Terms In class 3&4 Flashcards
____ is inflammation of the gums.
Gingivitis
____ is made up of calcium and phosphate, salts in saliva that become mineralized and adhere to the tooth surfaces.
Calculus
The ____ are structures that surround, support, and are attached to the teeth.
Periodontium
The area below the gingiva is ____ .
subgingival
The area above the gingiva is ____.
Supragingival
A ____ is deepening of the gingival sulcus beyond normal as a result of periodontal disease.
Periodontal pocket
The specialty that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of periodontium is ____.
Periodontics
Movement of the tooth in its socket is ____.
Mobility
A device used to rapidly remove calculus using high-frequency sound waves is an ____.
Ultrasonic scaler
A dentist with advanced education in the specialty of periodontics is a ____.
Periodontist
____ is the removal of supragingival and subgingival calculus and plaque.
Scaling
____ follows scaling to remove any remaining particles of calculus and to smooth irregular areas of the root. surface.
Root planing
Dental sealants are placed in the occlusal pits and fissures of ____ and bi-cuspids (premolars).
Molars
____ are used to cover deep pits and fissures as a preventative measure against decay.
Dental sealants
____ contamination is the main cause of sealant failure of etched surfaces.
Moisture
HVE stands for ____ and is used with the saliva injector to suction to maintain moisture control.
High-volume oral evacuator
When you etch the enamel how long do you leave it on for?
15 to 60 seconds
If saliva touches the etched surfaces, you must re-etch for ____ seconds and rinse again.
5
Once a sealant has been placed it must be light ____.
Cured
You will need to have an ___ and ___ along with an applicator syringe or device in order to place the sealants.
Etching agent, sealant material
What suctions will you use to maintain moisture control?
Saliva injector, HVE
In preparation for a sealant you will need to use the ____ and prophy paste.
Prophy handpiece/ prophy cup attachment
Tray set up for assisting in sealants, what hand piece will you need to have set up?
slow speed hand piece
Once the tooth has been etched do not allow ____ to come in contact with the tooth until after the sealant is placed and evaluated.
Saliva
If the tooth already has ____ present or has been previously restored a sealant cannot be placed there.
Decay
Gingiva is commonly reffered to as the ____.
Gums
____ is tissue at the base of the sulcus where the gingiva attaches to the tooth.
Epithelial attachment
The ____ is the space between the tooth and the free gingiva.
Sulcus
____ are dense connective fibers that connect the cementum with the alveolar bone.
Periodontal ligaments
____ is an inflammatory disease affecting the periodontium.
Periodontitis
____ covers the root of the tooth.
Cementum
Periodontal diseases attack just below the ____ in the sulcus, where they cause the attachment of the tooth and it’s supporting tissues to break down.
Gum line
___ is the primary factor in causing periodontal disease.
Plaque
Calculus is commonly called ____.
Tarter
Calculus is calcified deposits on the teeth that are formed by the continuous presence of dental ____.
Plaque
When they take a measurement of the gingival sulcus it’s called ____.
Periodontal probing
____ is a means of measuring the severity of gingival inflammation by the amount of bleeding observed during probing.
Bleeding index
A ____ is used as a map to know which areas in the mouth have been infected with periodontal disease and how far the disease has progressed.
Periodontal chart
A dental prophylaxisis is a ____.
Prophy
A dental ____ is the complete removal of calculus, plaque and stain from the supragingival and unnattached subgingival tooth surfaces.
Prophylaxis
___ are titanium screws that are surgically placed into the bone.
Implants
should a healthy tooth have mobility?
A slight amount only
what is the depth of a healthy sulcus?
1mm-3mm
Periodontitis is the inflammation to the ____. It’s a serious gum disease that can destroy the jawbone/alveolar bone.
Periodontium
An implant that is surgically embedded into the bone is a ____.
Endosteal implant
The attachment of healthy bone to the dental implant is accomplished through ____.
