Terms - Sept 27, 2014 (Concerto - Ornamentation)

Question 1

Concerto (4)

Answer 1

Baroque orchestral genre for soloist(or group) and orchestra

3 movements:fast-slow-fast; 1st and 3rd in tonic key, 2nd in contrasting key.

Baroque use of ritornello form, Classical use of sonata form.

E.g. Vivaldi’s La Primavera

Question 2

Ritornello form (5)

Answer 2

Baroque concerto form.

Ripieno ( tutti) is the full orcestra that plays the ritornello theme.

Alternates nwith the soloist playing contrasting material.

*Concertino *is group of soloists in a concerto grosso.

E.g. Vivaldi’s La Primavera

Question 3

Drone(3)

Answer 3

A sustained bass note used for harmony support

Also pedal point in funtional harmony of baroque/classical

E.g. Vivsldi’s La Primavera

Question 4

Ostinato (3)

Answer 4

A short rhythimic, melodic or harmonic pattern.

Repeated thoughout a section or entire work.

E.g. Vivaldi’s La Primavera

Question 5

Oratorio (4)

Answer 5

Baroque choral genre for solo singers, chorus, orchestra.

Narrative text, but without scenery, costumes, or action.

Contains choral numbers, recitatives, solo and ensemble arias.

E.g. Handel’s Messiah.

Question 6

Libretto (3)

Answer 6

The text of an oratorio or opera.

Derived from a play,novel, or original story.

Must include text for solo arias, duets, ensemble numbers and choruses.

Question 7

French Overture (5)

Answer 7

Baroque orchestral genre in two sections

Slow homophonic opening with dotted rhythms

Followed by an Allegro in imitative polyphonic style

Serves as in introduction to an opera, ballet, or suite

E.g. Handel’s Messiah

Question 8

Da Capo Aria (3)

Answer 8

Common Baroque aria form: A-B-A

The singer embellishes the returning A section

E.g. Handel’s Messiah

Question 9

Ornamentation (4)

Answer 9

Baroque style feature

Melodic embellishments, improvised or indicated through signs

Trills, turns mordents, inverted mordents, appoggiaturas

E.g. Handel’s Messiah