Terms of Temazaro 1/23/24 Flashcards
gold forint
Introduced by Charles I. a new stable currency to boost economy in 1325, based on the patterns of Florence
Gate Tax
Introduced by Charles I to replace income from debasement of money, paid by gate
thirtieth
Introduced by Charles I to replace income from debasement of money, imposed upon foreign trade
Honor Lands
Introduced by Charles I to ensure loyalty of nobility. A system in which titles are connected to lands and lands are given by the king
Banderia Army
New military system introduced under Charles I
Consists of the banderia of barons, banderia of counties and the banderia of the king
urbura
A mining tax imposed upon miners. Reformed by Charles I so the tax isnt only paid to the king but the landowners aswell
Personal Union
A political union of countries in which the ruler is the same, but the countries operate under different consistutions. Hungary had 2 personal unions w/ poland. Under louis the great and Wladyslaw Jagiellc
Law of entailment
Introduced by Lewis the Great in the Laws of 1351. The land of nobles couldnt be sold/given away, only inherited. If there is no heir, the land will become royal property
Ninth
Introduced by Louis the great in the laws of 1351. A new tax to be paid by serfs to their landlord, which unified the proportion of crops to be paid. It passed to prevent the movement of the serfs to of favorable taxation
Order of the Dragon
Established by Sigismund in 1408 composed of loyal nobles. Its purpose was to defend the Hungarian Monarchy or the Christian Religion against the Ottoman Empire.
Battle of Nicapolis
A defeat of the European crusade by the turks in 1396, which showed the weakness of the chivarly, but gave an opportunity to strengthen European defenses
Militia portalis
A military reform passed by Sigismund to increase number of soldiers in the army in preparation to the Ottoman threat. Nobles had to give a soldier per 20 serfs.
Two-lined defense of Hungary
A defense system created by Sigismund in preparation to the ottoman threat. The first line were the buffer states: serbia, wallachia and bosnia and the second line was the castle system built along the southern border
Regent/governor
A person appointed to govern a state for the time being for the monarch is unable to rule. Hungary only ever had 3 regents, the first being John Hunyadi
The long campaign
A successful military campaign led by John Hunyadi against the Turks in 1443-1444. It led to the formation of a European crusade + liberated serbia
Battle of Varna
The ottoman army defeated the european crusaders (led by john hunyadi) in the final battle of the Crusade of Varna in 1444. The crusade tried to prevent further ottoman expansion in the balkans.
Seige of Belgrade
A turkish attempt at expansion defeaten by John Hunyadi in 1456. The seige included encircling the city + castle + a river blockade. Broken by the army of Hunyadi and Giovanni Capistramo, an impromtu attack led to victory
Treaty of Wiener Neuotadt
A foreign treaty signed by Matthias Hunyadi to buy the Holy crown back from Fredrick III in 1463. An agreement was made that the throne will pass to the Hasburgs if Matthias dies without a heir
Hearth Tax
Economic reformed introduced by Matthias in 1467. Its predessor was the gate tax but now it had tobe paid after chimney, bringing more money in
Duty of the crown
Economic reform introduced by Matthias, Its predeccessor was the thirtieth and the policy was the same, the name change was neccessary to abolish precious exemptions
subsidy
Economic reform introduced by Matthias. Its predecessor was the emergency war tax. Now it became the main source of income + gold/gate was collected multiple times a year for the defense of the country and the maintence of the army
THe black army
A military reform introduced by Matthias. He brought a mercenary army called the Black army to establish military as a constant pillar of royal power. A famous general of it was Pal Vinizs
Battle of Kenyermezo
After the turks destroyed several Transylvanian villages, Matthias sent Pal Kinizsi to defeat the intruding group in 1479.
Bibliotheca Corriniana
A library built by Matthias housing around 2000 books, including the corvinas. A prime symbol of renaissance.
Royal free citero
A type of medival city, under the jurisdiction of the king. They have the same privileges as W. European cities such as tax paid in one sum, election of positions and the right to organize markets. Eg: Buda, Pest, Pozsony, Sopron, Kazsa
miningtowns
Type of medival town, They were rich, inhabited by miners, craftsmen and traders. Eg:selmeebanya, Mormocbanya, Besztercebanya, Nagybanya, Felsobanya
market towns
A type of medieval town. A transition between a village and a town, mostly inhabited by serfs. Under the jurisdiction of a feudal landowner, enjoying some privileges such as tax paid in one sum and the night to organize markets. Only type of town that isnt surrounded by walls.
