Classes 5&6 Flashcards
X-radiation was discovered by who?
Wilhelm Roentgen
Dental radiation ____ cause damage to all the living cells.
Can
The ____ is the inner core of an atom.
Nucleus
____ is when x-rays strike patients tissues.
Ionization
The longer the wavelength, the ____ its ability to penetrate matter.
Less
What type of radiation is given off when the primary beam comes into contact with the bones of the skull and the teeth?
Secondary
The maximum permissible whole body exposure per year for those people who are occupationally exposed to radiation is ____.
5.0 rem
Dental personnel should strive for an occupational dose of ____.
Zero
The acronym ALARA stands for what?
As low as reasonably achievable
____ is the exposure to radiation occuring over a long period.
Chronic exposure
Somatic effects of exposure to radiation DO NOT affect ____.
Future generations
To prevent radiation exposure to the reproductive cells, the ____ must be placed on all patients.
Lead apron
What should dental personnel wear to record any exposure to occupational radiation?
Film badge
Dental x-ray equipment must be monitored for ____ radiation
Leakage
Unless you are behind a lead barrier while exposing radiographs, you should never stand closer than ____ from the primary beam.
6 ft
If Children are unable to hold the x-ray film by themselves, you are ____ to hold it for them. A child may sit in a parents lap with a lead apron on.
Not
Even though dental x-ray machines may vary in size and appearance, they all have a _____, ____, and ____.
Tubehead, extension arm, control panel
The ___ is made of a metal called tungsten.
Cathode
The filter in x-ray machines is made from ____.
Aluminum
The collimator is made from ____.
Lead
PID stands for ____.
Position indicator devices
PIDs are available in which sizes?
8 inches, 12 inches, 16inches
On a radiograph film, a ____ image appears dark/black.
Radiolucent
Dental radiographs are owned by the ____.
Dentist
The sources of disease transmission during dental radiography are ____, ____, and ____.
Film packets, control panel, dental chair controls
Bite tabs used for bitewing radiographs must be ____ after each use.
Discarded
The ____ radiograph shows the images of the entire length of the tooth including the apex.
Periapical
The bitewing ____ may be positioned in either vertical or horizontal positions.
Film
The ____ the film speed, the less radiation needed for each exposure.
Faster
The ____ technique is the radiographic technique that produces the least amount of distortion to the image.
Paralleling
In the ____ technique the film is placed parallel to the long axis of the tooth.
Paralleling
The ___ devices can be used for both the paralleling and bisection of the angle technique.
Film-holding
When exposing a mandibular canine the film is positioned _____, or ____.
Vertical, horizontal
A bitewing radiographic survey can include ____.
2(for kids) or 4 films.
The premolar periapical film should include the distal half of the canine and ____.
Both canines
Incorrect ____ angulation will result in closed contacts on the radiograph.
Horizontal
The “short cone” technique is the ____ technique.
Bisection of the angle
For patients with a shallow palate, a very short lingual freanum, or palatal tori, the ____ technique is often used.
Bisection of the angle
The timer and exposure controls should be set ____ the film is positioned in the patients mouth.
Before
After exposure, should EACH film be labeled with the patient’s name and the date?
No
____ solution may cause damage to the electrical connections of the radiographic equipment.
Disenfecting
While exposing dental radiographs, the minimum PPE are ____.
Gloves and protective clothing
How often should processing solutions be replenished?
Daily, usually after about 30 uses.
You may not use just any red light for the darkroom. A ____ is required.
Safelight
In most darkrooms, the ____ tank will be located on the left side.
Developer
The final rinse for radiographs must be atleast ____ minutes.
20
Advantages of automatic film processors are ____ and _____.
Time/temperature controlled, less space required
What can cause white spots if splashed on radiographs during processing?
Fixer (fixing) solution
What can cause black spots if splashed on radiographs during processing?
Developer solution
What processing error can cause light images?
Underdevelopment
Fogged film can be caused by ____.
Improper safe lighting, or using expired film
An extroral film is available in which sizes?
5x7, 8x10, 10x12
Intensifying screens are NOT used to increase the amount of radiation delivered to the patient.
True
Which type of screen film requires the least amount of radiation?
Green sensitive
Which type of imaging system records images directly onto a computer screen?
Digital imaging
What type of radiology takes a 2 dimensional image of the entire mouth?
Panoramic
____ is the type of imaging system that records images directly onto a computer screen.
Digital imaging
A critical component in obtaining a quality panoramic radiograph is ____, qualified operator, and proper film processing.
