Terms Flashcards

1
Q

It is defined as the mass per unit volume of a substance:

A

mass density

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2
Q

“At any point in a fluid at rest the pressure is the same in
all directions” this Law is known as:

A

Pascal’s Law

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3
Q

The pressure measured by means or gages above or
below the atmospheric level is called:

A

absolute pressure

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4
Q

The pressure measure above the absolute zero is called:

A

vapor pressure

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5
Q

A pressure measuring technique by means of tubes
usually shaped in the form of U’s and utilizing the principles
of hydrostatic is known as:

A

barometry

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6
Q

A type of manometer which is used for measuring gage
pressure with the use of gage liquid. This type contains an
atmospheric level.

A

open type

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7
Q

A manometer used for measuring the difference in
pressure between two points and does not have an
atmospheric level.

A

differential manometer

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8
Q

The centroid of the submerged coincides with the center
of pressure if:

A

the surface is horizontal

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9
Q

When the center of gravity of a floating body is farther
than the metacenter when referred to the center of
buoyancy (considering that the center of gravity is above the
center of buoyancy), the floating body is in:

A

unstable equilibrium

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10
Q

The horizontal component of the hydrostatic force
acting on the curved surface is equal to

A

Hyrdrostatic force acting of the vertical projection of the
curved surface.

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11
Q

The most efficient section for an open channel is:

A

semi-circular section

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12
Q

“Anybody submerged in a fluid is acted upon by and
unbalanced force (buoyant force) which is equal to the
weight of the displaced fluid”. This principle is known as:

A

Archimedes Principle

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13
Q

The metacentric height of a floating body is the distance
from the metacenter to the:

A

center of gravity

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14
Q

In a system of pipes in parallel, the:

A

head losses are equal

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15
Q

The buoyant force, BF, which is equal to the weight of
the displaced fluid is acting at the:

A

centroid of the displaced volume of fluid

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16
Q

A floating body is said to be stable when the metacenter
is:

A

above the center of gravity

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17
Q

The use of Angat Dam (in Bulacan) is multi-purpose in
nature and in case of extreme energy during periods of long
drought, the priority use of water will be:

A

water supply use

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18
Q

Deep groundwater deposits where underground water
are available for water supply and irrigation is known as:

A

aquifers

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19
Q

The distribution of discharge from all runoff sources
plotted as a function of time results to a graph which is
known as:

A

mass curve

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20
Q

In a horizontal uniform circular pipe, the head loss
between any two flow section is a direct measure of.

A

the difference in pressure heads & difference in the
elevation heads

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21
Q

In a system of pipes in series, the:

A

flows are equal

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22
Q

In fluid flow, if the fluid travels parallel to the adjacent
layers and the paths of individual particles do not cross; the
flow is said to be:

A

laminar

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23
Q

The headloss in a nozzle usually expressed in terms of:

A

the coefficient of velocity and velocity head

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24
Q

The locus of the elevation to which water will rise in a
piezometer tube is termed as:

