Terms of Orientation Flashcards
Learn the basic vocabulary associated with the oral cavity and surrounding structures
1
Q
Molars
A
- permanent: 6th, 7th, and 8th teeth from midline (total number = 12)
- 6yr molar, 12 yr molar, and wisdom tooth - deciduous: 4th and 5th teeth from midline (total number = 8)
- function: grinding
2
Q
Premolars (bicuspids)
A
- total number = 8
- 4th and 5th teeth from midline
- first premolar
- second premolar
- function: tearing, holding, and grinding
- found only in permanent dentition
3
Q
Canine
A
- total number = 4
- 3rd tooth from midline
- function: cutting, tearing, piercing, and holding
- cusp tooth –> has point on it
4
Q
Incisors
A
- total number = 8
- closest to midline
- central and lateral incisor
- function: cutting and incising
- side note: maxillary generally larger than mandibular
5
Q
Primate Space
A
- two consistent spaces occuring b/w teeth in primary dentition
- between mandibular primary canine and first primary molar
- between maxillary primary canine and primary lateral incisor
- in mouth of all primates
- allows space for permanent dentition
6
Q
Occlusion
A
how the mandibular teeth contact the maxillary teeth when the jaws are closed or during excursive movements of the madible
7
Q
Comminution
A
crushing into small pieces
8
Q
Mastication
A
process of biting or chewing food
9
Q
Vestibule
A
space between lip/cheek and teeth, the gingiva bound between the two, covering bone of the maxilla or mandible
(where people put chew)
10
Q
Parotid Gland
A
- Stensen’s Duct
- opens opposite maxillary first molar (variable)
- main excretory duct
11
Q
Buccal Mucosa
A
tissue lining inside cheek
12
Q
Sublingual Folds
A
- Plica Sublingualis
- created by sublingual gland
- extends horizontally from lingual frenum and attaches to floor of mouth
- openings of ducts from small underlying glands
13
Q
Sublingual Glands
A
- one large gland and several small glands
- Bartholin’s duct
- main duct
- opens with or near Wharton’s duct
14
Q
Submandibular Gland
A
-Wharton’s duct
-main excretory duct (multiple openings)
-opens at side of lingual frenum
(gleek)
15
Q
Fovea Palatinae
A
- pits in soft palate
- located either side of center line, slightly posterior to junction of hard and soft palate
- openings of ducts of multiple palatine glands
16
Q
Uvula
A
- closes off nasal pharynx
- small fleshy structure hanging from center of posterior border of soft palate
17
Q
Lingual Frenum
A
thin band of tissue attaching center of under surface of tongue to floor of mouth
18
Q
Side of tongue covered in papillae
A
Dorsum (top side)
19
Q
What is mixed dentition and what age does it occur?
A
- combination of primary and permanent teeth
- age 6-12
20
Q
Number of teeth in complete primary and permanent dentition
A
- primary: 20 teeth, 10/arch
- permanent: 32 teeth, 16/arch
21
Q
Commisure
A
corner of mouth, junction of upper and lower lip
22
Q
Wet Dry Line
A
boundary between vermilion border and mucous membrane
23
Q
Mucocutaneous Junction
A
boundary between vermillion border and skin
24
Q
Vermilion Border
A
transition zone between mucous membrane and skin
25
Mandibular (Mn)
- pertaining to the mandible or lower jaw
| - movable
26
Maxillary (Mx)
- pertaining to the maxilla or upper jaw
| - stationary
27
Oral Mucosa: Specialized
tissue covering tongue; papillae and taste buds
28
Oral Mucosa: Lining
not tightly held down
29
Oral Mucosa: Masticatory
- tightly held down
- hard palate
- gingiva
- mucosa membrane and fibrous connective tissue that covers the alveolar process of the jaw and surrounds neck of teeth
30
Types of mucous membrane that lines oral cavity
masticatory, lining, and specialized
31
Components of Oral Cavity (9)
lips, teeth, tongue, roof of mouth, floor of mouth, cheeks, vestibules, oral mucosa, gingiva
32
Dentition Periods
- primary dentition period: 6mo-6yrs
- mixed dentition period: 6-12yrs
- permanent dentition period: 12yrs>
33
Succedaneous Teeth
permanent teeth that replace deciduous teeth
| *permanent premolars are not succedaneous teeth
34
Exfoliation
shed or loss of primary teeth
35
Resorption
process by which root structure is lost
36
Dental Formulae
-number and letter designation of teeth found in a dentitioin
-represents one side of mouth
-permanent dentition:
I-2/2; C-1/1;l P-2/2; M-3/3 x2=32 total teeth
-deciduous dentition:
I-2/2; C-1/1; M-2/2 x2=20 total teeth
37
Set Trait
traits differentiating permanent and deciduous teeth
| ex: primary dentition are smaller and permanent are bigger
38
Class Trait
