Terms (Definition Provided) Flashcards
A type of poem. A letter in each word of the poem spells out another message.
Acrostic
This element is in Group 13 in the 3rd period. Its atomic number is 13, and its atomic mass is 27. It is the most common metal on Earth’s surface. It is the third most common element in Earth’s crust. It is a strong, light, and corrosion-resistant metal.
Aluminum (Al)
The chemical formula for this molecule is NH3. It is used to make fertilizers, explosives, and cleaning products.
Ammonia
This element is in Group 18 in the 3rd period. Its atomic number is 18 and its atomic mass is 40. It is the third most common gas in Earth’s atmosphere. It is used to fill lightbulbs.
Argon (Ar)
All the gas surrounding a planet.
Atmosphere
The basic building blocks of all matter. These are made from protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Atom
The unit of measurement used to tell the mass of an atom. Also give abbreviation.
Atomic Mass Unit
a.m.u.
Equals the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Each element has its own unique number. This number can be used to identify an element and is found in the periodic table.
Atomic Number
John Dalton proposed this theory in 1803. The theory states that 1.) All things are made of atoms. 2.) Atoms of the same element are the same, and atoms of different elements are different from each other. 3.) Compounds are formed when different types of atoms combine with each other.
Atomic Theory of Matter
This element is in Group 2 in the 2nd period. Its atomic number is 4, and its atomic mass is 9. This element is found in emeralds. It is a deadly poison if eaten.
Beryllium (Be)
The point in temperature at which a compound goes from a liquid to a gas.
Boiling Point
The places where atoms link together to make molecules.
Bonds
This element is in Group 13 in the 2nd period. Its atomic number is 5, and its atomic mass is 11. It is used to make the green color in fireworks.
Boron (B)
The chemical formula for this molecule is CaCO3. It is found in rocks. It is an important molecule in the shells of marine animals, snails, and birds.
Calcium Carbonate
The ability of a substance to draw another substance into it.
Capillary Action
This element is in Group 14 in the 2nd period. Its atomic number is 6, and its atomic mass is 12. It has two elemental forms: graphite and diamond. All living things on Earth have this element in them. It is the sixth most common element in the universe.
Carbon (C)
The chemical formula for this molecule is CO2. It is a gas found in Earth’s atmosphere.
Carbon Dioxide
A compound found in your blood and in many other living things as well.
Catalase
Something that speeds up a chemical reaction.
Catalyst
The basic units of all living things.
Cells
A special type of molecule found in plants.
Cellulose
Rearrangement of atoms such that new and different molecules are made. This is necessary for a chemical reaction to occur.
Chemical Change
This is a column of the periodic table. There are 18 of these.
Chemical Family or Group
A combination, separation, or rearrangement of atoms into new and different molecules.
Chemical Reaction
These are tests performed on compounds to see how they behave chemically.
Chemical Tests
All matter is made of these. These are made up of atoms and molecules.
Chemicals
A person who studies chemicals and the matter they make.
Chemist
The science studying chemicals and the matter they make.
Chemistry
This element is in Group 17 in the 3rd period. Its atomic number is 17, and its atomic mass is 35. It is found in bleach and table salt.
Chlorine (Cl)
The molecule that makes plants green.
Chlorophyll
A solid suspended in a liquid. It has properties between a solid and a liquid.
Colloid
A group of molecules that is all the same kind.
Compound
The point in temperature at which a compound goes from a gas to a liquid.
Condensation Point
Solids that form in an orderly, repeating pattern, e.g. sugar and NaCl.
Crystals
The famous English chemist (1766-1844) who proposed the Atomic Theory of Matter.
Dalton, John
The Greek who 2,400 years ago said that everything is made of partides called atoms.
Democritus
Things that have this characteristic have molecules very close together, as in a solid.
Dense
The physical property that measures the amount of stuff in a given space.
Density
A transport mechanism, where molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Diffusion
This is a method used for drawing atoms and molecules. Using this method, the electrons in the outer energy level are drawn around the elemental symbol.
