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Hydraulics > Terms I > Flashcards

Terms I Flashcards

1
Q

An instrument to measure the density of oils.

A

Acrometer

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2
Q

A semi liquid mass removed from the liquid flow of sewage
and subjected to aeration and aerobic microbial action: the
end product is dark to golden brown, partially decomposed,
granular and flocculent and has an earth odor when fresh.

A

Activated sludge

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3
Q

A fluid property which refers to the attractive force between
its molecules and any solid substance with which they are in
contact.

A

Adhesion

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4
Q

Soil formed from wind transported soil material.

A

Aeolian Soil

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5
Q

A concrete, steel or fiberglass tank in which sewage effluent
is brought into contact with dissolved oxygen and flocs in
the activated-sludge process.

A

Aeration tank

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6
Q

A self-recording instrument used on aircraft for the
simultaneous recording of atmospheric pressure,
temperature and humidity.

A

Aerometeorograph

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7
Q

An instrument to ascertain the weight or density of air or
other gases.

A

Aerometer

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8
Q

A device for measuring the proportion of the total volume of the soil which is occupied by air.

A

Air Picnometer

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9
Q

A barometer with no liquid: _ is used
for measuring the pressure of the atmosphere.

A

Aneroid barometer

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10
Q

A device used for measuring atmospheric pressure.

A

Barometer

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11
Q

Also known as Bend meter or Bendometer. A calibrated
bend or elbow with suitable upstream and downstream
straight lengths for measurement of flows.

A

Bentometer

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12
Q

An instrument designed by Bentzel for measuring velocity of
fluids.

A

Bentzel tube

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13
Q

Neglecting friction, the total head, of the total amount of
energy per unit of weight is the same at every point in the
path of flow.

A

Bernoulli’s energy theorem

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14
Q

A re-entrant tube consisting of a thin tube projecting into
the reservoir about one diameter which uses the principle of
pressure momentum theory which states that force equals
the rate of change of momentum.

A

Bordas mouth piece

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15
Q

The ratio of the change in unit pressure to the
corresponding volume change per unit volume.

A

Bulk modulus of elasticity

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16
Q

A contracted sharp-crested measuring weir, in which each
side of the notch has a slope of 1 horizontal to 4 vertical, to
compensate for end contractions; named after Cesare
Cipolletti, an Italian engineer.

A

Cipolletti (weir also known as Trapezoidal weir)

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17
Q

The ratio of the cross sectional area of the jet at the vena
contracta to the area of the orifice.

A

Coefficient of contraction

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18
Q

The product of the coefficient velocity by the coefficient of
contraction.

A

Coefficient of discharge

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19
Q

Term for impermeability factor.

A

Coefficient of imperviousness

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20
Q

The tangent of the angle o, the angle of internal friction.

A

Coefficient of internal friction

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21
Q

The ratio of absolute viscosity to the mass density.

A

Coefficient of Kinematic viscosity

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22
Q

The imaginary average velocity of flow through the total
(voids and solids) area of soil under a hydraulic gradient of 1.

A

Coefficient of permeability

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23
Q

The ratio of the actual mean velocity of jet to the velocity
which would exist without friction.

A

Coefficient of velocity

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24
Q

The ratio between the grain diameter which is larger than
60% by weight of the particles in a soil sample, to that
diameter the effective size, which is larger than 10% by
weight of the particles. It is more briefly expressed as
D6o/D10.

A

Coefficient of uniformity, modulus of uniformity

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25
Q

A fluid property which refers to the intermolecular
attraction by which the separate particles of the fluid are
held together.

A

Cohesion

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26
Q

Rate of discharge of water through a porous medium per
unit of total area perpendicular to the direction of flow.

A

Discharge velocity

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27
Q

Also known as Secondary canals which take off from the
main canals or branches and supply water to minors and
outlets or turnouts.

A

Distributaries

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28
Q

A fixed dam for diverting stream water away from its course.

A

Diversion dam

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29
Q

A shear test or triaxial compression test applied to a
specimen of cohesive soil after completed consolidation
under normal load, carried out in drained conditions slowly
enough to allow further consolidation due to shear during
the test.

A

Drained shear test, slow test

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30
Q

Lowering of a water level.

A

Drawdown

31
Q

The ratio of the tail water elevation to the head water
elevation, when both are higher than the crest, the overflow
crest of the structure being the datum of reference.

A

Drawing ratio

32
Q

The weight of dry material in unit volume a soil sample after
drying at 105°C.

A

Dry density

33
Q

The property of a fluid which determines the amount of its
resistance to a shearing stress.

A

Dynamic viscosity

34
Q

The pressure or force exerted by soil on any boundary.

A

Earth pressure

35
Q

A branch of science which deals with the study of water and
other fluids that are at rest or in motion.

