Terms/identifications Flashcards
Reformation
The reform of the church with the introduction of Protestantism
Renaissance
A rebirth/awakening of urban society, secular (worldly) mindset, humanism, art, and intellect)
Absolutism
The ideas of a ruler ruling completely without government influence
John Locke
A political author from England who argued against absolutism and believed in natural rights (life, liberty, property) and equality of people
Inquisition
A Spanish court that tried heretics for crimes against the church. They kicked out all Jews and Muslims in an attempt to Christianize Spain
Spanish Armada
A fleet of Spanish ships that attempted to invade England but failed due to England’s superior defense and catastrophic storms
Mecca
The holy city of Islam which contains the Kaaba (Black Stone). Muslims are supposed to make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lives
Feudalism
A social system in which people pledged their loyalty and services to their lord in exchange for protection and other benefits
“God, gold, and glory”
The three primary reasons why European explorers wished to colonize in the Americas (god- conversion, gold- money, glory- fame)
Martin Luther
A German professor who noticed deficiencies in the church (corruption) and acted on them (95 Theses), creating a Protestant branch of Christianity called Lutheranism
Peter the Great
A Russian Romaniskov czar who established St. Petersburg, one of his many attempts to Westernize Russia with European influence as a great state with strong military power
Samurai
Japanese knights who fought on horseback in order to protect their lords at all costs. They followed a strict code of law called Bushido.
Shogun
A powerful Japanese military leader appointed in order to create a centralized government to strengthen the state
Maya
A Mexican Mesoamerican society located on the Yucatan Peninsula that ranged from 300-900 A.D. who used hieroglyphics and established a dual-calendar system covering both lunar and solar cycles. They practiced human sacrifices and had brutal forms of sports.
Quaran
The sacred book of the Muslims (Muslim bible)
Hajj
One of the six religious pillars in Islam, Hajj was the belief of a once in a lifetime pilgrimage to Mecca, the holy site of the Black Stone.
Louis XIV
The epitome of the European Absolutist Era, Louis XIV ruled France in a very stern and absolutist way. He created the Court of Versailles to where he moved the capital of France and all of the nobles so that he could control the government and country completely. Economically, Louis XIV introduced mercantilism, the goal of exporting more than importing.
Crusades
Were a series of medieval expeditions during the Middle Ages where many Catholic knights, crusaders, went towards Jerusalem in an attempt to claim the Holy Land for Christians while converting as many people as possible. The Crusaders killed and destroyed many towns and cities along the way.
Guilds
Guilds were a Renaissance innovation of creating like-minded groups of young adults who shared common vocational aspirations and worked to improve their skills.