- traits that categorize teeth based on form and function -->differentiate them from other types
- incisors
- canines
- premolars
- molars
39
Arch Trait
traits differentiating teeth in each class from maxillary and mandibular (same types from different arches)
40
Type Trait
- traits differentiating teeth in each class in same arch
- centrals from laterals
- first premolars from second premolars
- first from second from third molars
- no type traits for canines
41
Eruption Sequence of Deciduous Maxillary Dentition
- central 7.5 mos
- lateral 8 mos
- 1st molar 12-16 mos
- canine 16-20 mos
- 2nd molar 20-30 mos
42
Eruption Sequence of Deciduous Mandibular Dentition
- central 6.5 mos
- lateral 7 mos
- 1st molar 12-16 mos
- canine 16-20 mos
- 2nd molar 20-30 mos
43
Eruption Sequence of Permanent Mx Dentition
- 1st molar 6-7 yrs
- central 7-8 yrs
- lateral 8-9 yrs
- 1st premolar 10-11 yrs
- 2nd premolar 10-12 yrs
- canine 11-12 yrs
- 2nd molar 12-13 yrs
- 3rd molar 17-21 yrs
44
Eruption Sequence of Permanent Mn Dentition
- 1st molar 6-7 yrs (first)
- central 6-7 yrs
- lateral 7-8 yrs
- canine 9-10 yrs
- 1st premolar 10-12 yrs
- 2nd premolar 11-12 yrs
- 2nd molar 11-13 yrs
- 3rd molar 17-21 yrs
45
Order of eruption of permanent teeth
```
1st molars
Mn central and lateral incisors
Mx central incisors
Mx lateral incisors
Mn canines
1st premolars
2nd premolars
Mx canines (may erupt to facial bc of time)
2nd molars
3rd molars
```
46
Anatomical Crown
portion of tooth covered with enamel
47
Clinical Crown
part of crown of a tooth that is exposed in the oral cavity
| its surface area varies with the level of the gingival margin around the tooth
48
Anatomical Root
part of the tooth which is covered in cementum
49
Clinical Root
part of tooth which is unexposed in the mouth
50
Root
part of tooth that is embedded in the alveolus and covered by cementum
51
Anterior Teeth
teeth in either arch which are toward the front of the mouth (incisors and canines)
12 teeth total
52
Posterior Teeth
- teeth in either arch that are toward the back of the mouth
- deciduous dentition: 8 molars
- permanent dentition: 12 molars, 8 premolars, 20 teeth total
53
Anterior Tooth Surfaces
crowns of anterior teeth have 4 surfaces and one ridge
54
Mesial (M)
toward the median line of the face
55
Distal (D)
away from the median line of the face
56
Labial (La) or Facial
- anterior teeth
| - lip side
57
Lingual (Li)
side toward the tongue
58
Incisal (I) Ridge
unworn surface formed by the junction of the labial and lingual surfaces of anterior teeth
59
Incisal Surface
surface formed on the incisal ridge after wear has taken place
60
Incisal Edge
```
edge formed by junction of axial surfaces and incisal surface of anterior teeth
defined by 4 edges
labia-incisal edge
lingo-incisal edge
mesio-incisal edge
disto-incisal edge
```
61
Posterior Tooth Surfaces
crowns of posterior teeth have 5 surfaces
62
Buccal (B) or Facial
side toward the cheek
63
Occlusal (O)
toward biting surface of posterior teeth
| equivalent to incisal edge
64
Proximal
surface of teeth facing towards adjoining (adjacent) teeth in the same dental arch
65
Cervical
pertaining to the neck
66
Contact
the toughing of two surfaces
67
Proximal Contact
touching of two surfaces of adjacent teeth
68
Contact Point
point on the proximal surface of a tooth, when touches an adjacent tooth
69
Contact Area
area of contact caused by the proximal attrition of one tooth with that of another in the same arch
70
Occlusal or Incisal Contact
touching of the incisal or occlusal surfaces of teeth in opposite arch
71
Line Angle
imaginary line or angle formed by the junction of two crown surfaces; it takes the name of those two surfaces
72
Anterior Line Angles (8)
```
mesio-labial (MLa)
mesio-lingual (MLi)
disto-labial (DLa)
disto-lingual (DLi)
labio-incisal (LaI)
lingo-incisal (LiI)
mesio-incisal (MI)
disco-incisal (DI)
```
73
Posterior Line Angles (8)
```
mesio-buccal
mesio-lingual
disto-buccal
disto-lingual
bucco-occlusal
linguo-occlusal
disto-occlusal
mesio-occlusal
```
74
Point Angle
point which is the junction of three crown surfaces (takes the name of those three surfaces-proximal 1st, axial 2nd, O or I last)
75
Anterior Point Angles (4)
disto-labio-incisal
disto-linguo-incisal
mesio-labio-incisal
mesio-linguo-incisal
76
Posterior Point Angles
disto-bucco-occlusal
disto-linguo-occlusal
mesio-bucco-occlusal
mesio-linguo-occlusal
77
Root Surfaces
- facial, lingual, mesial, distal, apex
- no incisal edge or occlusal surface
- anterior teeth-single root
- posterior teeth-multiple roots (bifurcation, trifurcation)