Osseointegration
A ____ is a clear acrylic template that is placed over the alveolar ridge to assist in proper placement of the dental implant.
Surgical stent
The most common used metal in dental implants is ____.
Titanium
An Implantologist, oral or maxillofacial surgeon, prosthodontist, and periodontist have received the training needed to place dental ____.
Implants
Dental implants can last a ____.
Lifetime
To evaluate a patient for implants, the dentist will commonly use a panoramic, tomogram, and/or a ____ radiograph.
Cephlametic
Osseo means ____.
Bone
An ____ is the component that attaches the artificial tooth to the endosteal implant.
abutment post
Plaque and calculus are easier to remove from implants than natural teeth because implants have a ____ surface.
Smooth
____ help the dentist in planning the implant procedure.
Diagnostic casts
____ is the specialty of dentistry that manages the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the dental pulp and the tissues surrounding the apex of the tooth.
Endodontics
Endodontic treatment provides an effective means of saving a tooth that otherwise would have to be ____.
Extracted
When bacteria reaches the nerves and blood vessels, infection will result in an ____ which is a localized area of pus.
Abcess
What does vital and nonvital mean?
Living and nonliving
The ____ tooth is a system free tooth that the doctor will use to compare the relults of the tests to determine if the response of the tooth in question is normal or abnormal.
Control
___ is inflammation of the pulp.
Pulpitis
_____ is when the pulp is inflamed and irritated but able to repair itself.
Reversible pulpitis
____ is when the pulp is inflamed, irritated and incapable of healing itself.
Irreversible pulpitis
____ is the placement of calcium hydroxide over the exposed pulp.
Direct pulp capping
____ is an endodontic procedure in which the coronal portion or the pulp is removed.
Pulpotomy
____ is an endodontic procedure in which the complete dental pulp is removed.
Root Canal Therapy (RCT)
The surgical procedure of removing an infected apex is called an _____.
Apicoectomy
____ is indicated for a young permanent tooth to promote healing and simulate the producrion of reparative dentin.
Pulp capping
A ____ acts as a guide during surgery to place the implants in the ideal location and at a precise angle.
Surgical stent
____ implants are surgically placed into the bone and will osseointegrate.
Endosteal implants
____ is the process by which the living jawbone naturally grows around the implanted dental supports .
Osseointegration
A ____ is screwed into the implant and sits below the gum line during the healing and osseointegration period.
Healing cap
Three to ____ months is given for proper osseointegration.
nine
The ____ and abutment screws are frequently made from titanium because of its compatibility with bone and oral tissues.
Implants
The ___ crown is just like regular crowns and can be made out of a variety of metals or porcelains.
Implant crown
The implant crown is made to precisely fit the ____ that is anchored to the implant.
Abutment screw
Once the implant crown is ____ the patient cannot remove the crown.
Cemented
The implant denture is an _____ that has attachments that precisely fit the cylinder that is anchored to the implant.
Overdenture
The specialty of _____ surgery is focused on surgery used to diagnose and correct a wide spectrum of diseases, injuries, and defects in the; head, neck, face, jaws, hard tissues, and soft tissues in the maxillofacial region.
Oral and maxillofacial
The oral and maxillofacial surgeon/OMFS (oral surgeon) is a dentist who recieved ___ additional years of postgraduate training in a hospital-based residency.
4 to 6
The ____ extraction is performed on a tooth that is fully erupted and has a solid, intact crown that can be grasped firmly with the forceps.
Forceps
Most routine forceps extractions do not require placement of ____.
sutures
A ____ extraction procedure is most commonly indicated when a patient will be recieving a partial denture, full denture, or implants.
Multiple
The term ____ extraction is used when conditions require additional skill, knowledge, and instrumentation to remove a tooth.
Complex
The extraction of an ____ tooth is a tooth that has not erupted.
Impacted
A ____ indicates that the tooth is under the gingival tissue.
