Terms of movement

Question 1

flexion

Answer 1

indicates bending or deceasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body. most joints it involves movement in an anterior direction

Question 2

extension

Answer 2

indicates straightening or increasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body
(usually in posterior direction)

Question 3

dorsiflexion

Answer 3

flexion at the ankle joint

Question 4

plantarflexion

Answer 4

bends foot and toes toward the ground

Question 5

hyperextension

Answer 5

overextension, causes whiplash, extension of the limb beyond the normal limit

Question 6

abduction

Answer 6

moving away from the medial plane

Question 7

adduction

Answer 7

means moving towards it

Question 8

circumduction

Answer 8

circular movements that involves sequential flexion, abduction, extension and adduction, so that the distal area moves in a circle

Question 9

rotation

Answer 9

involves turning or revolving a part of the body along its longitudinal axis (turning ones head to face sideways)

Question 10

medial rotation

Answer 10

internal rotation; brings the anterior surface of a limb closer to the medial plane

Question 11

lateral rotation

Answer 11

external rotation, takes anterior surface away from the medial plane

Question 12

what happens during pronation and supination

Answer 12

rotational movements of the forearm and hand that swing the distal end of the radius (the lateral long bone of the forearm) medially and laterally around and across the anterior aspect of the ulna while the proximal end of the radius rotates in place

Question 13

pronation

Answer 13

rotates the radius medially so that the palm faces posteriorly and its dorsum faces anteriorly. When elbow flexed, pronation moves palm facing inferiorly

Question 14

supination

Answer 14

rotates the radius laterally, uncrossing it from the ulna. Anatomical position. When elbows flexed, spuinaiton moves the hand to face palms superiorly

Question 15

eversion

Answer 15

moves the sole of the foot away from the medial plane, turning the sole laterally

Question 16

inversion

Answer 16

moves the sole of the foot toward the median plane (facing the sole medially)

Question 17

opposition

Answer 17

movement by which the first digit (thumb) is brought to another digit pad

Question 18

reposition

Answer 18

movement of the first digit from the position of opposition back to its anatomical position

Question 19

protrusion

Answer 19

moving anteriorly forward

Question 20

retrusion

Answer 20

movement posteriorly backward

Question 21

protraction

Answer 21

used for anterolateral and posteromedial movements of the scapula on the thoracic wall, causing shoulder region to move anteriorly

Question 22

retraction

Answer 22

used for anterolateral and posteromedial movements of the scapula on the thoracic wall, causing the shoulder to move posteriorly

Question 23

isotonic contractions

Answer 23

muscle changes length in relationship to the production of movement. 2 types, concentric and eccentric

Question 24

isometric contractions

Answer 24

muscle length remains the same, no movement occurs but the force (muscle tension) is increased above tonic levels to resist gravity or other antagonistic force

Question 25

concentric contactions

Answer 25

isotonic contraction when movement occurs due to muscle shortening (lifting a cup, pushing a door, athletic training when exceptional force)

Question 26

eccentric contractions

Answer 26

isotonic contraction when a contracting muscle lengthens as it undergoes a controlled and gradual relaxation while continually exerting a diminishing force

Question 27

myotatic reflexes

Answer 27

automatic aspect of voluntary muscles when movement occurs after a muscle is stretched by tapping a tendon with a reflex hammer

Question 28

electromyography

Answer 28

EMG. The electrical stimulation of muscles. Electrodes placed over muscles and amplifies and records the differences in action potentials of the muscles when patient performs certain activity

Question 29

dermatome

Answer 29

the unilateral area of skin innervated by the sensory fibers of a single spinal nerve

Question 30

myotome

Answer 30

the unilateral muscle mass receiving innervation from fibers conveyed by a single spinal nerve

Question 31

the 2 somatic fibers

Answer 31

general sensory fibers and somatic motor fibers

Question 32

the 2 visceral fibers

Answer 32

visceral sensory fibers and visceral motor fibers

Question 33

general sensory fibers

Answer 33

general somatic AFFARENT fibers (GSA) transmit sensation from the body to the CNS May be exteroceptive sensations form the skin( pain, temp, touch, pressure) or pain and proprioceptive sensations from muscle, tendons and joints

Question 34

proprioceptive sensations

Answer 34

subconscious providing information regarding joint position and the tension of muscles and tendons along with input from vestibular apparatus of the internal ear

Question 35

somatic motor fibers

Answer 35

general somatic EFFERENT (GSE) fibers transmit impulses to skeletal )voluntary) muscles

Question 36

visceral sensory fibers

Answer 36

general visceral AFFARENT (GVA) fibers transmit pain or subconscious visceral reflex sensations (info concerning distention, blood gas and blood pressure levels) from hollow organs and blood vessels to the CNS

Question 37

visceral motor fibers

Answer 37

general visceral efferent (GVE) fibers transmit impulses to smooth involuntary muscle and glandular tissues (both presynaptic and postsynaptic)

Question 38

paresthesia

Answer 38

the pins-and-needles sensation that occurs when nerve is compressed/ pressure on that nerve

Question 39

the somatic nervous system consists of...

Answer 39

consists of somatic parts of CNS and PNS

Question 40

the somatic sensory system

Answer 40

transmits sensations of touch pain, temp and position from sensory receptors

Question 41

the somatic nervous system

Answer 41

innervates only skeletal muscle stimulating voluntary and reflex movement of the muscle to contract

Question 42

ANS comprised of...

Answer 42

visceral nervous system or visceral motor system

Question 43

ANS motor fibers stimulate

Answer 43

smooth involuntary muscle, cardiac muscle, glandular secretory cells

Question 44

ANS efferent nerve fibers and ganglia are organized as...

Answer 44

sympathetic division (thoracolumbar) and parasympathetic division (craniosacral)