Terms/identifications

Question 1

Reformation

Answer 1

The reform of the church with the introduction of Protestantism

Question 2

Renaissance

Answer 2

A rebirth/awakening of urban society, secular (worldly) mindset, humanism, art, and intellect)

Question 3

Absolutism

Answer 3

The ideas of a ruler ruling completely without government influence

Question 4

John Locke

Answer 4

A political author from England who argued against absolutism and believed in natural rights (life, liberty, property) and equality of people

Question 5

Inquisition

Answer 5

A Spanish court that tried heretics for crimes against the church. They kicked out all Jews and Muslims in an attempt to Christianize Spain

Question 6

Spanish Armada

Answer 6

A fleet of Spanish ships that attempted to invade England but failed due to England’s superior defense and catastrophic storms

Question 7

Mecca

Answer 7

The holy city of Islam which contains the Kaaba (Black Stone). Muslims are supposed to make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lives

Question 8

Feudalism

Answer 8

A social system in which people pledged their loyalty and services to their lord in exchange for protection and other benefits

Question 9

“God, gold, and glory”

Answer 9

The three primary reasons why European explorers wished to colonize in the Americas (god- conversion, gold- money, glory- fame)

Question 10

Martin Luther

Answer 10

A German professor who noticed deficiencies in the church (corruption) and acted on them (95 Theses), creating a Protestant branch of Christianity called Lutheranism

Question 11

Peter the Great

Answer 11

A Russian Romaniskov czar who established St. Petersburg, one of his many attempts to Westernize Russia with European influence as a great state with strong military power

Question 12

Samurai

Answer 12

Japanese knights who fought on horseback in order to protect their lords at all costs. They followed a strict code of law called Bushido.

Question 13

Shogun

Answer 13

A powerful Japanese military leader appointed in order to create a centralized government to strengthen the state

Question 14

Maya

Answer 14

A Mexican Mesoamerican society located on the Yucatan Peninsula that ranged from 300-900 A.D. who used hieroglyphics and established a dual-calendar system covering both lunar and solar cycles. They practiced human sacrifices and had brutal forms of sports.

Question 15

Quaran

Answer 15

The sacred book of the Muslims (Muslim bible)

Question 16

Hajj

Answer 16

One of the six religious pillars in Islam, Hajj was the belief of a once in a lifetime pilgrimage to Mecca, the holy site of the Black Stone.

Question 17

Louis XIV

Answer 17

The epitome of the European Absolutist Era, Louis XIV ruled France in a very stern and absolutist way. He created the Court of Versailles to where he moved the capital of France and all of the nobles so that he could control the government and country completely. Economically, Louis XIV introduced mercantilism, the goal of exporting more than importing.

Question 18

Crusades

Answer 18

Were a series of medieval expeditions during the Middle Ages where many Catholic knights, crusaders, went towards Jerusalem in an attempt to claim the Holy Land for Christians while converting as many people as possible. The Crusaders killed and destroyed many towns and cities along the way.

Question 19

Guilds

Answer 19

Guilds were a Renaissance innovation of creating like-minded groups of young adults who shared common vocational aspirations and worked to improve their skills.