Soft tissue impaction
A ____ indicates that the tooth is partially or totally covered by tissue and bone.
Hard tissue impaction
A ____ is a process in which tissue is removed and examined to distinguish malignancies (cancerous) from other nonmalignant (noncancerous) lesions in the oral cavity.
Biopsy
The 3 most common ____ procedures used in dentistry are:
- Incisional biopsy
- Excisional biopsy
- Exfollative biopsy
Biopsy
The term ____ refers to the act of stitching
Suture
As a rule, if a ____ has been used, sutures will be placed to control bleeding and promote healing.
Scalpel
____ are materials that dissolve and become absorbed by the body’s enzymes during the healing process.
Absorb-able sutures
____ are usually removed five to seven days after surgery.
Non-absorbable sutures
Postsurgical complictions- failure of the healing process can result in _____ also known as dry socket.
Alveolitis
Dry socket is called _____.
Alveolitis
Enamel consists of ____ crystals of hydroxyapatite (carbonated apatite) arranged in structural layers or rods.
Microscopic
____ is the most highly mineralized tissue in the body and is stronger than bone.
Enamel
Colonies of bacteria embedded in an adhesive substance are called the ____.
Pellicle
Dental ____ is colorless, soft, sticky coating that adheres to the teeth.
Plaque
____ is caused by a blow to the tooth or the jaw which can cause damage to the tissues surrounding the apex of the tooth.
Trauma
_____ replaces one or more teeth in the same arch.
Partial denture
____ replaces all the teeth in one arch.
Full denture
Before placement of prosthestic, it is necessary to contour the alveolar ridge surgically to minimize discomfort with the use of _____.
Alveoplasty
A removable partial denture receives its support and retention from the underlying tissues and remaining teeth that serve as_____.
Abutments
Prosthesis can ____ function as well as the natural dentition being replaced.
Never
The ____ is the cast metal skeleton that provides support for the remaining components of the prosthesis.
Framework
The portion of the framework that directly supports and provides stability to the partial denture by partially encircling an abutment tooth is a _____.
Clasp (retainer)
The ____ is the retainer on the partial denture.
Clasp
An ____is supported in the mouth by tooth roots or implants.
Overdenture
It is vital that a removable prosthetic is placed on top of an evenly contoured ____ ridge to aid in better mastication and fit.
Alveolar
Some oral habits that may affect whether or not it is ideal for a patient to have a removable prosthetic includes; _____, grinding, and mouth breathing.
Clenching
The ____ is designed to fit over the residual alveolar ridge and surrounding gingival area.
Base
Denture teeth are____ and are made of acrylic or porcelain and designed to be retained in the acrylic base of the denture.
Artificial teeth
_____ are full dentures that are supported by the bony ridge and oral mucosa plus two or more remaining teeth or implants.
Overdentures
A ____ is accomplished by placing a new layer of denture resin over the tissue surface of the appliance.
Reline
____ dentures are placed immediately after extractions of the patients remaining teeth and is the most commonly used denture.
Immediate
The purpose of ____ is to have it accomodate the changes in the supporting tissues so the appliance can continue to fit properly.
Relining
Assisting in a prophylaxis, what hand piece will you need for tray set up?
Prophy hand piece
The RDH will use the ____ instrument to check pocket depths.
Periodontal probe
The RDH will use the ____, curette, and cavitron to remove subgingival calculus.
Scaler
To perform coronal polishing you will use the prophy handpiece with the ____ and _____.
Prophy cup, prophy paste
The DR will use the ____ and ____ during the exam to detect any decay.
Mirror, explorer
Generally it is recommended that patients complete a prophylaxis and exam once every ____ months and have bitewing radiographs ____ a year.
6 months, once
The fluoride needs to be left on for ____ minute.
1
The patient needs to be informed to not eat or drink for ____ minutes following a fluoride treatment.