Electron Dot Method
This is the name used for the atoms and molecules drawn using the Electron Dot Method.
Electron Dot Structures
Small particles that orbit around the nucleus of an atom. They have a negative charge.
Electrons
Matter that contains a specified type of atom; all of which all have the same number of protons in the nucleus. There are 118 different types of these.
Element
Where the electrons of an atom are found.
Energy Level
The ability to flow.
Fluid
Used in toothpaste to help strengthen teeth.
Fluoride
This element is in Group 17 in the 2nd period. Its atomic number is 9, and its atomic mass is 19. It is a very reactive element. This element is found in toothpaste to help strengthen teeth.
Fluorine (F)
The point in temperature at which a compound goes from a liquid to a solid.
Freezing Point
A state of matter. In this state the molecules have a lot of space between them. It does not have definite volume or a definite shape.
Gas
This element is in Group 11 in the 6th period. Its atomic number is 79, and its atomic mass is 197. It is a metal.
Gold (Au)
This element is in Group 18 in the Ist period. Its atomic number is 2, and its atomic mass is 4. The second most common element in the universe and the sixth most common gas in Earth’s atmosphere.
Helium (He)
This element is in Group 1 in the 1st period. Its atomic number is 1, and its atomic mass is 1. It is the smallest atom, the most common element in the universe, and the tenth most common element in Earth’s crust.
Hydrogen (H)
The chemical formula for this molecule is H202. It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent, and for antiseptic uses.
Hydrogen Peroxide
A reasoned proposal predicting an outcome of an experiment.
Hypothesis
This element is in Group 8 in the 4th period. Its atomic number is 26, and its atomic mass is 56. It is a metal.
Iron (Fe)
This element is in Group 14 in the 6th period. Its atomic number is 82, and its atomic mass is 207. It is a metal.
Lead (Pb)
A state of matter. This state has a definite volume but does not have a definite shape.
Liquid
This element is in Group 1 in the 2nd period. Its atomic number is 3, and its atomic mass is 7. The name of this element comes from the Greek word for “stone.”
Lithium (Li)
This element is in Group 2 in the 3rd period. Its atomic number is 12, and its atomic mass is 24. It is the eighth most common element in the universe and the seventh most common element in Earth’s crust. It is found in Epsom salt and seawater.
Magnesium (Mg)
A measurement for how much matter is in an object. Unlike weight, it is not affected by gravity.
Mass
All things that are made of atoms and molecules.
Matter
The point in temperature at which a compound goes from a solid to a liquid.
Melting Point
A famous Russian scientist (1834-1907) who created the periodic table.
Mendeleev, Dmitri
A group of different kinds of molecules.
Mixture
Formulas that indicate the amount and type of atoms present in a molecule, using elemental symbols and numerical subscript.
Molecular Formula
A group of two or more atoms bonded together.
Molecules
This element is in Group 18 in the 2nd period its atomic number is 10, and its atomic mass is 20. It is the fourth most common element in the universe and the fifth most common gas in Earth’s atmosphere. It is used to make lights for signs, like store “open” signs.
Neon (Ne)
Particles in the nucleus of an atom. These have no charge.
Neutrons
This element is in Group 15 in the 2nd period. Its atomic number is 7, and its atomic mass is 14. It is the fifth most common element in the universe. 78% of Earth’s atmosphere is this, making it the most common element in Earth’s atmosphere.
Nitrogen (N)
The center of an atom, containing the protons and neutrons.
Nucleus
This element is in Group 16 in the 2nd period. Its atomic number is 8, and its atomic mass is 16. It is the third most common element in the universe, the second most common gas in Earth’s atmosphere, and the most common element in Earth’s crust and in the ocean.
Oxygen (0)
The main reference document of chemistry. It tells the properties of the elements.
Periodic Table of the Elements
The rows of the periodic table. There are seven of these. It tells you the number of energy levels that element has.