Patient positioning
____ is used to reproduce radiographic images. The film is placed over theoriginal x-ray and exposed to ultraviolet light to create an accurate copy.
X-rayduplicating film
Does duplicating radiographs require the use of x- radiation?
No
A ____is an invisible image on an exposed film or print that has not yet been made visible by developing.When photographic film is developed, the area that was exposed darkens and forms a visibleimage.
Latent image
Examples of structures that appear radiopaque on radiographs are what?
Amalgam, bone, and enamel
___ x-rays are used to track the development and placement of an entire arch of teeth in either the upper or lower jaw.
Occlusal
____ x-raysare used to detect dental problems in the jaw and skull. There are several types of these x-rays.
Extraoral
____x-rays show the whole tooth from the crown, to beyond the root where the tooth attaches into the jaw. They detect any unusual changes in the root and surrounding bone structures.
Periapical
____ x-rays show details of the upper and lower teeth in one area of the mouth. They detect decay between teeth and changes in the thickness of bone.
Bitewing
____ are the most common type of x-ray. There are several types of these x-rays that each show different aspects of teeth.
Intraoral x-rays
____ x-raysshow the entire mouth area. This x-ray detects the position of fully emerged as well as emerging teeth, and can see impacted teeth.
Panoramic
A dark radiographic image may have been caused by ____.
Overexposure, overdevelopment
There are two main types of____ x-rays.
Intraoral: the x-ray film is inside the mouth Extraoral: the x-ray film is outside the mouth
Dental
____ are damaging effects of radiation that can be passed onto future generations is _____.
Genetic effects
____ are damaging effects of radiation seen in the individual who is exposed to radiation.
Somatic effects
____ is a device containing photographic film which registers the wearer’s exposure to radiation.
Film badge
If the tubehead drifts during exposure, should you ask the patient to stabilize it with their hand?
No
The latent image is the image on the ___
Film before processing
____ means making every reasonable effort to maintain exposures to ionizing radiation as far below the dose limit as practical.
ALARA
Bitewing x-rays are usually taken during routine dental visits and can show ____ starting to develop between your teeth, and bone loss due to periodontal disease.
Cavities
Periapical x-ray shows the entire length of each tooth, from ____ to ____.
Crown to root
____ refers to that portion of processed radiograph which appears as light/white.
Radiopaque
____ refers to the portion of a processed radiograph which appears dark/black.
Radiolucent
On a radiograph film, a ____ image appears light/white.
Radiopaque
____ are a form of energy that can penetrate matter.
X-rays
Exposure to _____ can bring out changes in body chemicals, cells, tissues, and organs.
Radiation
____ radiation exposure occurs when a large dose of radiation is absorbed in a short period of time.
Acute
The _____ is a tightly sealed, heavy metal housing that contains the radiograph tube.
Tubehead
The ____ is the heart of the x-ray generating system.
X-ray tube
The ____ consists of a tungsten filament in a focusing cup made of glass and the purpose is to supply the electrons necessary to generate x-rays.
Cathode
The ____ acts as the target for the electrons.
Anode
The wire between the tubehead and the control panel is enclosed in the hollow ____. The arm also has an important function in positioning the tubehead. It folds up and can be swiveled from side to side.
Extension arm
The ____ is located on a wall outside of the x-ray area to prevent radiation exposure to the operator while exposing the film.
Control panel
The ____ contains the master switch, an indicator light, selector buttons, and an exposure button and the controls should be set BEFORE the film is positioned in the patient’s mouth.
Control panel
The x-ray mcahine may be safely left on all day because it does not produce radiation unless the ____ button is being pushed.
Exposure
Examples that appear radiolucent on a radiograph are what?
Air spaces, soft tissues, abscesses, tooth decay, and dental pulp
Examples that may appear radiopaque on a radiograph are what?
Matel restorations, tooth enamel, and dense areas of bone
____ is the overall blackness or darkness of a film.
Density
On one corner of the film packet is a small raised bump known as the ____. The bump or dot is used to determine the left side from right side when placing the film.
Identification dot
The premolar periapical film should include ____ and ____>
The distal half of the canine, both premolars
The film is positioned in a ____ position when exposing a mandibular canine radiograph.
Vertical
After exposure should EACH film be labeled with the patients name and date?
No
Intensifying screens are NOT used to increase the amount of radiation delivered to a patient.
True
