Terms for electrolyte imbalences

Question 1

What is Hyponatremia and its causes/symptoms?

Answer 1

GI loss, sweating, fever, diuretics, ascites, congestive heart failure, kidney failure

Weakness, lassitude, apathy, headache, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia

Question 2

What is Hypernatremia and its causes/symptoms?

Answer 2

Net sodium gain, net water loss, increased aldosterone, steroid therapy

Tremulousness, irritability, ataxia, confusion, seizures, coma

Question 3

What is hypochlormia, causes and symptoms?

Answer 3

GI loss, diuretics

Metabolic alkalosis, muscle spasm, coma (severe cases)

Question 4

what is Hyperchloremia causes and symptoms?

Answer 4

Dehydration, metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis

Minimal symptoms

Question 5

What is Hypokalemia causes and symptoms?

Answer 5

Diuretics, steroid therapy, renal tubular disease, vomiting, diarrhea, malnutrition, trauma

Muscle weakness, paralysis, ECG abnormalities, supraventricular arrhythmias, circulatory failure, cardiac arrest

Question 6

What is Hyperkalemia causes and symptoms?

Answer 6

Chronic renal disease, hemorrhage, tissue necrosis, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, ACE inhibitors, cyclosporine, K+-sparing diuretics

ECG changes, ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac arrest