30 minutes
- Update ____ history
- Take needed ____
- Notify the ____ that the patient is ready
- ____ x-rays (if using film)
- Once the RDH is done perform a ____
- ____ all maxillary and mandibular contacts
- ____ during exam
- ____ treatment plan
- Complete ____ treatment if needed
- Medical
- X-rays
- RDH
- Develop
- Coronal polish
- Rinse
- Chart
- Prioritize
- Fluoride
Two specific groups of ____ in the mouth that are responsible for dental caries are the mutans streptococci and the lactobacilli.
Bacteria
____ are considered to be the major pathogenic (disease producing) bacteria and are found in relatively large numbers in dental plaque.
Mutans streptococci
____ is a mineral in enamel that makes it easier for the tooth structure to dissolve.
Carbonated apatite
The Enamel consists of microscopic crystals. The crystals are surrounded by water. The ____ in the enamel allows acid to flow into the tooth and minerals to flow out of the tooth.
Water
____ are simple carbohydrates.
Fermentable carbohydrates
The ____ in dental plaque feeds on the fermentable carbs found in a regular diet.
Bacterium
____ is a dynamic ongoing process characterized by alternating periods of demineralization and remineralization.
Caries
____ lesions occur when more minerals are lost from the Enamel than are deposited and can take months or even years to develop.
Carious lesions
____ is the process of calcium and phosphate dissolving from the enamel. (Loss of minerals from tooth).
Demineralization
____ occurs when fluoride, phosphate, and calcium are re-deposited in areas of the enamel which were previously demineralized. (The replacement of minerals in the tooth).
Remineralization
___ is the formation of a cavity or hole in the mouth.
Cavitation
Another name for tooth decay is ____.
Caries
Usually rampart caries occur when the patient is taking certain medications after excessive and frequent amounts of sucrose or due to ____ also known as dry mouth.
xerostomia
Abnormal dryness of the mouth caused by insufficent saliva is called ____.
Xerostomia
Recurrent caries occur on the tooth surrounding a ____.
Restoration
____ caries is decay that attacks exposed root surfaces.
Root caries
____ caries are when a patient develops multiple incipient lesions in their mouth followed by the rapid development of cavitation.
Rampart caries
A patient who develops decay rapidly that is widespread throughout the mouth is diagnosed with ____ caries.
Rampart caries
____ dyes are special dyes used during operative procedures to determine if all of the decay has been removed.
Indicator
____ is a fairly new device used to diagnose caries and reveal bacterial activity under the enamel surface.
Laser caries detector
___ are useful in the detectoon of interproximal caries.
Radiographs
When calcium and phosphate are dissolved from the tooth this process is called ____.
Demineralization
The mineral in the enamel that makes the crystal easier to dissolve is ____.
Carbonated apatite
The 3 factors that must be present for the formation of tooth caries are ____, _____, and ____.
Fermentable carbs, susceptible tooth, and specific bacteria.
When decay is present under or adjacent to existing dental restorations is is called ____ caries.
Recurrent caries.
____ caries occur in the pits and fissures (grooves) of the tooth.
Pits and fissure caries
____ caries occur on the tooth in areas other than the pits and fissures.
Smooth surface caries.
___ caries occur on any surface of the roots (below the enamel and on the cementum).
Root surface caries
A soft deposit on teeth that consists of bacteria and bacteria by-products is _____.
Plaque
____disease affects the bone that surrounds the teeth. Progression of this diease leads to tooth loss.
Periodontal
____ is a clinical sign of gingivitis.
Redness
Once a patient has been treated with scaling and root planing they should return to the office every 3-4 months for _____.
Periodontal maintenance
Periodontal diseases includes ____ and ____.
Periodontitis, gingivitis
An _____ is the removal of a section of a questionable lesion for evaluation.
Incisional biopsy
An ____ is a procedure in which cells are scraped for a suspicious oral lesion for analysis.
