Nares

A

Another word for nostrils.

71
Q

Nodule

A

Solid skin elevation that extends into the dermal layer and that is 1 to 2 cm in diameter. Examples: xanthoma, fibroma, intradermal nevi.

72
Q

Nystagmus

A

Involuntary rapid eye movements.

73
Q

Orthopnea

A

Difficulty breathing when lying down.

74
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

A fall in systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 10 mm Hg when a person assumes a standing position.

75
Q

Otitis media

A

Middle ear infection.

76
Q

Otorrhea

A

Discharge from the ear.

77
Q

Otoscope

A

Instrument used to visually examine the external ear canal and tympanic membrane.

78
Q

Palpebral fissure

A

The open space between the

eyelids.

79
Q

Palpitation

A

Subjective experience of pounding, skipping, or racing heartbeats.

80
Q

Papule

A

A discolored spot that is less than 1 cm in diameter that you can feel. Examples: mole, molluscum, wart.

81
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing that develops after lying down for several hours and causes the patient to awaken abruptly with a feeling of suffocation and panic.

82
Q

Patch

A

Macules that are larger than 1 cm. Examples: Mongolian spot, vitiligo, café au lait spot.

83
Q

Pectus carinatum

A

Abnormal prominence of the sternum.

84
Q

Pectus excavatum

A

Abnormal depression of the sternum.

85
Q

Peristalsis

A

Alternating contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscles of the intestinal tract to propel contents forward.

86
Q

Petechiae

A

Tiny, flat purple or red spots on the surface of the skin resulting from minuscule hemorrhages within the dermal or submucosal layers.

87
Q

Plaque

A

Papules that have coalesced to form a surface elevation wider than 1 cm. Examples: psoriasis, lichen planus.

88
Q

Point of maximum impulse (PMI)

A

Area of the chest where the heartbeat is palpated strongest; usually the apical impulse, located in the fourth or fifth intercostal space along the midclavicular line.

89
Q

Popliteal pulse

A

Pulse located deeply behind the knee and felt when knee is slightly bent.

90
Q

Posterior tibial pulse

A

The pulse just behind the medial malleolus of the ankle.

91
Q

Precordium

A

The area on the anterior chest directly overlying the heart and great vessels.

92
Q

Preload

A

The amount of blood in the ventricles at end of diastole.

93
Q

Pruritus

A

Another word for itching.

94
Q

Ptosis

A

Drooping of the upper eyelid.

95
Q

Pupillary light reflex

A

The constriction of a pupil in response to light.

96
Q

Purpura

A

A general term for a hemorrhage into the tissue that is usually circumscribed. Lesions may be described as petechiae, ecchymoses, or hematomas, according to size.

97
Q

Rebound tenderness

A

Pain felt when a hand pressing on the abdomen is suddenly released.

98
Q

Red reflex

A

Red glow over the pupil created by light illuminating the retina.

99
Q

Referred pain

A

Pain that is felt in a location other than where the pain originates.

100
Q

Retraction

A

Drawing the skin backward. Caused by an increased work in breathing.

101
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

Another word for runny nose.

102
Q

Rhonchus

A

Loud, low-pitched, coarse sound similar to a snore heard on auscultation of an airway obstructed by thick secretions, muscular contraction, neoplasm, or external pressure.

103
Q

Sclera

A

The white part of the eye.

104
Q

Scleral icterus

A

Yellowing of the sclera due to

jaundice.

105
Q

Senile purpura

A

Trauma to fragile vessels on dorsum of hands; normal finding in elderly.

106
Q

Shotty node

A

Small lymph node that feels hard and nodular; generally movable and nontender; may show evidence of having been infected many times in the past.

107
Q

Snellen E chart

A

Eye chart that can be used to measure visual acuity.

108
Q

Soft palate

A

Tissue at the back of the roof of the mouth.

109
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest it.

110
Q

Strabismus

A

Condition in which the eyes are not directed at the same object or point.

111
Q

Striae

A

Another word for stretch marks.

112
Q

Stridor

A

Shrill, harsh sound heard during inspiration and caused by laryngeal obstruction

113
Q

Tail of Spence

A

Upper outer tail of the breast that extends into the axillary region.

114
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation

115
Q

Tinnitus

A

Ringing in ears.

116
Q

Tumor

A

Lesion larger than a few centimeters in diameter, firm or soft, deeper into dermis; may be benign or malignant (although “tumor” implies “cancer” to most people). Examples: lipoma, hemangioma.

117
Q

Turbinates

A

Extensions of the ethmoid bone located along the lateral wall of the nose; these fingerlike projections are covered with erectile mucosal membranes that become swollen or inflamed in response to allergy or viral invasion.

118
Q

Turgor

A

Normal resiliency of the skin.

119
Q

Urticaria (hives)

A

Wheals coalesced to form extensive reaction, intensely pruritic.

120
Q

Vertigo

A

Another word for dizziness.

121
Q

Vesicle

A

Fluid-filled, elevated, superficial lesion 1 cm or less in diameter. Clear serum flows if wall is ruptured. Examples: herpes simplex, early varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster (shingles), contact dermatitis.

122
Q

Vesicular breath sounds

A

Normal breath sounds heard over most of the lungs.

123
Q

Visceral pain

A

A poorly localized, dull or diffuse pain that arises from the abdominal organs.

124
Q

Wheal

A

Elevated, solid, transient lesion; often irregularly shaped but well demarcated. Examples: mosquito bite, allergic reaction.

125
Q

Wheeze

A

High-pitched, musical noise that sounds like a squeak; heard during auscultation of a narrowed airway.

NUR 310- Health Assessment (3 decks)

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