A

Fluid mechanics

36
Q

The study of fluid problems in which there is no relative motion between fluid elements and thus no velocity
gradients and no shear stress to exist.

A

Fluid statics

37
Q

An open channel constructed of steel, reinforced concrete
or wood and used to convey water to be utilized for power,
to transport logs, and so on.

A

Flume

38
Q

A reservoir at the end of a pipeline, particularly above
hydroelectric power station.

A

Forebay

39
Q

In an open channel, a ratio which should be the same for the
model analysis as in the full size project. It is the velocity
squared divided by depth times the acceleration of gravity.

A

Froude number

40
Q

A law, complementary to Charles’ Law defining the behavior
of a perfect gas at constant volume. The law states that if
the volume of a given mass of a perfect gas be kept
constant, then its absolute pressure will vary in direct
proportion to temperature.

A

Gay Lussac’s law

41
Q

The design and manufacturing of pumping plant, reservoir valves, penstocks, pipelines and so on.

A

Hydraulic engineering

42
Q

A phenomenon where the flow is super critical in an
upstream section of channel and is then forced to become
sub critical in a downstream section (the change in depth
can be forced by a sill in the downstream part of the channel
or just be the prevailing depth in the stream further
downstream) a rather abrupt change in depth usually
occurs.

A

Hydraulic jump

43
Q

The branch of mechanics which deals with the laws
governing the behavior of water and other liquids in the
states of rest and motion.

A

Hydraulics

44
Q

A branch of hydraulics which deals with the study of forces
(including velocity, and acceleration) exerted by or upon
liquids in motion.

A

Hydrodynamics

45
Q

Deals with liquids that are in motion with respect to both to
the earth and to their containers.

A

Hydrokinetics

46
Q

Pressure caused by a head of water.

A

Hydrostatic pressure

47
Q

A branch of hydraulics which deals on the study of fluids at
rest.

A

Hydrostatics

48
Q

A sewer connecting individual drains which formerly went
direct to a river or the sea. It takes their flows to the sewage
treatment plant.

A

Interceptor

49
Q

The ability of a mass to do work by virtue of its velocity.

A

Kinetic energy

50
Q

The three forms of energy which must be considered in
connection with flow of liquids.

A

Kinetic energy, Elevation energy, Pressure energy

51
Q

Type of flow when the paths of individual particles do not
cross or intersect.

A

Laminar

52
Q

A device for measuring fluid pressure which consists of a
bent tube containing one or more liquids of different
specific gravity.

A

Manometer

53
Q

The ratio of mass per unit volume.

A

Mass density of a body

54
Q

Fluids which undergo a proportionality of shear stress to the
rate of shear strain holds.

A

Newtonian Fluids

55
Q

Fluid for which the shear stress is directly proportional to
the rate of strain.

A

Newtonian fluids

56
Q

A converging tube attached to the end of a pipe or hose
which serves to increase the velocity of the issuing jet.

A

Nozzle

57
Q

A conduit in which a liquid flows with a free surface.

A

Open channel

58
Q

An opening with a closed perimeter through which a fluid
flows.

A

Orifice

59
Q

The pressure intensity at a point is of equal magnitude in all
direction, this principle.

A

Pascal’s Law

60
Q

A device for measuring fluid pressure by determining the
height to which liquid rises.

A

Piezometer

61
Q

A closed conduit through which liquid or gases flow

A

Pipe

62
Q

Any body immersed in fluid is subjected to a buoyant for
equal to the weight of displaced liquid.

A

Principle of Archimedes

63
Q

It the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces.

A

Reynolds No.

64
Q

Ratio of weight of substance to the weight of equal volume
of water.

A

Specific gravity

65
Q

The point which flow occurs around a body, part of it will go
to one side and part to the other side. The stream line that
follows the flow division (that divides on the upstream side
of the body and join again on the down stream side is called
dividing streamline). Also at the point of division the velocity
will be zero.

A

Stagnation point

66
Q

A tube with square-cornered entrance and a length about 1/2 times its diameter.

A

Standard short tube

67
Q

The force per unit length that an “imaginary film” formed on
the surface of a liquid due to the intermolecular attraction is
capable of exerting.

A

Surface Tension

68
Q

The speed of efflux is equal to the speed of force fall from
the surface of reservoir.

A

Torricelli Theorem

69
Q

A space that has a pressure less than atmospheric pressure.

A

Vacuum

70
Q

The pressure at which a liquid will boil.

A

Vapor pressure

71
Q

An instrument which is used for measuring the discharge
through pipes which consists of a short converging tube
connected to the approach pipe at the inlet and ending in a
cylindrical section called the throat.

A

Venturi meter

72
Q

The property of a fluid which determines the amount of its
resistance to shearing force.

A

Viscosity

73
Q

An over flow structure built across an open channel for the
purpose measuring the flow.

A

Weir

Hydraulics (2 decks)

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