Oxygenation and CO2 Flashcards
What are the 5 factors which effect gas exchange?
Surface area Diffusion coefficient Pressure gradient Interstitial space width Perfusion
What are the 2 ways that Oxgen is carried in the blood?
Dissolved in plasma (.003) = Least amount
Attached to Hemoglobin (1g of hb carries 1.34 ml oxygen) = Most amount
What is the Normal range of Ca02?
16-22%
What is the normal range of Hemoglobin?
(M) 12.4-17.4 g/dl
(F) 11.7-16 g/dl
What is the Normal CVP/RAP pressure?
2-6 mmhg
What is the normal MPAP?
9-18 mmHg
What is the normal PCWP?
6-12 mmHg
What is the normal EF for the left ventricle?
65%
What is the frank steriling law?
the more you stretch the muscle fiber in
diastole, or the more volume in the ventricle, the stronger the next contraction will be in systole.
Until a physiological level is reached where elasticity declines and no matter how much stretch there is, it drops CO.
Indications for a PAP measurement
Hemodynamically unstable patients
Cardiogenic shock, sepsis
Unstable thoracic surgery patients
What is the Normal A-a Gradient?
5-15 mmHg.
the lower the number the better though, remember the higher the Fi02 the larger the gradient but their Sa02 and Pa02 should also be through the roof too.
What are the normal values for P/F ratio?
450-500
less than 299-mild ARDS
less than 199-moderate ARDS
less than 99-severe ARDS
A right shift in the Oxygen Dissociation Curve means what and is Caused by what?
Right Shift means more oxygen off loading at the tissue level.
Due to Increased temp, Increased H+, Increased 2,3 DPG. Increased C02,
LOWER pH.
Also, Sickle Cell
A left shift in the Oxygen Dissociation Curve means what and is Caused by what?
A left shift means less oxygen off loading and more RBC’s have a greater affinity for it.
Due to decreased temp, decreaed H+, decreased 2,3 DPG. Decreased C02, and HIGHER pH.
Fetal Hemoglobin and Met Hb.
How is Co2 carried in the blood?
HC03 formed in RBC (carbonic anhydrase Eq) = 80%
Dissolved in Blood (8%)
Carbaminohemoglobin (12%)