Exfollative biopsy
____ radiographs show the crown, roots, apex and tissues surrounding the apex.
Periapical
____ is the placement of calcium hydroxide over the nearly exposed pulp to encourage healing.
Indirect pulp capping
A ____ test is ferformed by the dentist using his fingers to apply firm pressure to the gingival tissue above the apex of the root.
Palpation
A ____ test is performed by the dentist using an instrument to tap on the incisal or occlusal surface of the tooth.
Percussion
The success rate for dental implants is ____%.
90
A strict ___ environment should always be maintained during a surgical implant procedure.
Sterile
Once you dry the etched surfaces they should appear as a ____ ____.
Frosty matte
When applying the sealant you need to be careful to not allow the sealant to flow beyond the ____ surfaces.
Etched
When you cure the sealant each surface needs a ____ second exposure.
20
Once the sealant has been placed you need to check the interproximal areas using floss to make sure there is no sealant material in the ____ area.
Contact
A treatment room _____ should be completed before the patient is seated.
Preparation checklist
The ____ zone is a non-traffic area where equipment, such as nitrous oxide, can be placed with the top extending into the assistant’s zone.
Static
The ____ zone is where the instruments and materials are passed and received. (Over the chest and at the chin of the patient).
Transfer
___ grasp- instrument is held similiar to a pen, held between thumb and index finger.
Pen
____ grasp- instrument held in hand or palm.
Palm
____ grasp- instrument held in hand or palm, thumb stabilizes/guides the instrument.
Palm thumb
The ____ is accomplished with a minimum of motion involving movement ONLY of your fingers, wrist, and elbow.
Instrument transfer
During a transfer, the ____ should not move the finger rest or their eyes from the treatment site.
Dentist
Return the instruments to their ____ positions following their use making it easy to find them should they be needed again. Arranging them from left to right, in the sequence they are to be used.
Original
Dentist, hygienist, and dental assistant will all utilize a ____ while working on a patient for stability, support while holding an instrument or handpiece
Fulcrum
____ is used to view something with the use of a mirror.
Indirect vision
An ____ is a dental function that is delegated to someone by the dentist.
Expanded function
A ____ becomes a finger rest when holding an instrument or handpiece.
Fulcrum
A ____ is used to hold a specific instrument or hand piece.
Grasp
To ____ is to comment or entrust a specific assignment to another person.
Delegate
By practicing ____ you can increase patient comfort, minimize stress and fatigue, and increase productivity in the dental office.
expanded functions
The operator should be positioned ____ than the assistant.
Lower
The assistant should be positioned ____ than the operator.
Higher
____ is the area of dentistry involved in the replacement of missing teeth or tooth structure with a cast restoration that is cemented in place and cannot be removed by the patient.
Fixed prosthodontics
A ____ is a dentist with an additional 3 years of clinical practice and research in the field of prosthodontics.
Prosthodontist
____ (indirect restoration)are created by the dental laboratory technician from precise impressions of the prepared tooth.
Cast restorations
____ are cast restorations that cover the occlusal surface.
Inlay cast restorations
____ are cast restorations that cover at least one cuspid and the occlusal surface.
Onlay cast restorations
A ____ is a thin shell of tooth- colored material that covers the facial surface of the tooth.
Veneer
The ____ is created directly in the patients mouth and bonded to the tooth in only one appointment.
Direct veneer
An ____ is fabricated in the dental lab on the basis of an impression taken of the prepared tooth. (Most common veneer).
Indirect veneer
____ are most commonly placed to improve the appearance of anterior teeth.
Porcelain veneers
Porcelain veneers may be placed when the patient has a large amount of decay on the ____ teeth that composite fillings cannot restore but isn’t widespread enough to need a crown.
Anterior
A ____ (cast crown) covers the crown of an individual tooth.
Full crown
A ____ is made when a tooth is extremely decayed or fractured and cannot be reconstructed with a more conservative restoration.
Full crown
A ____ (PFM) is a full metal crown with outer surfaces covered with a thin surface of porcelain.