A

the hydraulic gradient

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25
The result of static pressure in the fluid becoming less than fluid vapor pressure
Cavitation
26
A condition of flow characterized when fluid particles move in very irregular paths, causing an exchange of momentum from one portion of the fluid to another is:
turbulent flow
27
The difference between the hydraulic grade line and energy grade line is:
velocity head
28
It is an overflow structure built across an open channel for the purpose of measuring or controlling the flow.
weir
29
"The theoretical velocity of a jet of liquid issuing out of an orifice under a head of h being equal to the velocity of a free falling body dropping through a height of h" is known as the:
Torricelli Law
30
In a Pitot tube, the point of stagnation is the point where:
the velocity is zero
31
In the Venturi Meter, the section with the smallest pressure is:
throat
32
The vena contracta of sharp-edged hydraulic orifice usually occurs:
at a distance of 0.5D downstream from the plane of the orifice
33
A type of open channel flow where the Froude Number is equal to 1:
critical flow
34
A jump is possible to occur in an open channel when the flow is super critical, that is when the Froude Number is:
greater than 1
35
The length of the apron of a dam's spillway can be minimized by necessitating the jump to be localized through the absorption of the excess energy in the flow and construction of:
energy dissipaters
36
In the construction of sewer pipes, attempts should be made to follow the slope of the ground surface with the slope of the sewer. This will tend to:
minimize required excavation depth
37
The science of Hydrology encompasses the behavior of water as it occurs in the atmosphere, on the surface of the ground and underground or the movement of water as it relates to the earth is known as:
hydrologic cycle
38
For large basins ranging from 2000 to 10000 sq. miles representing the storm area where geographical variation in rainfall. depth patterns complex config., can be well defined in determining the ave. precipitation over an area by the method which is known as:
isoyetal map method
39
A branch of science that deals with the study of water in all its form and from all its origin to all its destination on the earth.
hydrology
40
In the design of waterways, the "hydraulic jump" is sometimes used for:
energy dissipation
41
One of the rational methods determining the reservoir- capacity yield analysis in dam design is known as:
mass curve
42
Must always occur above critical depth
Subcritical flow
43
A branch of science that deals with the study of water in all its form and from all its origin to all its destination on the earth.
hydrology
44
The slope of the channel is considered mild
super critical flow
45
In water purification, aeration is used to remove:
objectionable gases
46
Entrance losses between tank and pipe, or losses through elbows, fittings and valves are generally expressed as a function of:
kinetic energy
47
In fluid flow, the liquid travels parallel to the adjacent layers, and the paths on individual particles does not cross or intersect, the flow is said to be:
uniform
48
When the amount and velocity of fluid passing at any section at a given length or reach is constant with time, the flow is said to be:
uniform
49
In fluid flow, when the amount of fluid passing at a section is constant with time, the flow is said to be:
steady
50
Frictionless and incompressible
Ideal flow
51
Equal to the weight of displaced fluid
Bouyant force
52
In ____, the fluid particles move in an orderly manner
laminar flow
53
A body floats is said to be just stable.
when its metacentric height is zero
54
Measures the velocity at the stagnation point:
simple pitot tube
55
Measures static pressure
pitot-static
56
The hot- wire anemometer is used to measure
gas velocities
57
The centroid of the pressure prism
pressure center
58
A force component parallel to the relative approach velocity exerted on the body by the moving fluids, called:
viscosity
59
A short pipe whose length is not more than two or three diameters.
tube
60
The total hydrostatic pressure on a plane area is located 1/3 of the height of the liquid from the bottom if: a) the width is uniform b) the liquid surface is level with the top of the body c) the liquid surface is atmospheric d) none of the above
d) none of the above
61
Hydraulic jump is possible to occur in rectangular channel it: a) the depth is critical b) the Froude number is less than one c) the Froude number is equal to one d) none of the above
d) none of the above
62
Each number is a dimensionless ratio of the velocity of the fluid to the acoustic velocity, called as:
celerity
63
A motion caused by rotating impellers or by rotating a vessel containing a liquid is called:
forced vortex
64
The ratio of the area of a jet at the vena contracta to the area of the orifice or other opening is called as:
coefficient of contraction
65
In the design of waterways, the "hydraulic jump" is sometimes used for:
energy dissipation
66
The velocity of a fluid approaching an orifice or nozzle or similar device is called:
velocity of approach
67
In fluid flow, if the fluid travels parallel to the adjacent layers and the paths of individual particles do not cross; the flow is said to be:
laminar
68
If the velocity of a liquid in a pipeline is abruptly decreased by a valve moment, the phenomenon encountered is called:
water hammer
69
The branch of science that deals with the study of water in all of its form and from its origin to all its destination on the earth is known as:
hydrology
70
The most efficient condition for open channel flow in circular pipes is when:
it is flowing at a depth = 94% of the diameter
71
A cylinder of cork is floating upright in a tank partially filled with water. A vacuum is applied to the such that the air within it is partially removed. The cork will:
remain stationery
72
This phenomenon occurs in a flow at a point along the boundaries where the streamlines are spreading and the velocity gradient zero:
separation
73
The center of a circle traced by the centroid of the submerged portion of a floating body is known as:
metacenter
74
The pressure exerted by the atmosphere in every surface with which it comes in contact is known as:
atmospheric pressure
75
Fluids which have little resistance to change either in form or volume. It occupies all the space in which it is contained.
gases
76
When the gage liquid of an open manometer, is deflected towards the point of connection it implies that the gage pressure at the point of connection is:
negative
77
Absolute viscosity of a fluid varies with pressure and temperature and is defined as a function of:
shear stress and angular deformation rate
78
The capillary rise (or depression), h, in a circular tube with radius r is directly proportional to the surface tension of the liquid contained in the tube. The relationship between h and r is:
h is inversely proportional to r
79
Absolute viscosity of a fluid varies with pressure and temperature and is defined as a function of:
density, shear stress and angular deformation rate
80
Fluids which offer great resistance to change in volume. It occupies a definite portion in which it is contained.
liquids
81
It is defined as the weight of a unit volume of a substance.
specific weight
82
The quantitative measure of the amount of matter in a given body is known as:
Mass
83
It is a dimensionless ratio of the density (or specific weight) of a substance to that of some other standard substance.
specific gravity
84
All the following is true about absolute pressure, except:
absolute pressure can be negative
85
A mass of liquid being translated vertically downward with a uniform acceleration equal to the acceleration of gravity has, at any point in the mass, a pressure:
equal to zero
86
The hydrostatic pressure force which varies uniformly from the heel to the toe of the base width of the dam for design consideration. Is known. as:
uplift pressure force
87
A principal in flow measurement which states that the increase in kinetic energy per unit weight is equal to the decrease in the potential energy per unit weight, is known as:
Ventur Principle
88
Two jets of water, having the same velocity, one issuing horizontally and the other vertically at the same elevation, will strike the horizontal ground below with:
an increased equal kinetic energies
89
A Sutro-weir or "proportional-flow weir where the discharge is:
directly proportional to the first power of the head
90
Total energy of compressible incompressible fluid flowing across any section in a pipeline is a function of:
flow energy, kinetic energy, height above datum and internal energy
91
It defined as a conduit in which the liquid flows with free surface subiected to atmospheric, pressure. The flow is caused by the slope of the conduit and the liquid surface.
open channel flow
92
In open channel flow, many problems are solved by the special application of the energy principle which is defined as the distance between channel bottom and the energy line. This distance is known as.
specific energy
93
Uniform flow in an open channel implies the following characteristics, except:
datum parallel to surface
94
For optimum flow conditions to occur in a V-notch open channel.
the depth of flow must twice the width of surface
95
The two alternate depths of flow in open channel (the subcritical and super critical) are two possible depths that, for a constant specific energy, the:
unit discharge is the same
96
The fundamental objective of the hydraulic design of culverts for which the design discharge is passed without exceeding the allowable headwater elevation is:
to determine most economic diameters
97
The residual of precipitation that is drained from the land after the prior and persistent demands of evapotranspiration have been met is known as:
surface runoff
98
The hydraulic radius of an open-channel section is defined as:
the cross-sectional area divided by the wetted perimeter
99
In an open channel flow, the hydraulic grade line is the:
water surface
100
The sudden removal of land from the state of one man. to that of another, as by a sudden change in a river, the property thus separated continuing in the original owner of the sudden shift in location of a channel is known as:
avulsion
101
Which of the following statements nearly approximates conditions in turbulent most flow?
energy loss varies as the square of the velocity
102
At critical velocities in small pipes or at very low velocities, the loss of head due to friction
varies directly as the velocity
103
The normal stress is the same in all directions at a point in a fluid
only when there is no motion of one fluid layer relative to adjacent layer
104
The horizontal component of force on a curved surface is equal to the:
product of pressure at its centroid and area of the vertical projection
105
The vertical component of pressure force on a submerged curve surface is equal to:
gravity force of liquid vertically above the curved surface
106
The line of action of the buoyant force acts through the:
centroid of the displaced volume of fluid
107
When a liquid rotates at constant angular velocity about a vertical axis as a rigid body the pressure
Varies as the square of the radial distance
108
Occurs when the fluid rotates as a solid
forced vortex
109
The losses in open-channel flow generally varies as the:
square of the velocity
110
Occurs when conditions are the same at adjacent points at any instant
Steady flow
111
Is larger when the fluid is more compressible
bulk modulus of elasticity
112
The normal stress is the same in all directions at a point in a fluid:
when there is no motion of one fluid layer relative to an adjacent layer
113
The velocity of a known flowing gas may be determined from measurement of:
static pressure and temperature only
114
The losses in open-channel flow generally vary as the:
square of the velocity
115
Drawn normal to the velocity vector at every point
streamline
116
Pressure drag results from:
skin friction