Terms of Temazaro 1/23/24

Question 1

gold forint

Answer 1

Introduced by Charles I. a new stable currency to boost economy in 1325, based on the patterns of Florence

Question 2

Gate Tax

Answer 2

Introduced by Charles I to replace income from debasement of money, paid by gate

Question 3

thirtieth

Answer 3

Introduced by Charles I to replace income from debasement of money, imposed upon foreign trade

Question 4

Honor Lands

Answer 4

Introduced by Charles I to ensure loyalty of nobility. A system in which titles are connected to lands and lands are given by the king

Question 5

Banderia Army

Answer 5

New military system introduced under Charles I
Consists of the banderia of barons, banderia of counties and the banderia of the king

Question 6

urbura

Answer 6

A mining tax imposed upon miners. Reformed by Charles I so the tax isnt only paid to the king but the landowners aswell

Question 7

Personal Union

Answer 7

A political union of countries in which the ruler is the same, but the countries operate under different consistutions. Hungary had 2 personal unions w/ poland. Under louis the great and Wladyslaw Jagiellc

Question 8

Law of entailment

Answer 8

Introduced by Lewis the Great in the Laws of 1351. The land of nobles couldnt be sold/given away, only inherited. If there is no heir, the land will become royal property

Question 9

Ninth

Answer 9

Introduced by Louis the great in the laws of 1351. A new tax to be paid by serfs to their landlord, which unified the proportion of crops to be paid. It passed to prevent the movement of the serfs to of favorable taxation

Question 10

Order of the Dragon

Answer 10

Established by Sigismund in 1408 composed of loyal nobles. Its purpose was to defend the Hungarian Monarchy or the Christian Religion against the Ottoman Empire.

Question 11

Battle of Nicapolis

Answer 11

A defeat of the European crusade by the turks in 1396, which showed the weakness of the chivarly, but gave an opportunity to strengthen European defenses

Question 12

Militia portalis

Answer 12

A military reform passed by Sigismund to increase number of soldiers in the army in preparation to the Ottoman threat. Nobles had to give a soldier per 20 serfs.

Question 13

Two-lined defense of Hungary

Answer 13

A defense system created by Sigismund in preparation to the ottoman threat. The first line were the buffer states: serbia, wallachia and bosnia and the second line was the castle system built along the southern border

Question 14

Regent/governor

Answer 14

A person appointed to govern a state for the time being for the monarch is unable to rule. Hungary only ever had 3 regents, the first being John Hunyadi

Question 15

The long campaign

Answer 15

A successful military campaign led by John Hunyadi against the Turks in 1443-1444. It led to the formation of a European crusade + liberated serbia

Question 16

Battle of Varna

Answer 16

The ottoman army defeated the european crusaders (led by john hunyadi) in the final battle of the Crusade of Varna in 1444. The crusade tried to prevent further ottoman expansion in the balkans.

Question 17

Seige of Belgrade

Answer 17

A turkish attempt at expansion defeaten by John Hunyadi in 1456. The seige included encircling the city + castle + a river blockade. Broken by the army of Hunyadi and Giovanni Capistramo, an impromtu attack led to victory

Question 18

Treaty of Wiener Neuotadt

Answer 18

A foreign treaty signed by Matthias Hunyadi to buy the Holy crown back from Fredrick III in 1463. An agreement was made that the throne will pass to the Hasburgs if Matthias dies without a heir

Question 19

Hearth Tax

Answer 19

Economic reformed introduced by Matthias in 1467. Its predessor was the gate tax but now it had tobe paid after chimney, bringing more money in

Question 20

Duty of the crown

Answer 20

Economic reform introduced by Matthias, Its predeccessor was the thirtieth and the policy was the same, the name change was neccessary to abolish precious exemptions

Question 21

subsidy

Answer 21

Economic reform introduced by Matthias. Its predecessor was the emergency war tax. Now it became the main source of income + gold/gate was collected multiple times a year for the defense of the country and the maintence of the army

Question 22

THe black army

Answer 22

A military reform introduced by Matthias. He brought a mercenary army called the Black army to establish military as a constant pillar of royal power. A famous general of it was Pal Vinizs

Question 23

Battle of Kenyermezo

Answer 23

After the turks destroyed several Transylvanian villages, Matthias sent Pal Kinizsi to defeat the intruding group in 1479.

Question 24

Bibliotheca Corriniana

Answer 24

A library built by Matthias housing around 2000 books, including the corvinas. A prime symbol of renaissance.

Question 25

Royal free citero

Answer 25

A type of medival city, under the jurisdiction of the king. They have the same privileges as W. European cities such as tax paid in one sum, election of positions and the right to organize markets. Eg: Buda, Pest, Pozsony, Sopron, Kazsa

Question 26

miningtowns

Answer 26

Type of medival town, They were rich, inhabited by miners, craftsmen and traders. Eg:selmeebanya, Mormocbanya, Besztercebanya, Nagybanya, Felsobanya

Question 27

market towns

Answer 27

A type of medieval town. A transition between a village and a town, mostly inhabited by serfs. Under the jurisdiction of a feudal landowner, enjoying some privileges such as tax paid in one sum and the night to organize markets. Only type of town that isnt surrounded by walls.