Porcelain-fused-to-metal crown
____ are made of titanium and titanium alloys that are pre-made and come in several sizes. The post is usually placed deep into the canal to provide strength and stability to the post and crown.
Prefabricated post and cores
A (traditional) ____ is a prosthetic that is used to replace missing teeth. The bridge is cemented in place and cannot be removed by the patient.
Fixed bridge
A bridge is described by the number of ____ involved.
Units
If a bridge is replacing one missing tooth it is called a three-unit ____. (consisting of two abutments and one pontic).
Bridge
A ____ is an artificial tooth, or part of the dental appliance that replaces a missing natural tooth.
Pontic
When a bridge replaces more than one tooth, there is a ____ for each tooth being replaced.
Pontic
When ____ are used, they are placed before the core build-up and then incorporated into the build-up material.
Pins
____ may be necessary to add strength to the core build-up for the crown.
Pin retention
If a tooth is _____ or had been treated endodontically; a post is placed into the pulp canal.
Nonvital
A ____ is used if the tooth is vital.
Core buildup
The core builup is a strong ____ material that supports the cast crown and provides a larger area of retention for cementation of the crown.
Composite
Periapical radio graphs show the crown, roots, apex and tissues surrounding the ____.
Apex
Procedural steps: Assisting in sealants
- ____ the teeth needing sealants
- Clean the ____
- ____ and dry the teeth
- ____ the enamel
- ____ etched enamel (do not let saliva contaminate area)
- ____ etched enamel
- Apply the ____
- ____ the sealant
- ____ the sealant
- Floss
- Identify
- Enamel
- Isolate
- Etch
- Rinse
- Dry
- Sealant
- Light cure
- Evaluate
____ biopsy is the complete removal of entire lesion or chunk plus some adjacent normal tissue.
Excisional biopsy
To add retention to a non-vital tooth a ____ is placed into the pulp after root canal therapy.
Post and core
A ____ impression is taken and used to fabricate a provisional crown or bridge,
Preliminary
A ____ impression is taken and sent to the dental laboratory to fabricate a permanent crown or bridge.
Final
____ temporarily displaces gingival tissue away from the tooth.
Gingival retraction cord
A ____ has winglike projections that are bonded to the lingual surface of adjacent teeth and used to replace missing teeth, also known as a Maryland Bridge.
Resin- bonded bridge
Fixed Prosthodontics is commonly referred to as ____.
Crown and bridge
A ____ is a preformed post that is fitted into the canal of a non-vital and endodontically treated tooth to improve the retention of a cast restoration.
Cast post
____ is an impression made for the purpose of diagnosis or the construction of a tray.
Preliminary impression
An ____ covers the occlusal surface.
Inlay
An ____ covers atleast one cusp along with the occlusal surface.
Onlay
____ is a protective covering that is placed after a tooth has been prepared for an indirect restoration until the final casting is seated.
Provisional coverage
A cast restoration is classified as having proper fit when it has good contacts, the ____ align the gums, and the height of the casting is in proper occlusion.
Margins
____ is a term used for replacing or bringing something back to its natural appearance and function.
Restorations
____ restorations cannot be reshaped or cared after completing several steps at the dental laboratory.
Indirect
____ is a term used for an artistically beautiful appearance.
Esthetic
____ are designed to maintain or restore function and keep the patient comfortable for a short amount of time,
Temporary restorations
____ is a filling material that bonds directly to the tooth structure.
Composite resin
____ is the ability to hold two things firmly together when they will not adhere to each other.
Retention
____ is the type of ceramic most often used in indirect castings as it has strength, translucence, and the ability to match natural tooth color.
Porcelain
It is essential that the tooth structure and the restorative material have the same rate of ____ and ____.
Expansion, contraction
____ is a filling material that consists of numerous metals.
Amalgam
____ is the force that causes unlike materials to adhere to each other.
Adhesion