Periods
A scale that measures the acidity and basicity of solutions. The scale ranges from 0 (strong acid) to 7 (neutral) to 14 (strong base).
pH Scale
The emission of light—the property of glowing in the dark.
Phosphorescent
This element is in Group 15 in the 3rd period. Its atomic number is 15, and its atomic mass is 31. It is used to make fireworks.
Phosphorus (P)
A change in appearance of something without there being a change in the molecules present.
Physical Change
These observations and tests are performed to determine the physical properties of compounds.
Physical Tests
A long chain of molecules that stretch and bend.
Polymer
This element is in Group 1 in the 4th period. Its atomic number is 19, and its atomic mass is 39. It is the seventh most common element in Earth’s crust.
Potassium (K)
Particles in the nucleus of an atom. They have a positive charge.
Protons
A special type of microscope used to see atoms.
Scanning-Tunneling Microscope
This element is in Group 14 in the 34’ period. Its atomic number is 14, and its atomic mass is 28. It is the seventh most common element in the universe and the second most common gas in Earth’s crust. It is found in sand.
Silicon (Si)
This element is in Group 11 in the 5th period. Its atomic number is 47, and its atomic mass is 108. It is a metal.
Silver (Ag)
This element is in Group 1 in the 3rd period. Its atomic number is 11, and its atomic mass is 23. It is the sixth most common element in Earth’s crust. It is found in table salt.
Sodium (Na)
The chemical formula for this molecule is NaCl. It is common table salt.
Sodium Chloride
The chemical formula for this molecule is NaOH. It is a strong base with a pH of 14. The common name is lye. It is used in making paper, drinking water, and detergents.
Sodium Hydroxide
The chemical formula for this molecule is NaC10. Its common name is bleach.
Sodium Hypochlorite
A state of matter. This state has a definite volume and a definite shape.
Solid
A substance which is dissolved in another substance.
Solute (which gets dissolved into a solvent)
A mixture with two parts to it, the solvent and the solute.
Solution
A substance in which another substance is dissolved.
Solvent (which has a solute dissolved into it)
The three forms of stuff—solid, liquid, and gas.
States of Matter
The name for water when it is a gas.
Steam
A word, number, or symbol that appears below the text—for example the 2 in H20 is in this notation.
Subscript
This element is in Group 16 in the 3rd period. Its atomic number is 16, and its atomic mass is 35. It is found in eggs, volcanoes, fireworks, and matches.
Sulfur (S)
In chemistry, the abbreviations for the names of the elements.
Symbols
A statement of what are held to be the general laws, principles, or causes of something known or observed. In science, these are ideas that interpret facts and explain how or why something works.
Theory
Water is called this, because it is the main solvent into which solutes are dissolved.
Universal Solvent
A physical property that measures the amount of space something takes up.
Volume
This element is in Group 12 in the 4th period. Its atomic number is 30, and its atomic mass is 65. It is a metal.
Zinc (Zn)
From the Latin word acere, meaning “sour.” These are a special type of molecule. Most of them have a hydrogen atom that dissociates from the molecule without its electron when it is put in water. This type of solution has a pH below 7.
Acid
Rain with a pH of less than 5. It is a pollutant that can kill aquatic animals and amphibians, weaken trees, and dissolve stone.
Acid Rain
A type of chemical reaction with the following form: acid + base = water + salt.
Acid-Base Reaction
A positively charged electrode.
Anode
A substance that neutralizes acid.
Antacid
A special type of molecule. Most of these molecules have an oxygen-hydrogen pair that dissociates from the molecule with an extra electron when put in water. This type of solution has a pH above 7.
Base
The ability of things to float.
Buoyancy
A negatively charged electrode.
Cathode
A type of chemical reaction with the following form, something that burns + 02 with the result of new molecules + heat. This type of reaction is exothermic.
Combustion Reactions
Occurs when a molecule comes apart and leaves or takes electrons.
Dissociation Reaction
An amount of electrical energy.
Electric Charge
A method of separating bonded atoms using an electrical current.
Electrolysis
A negatively or positively charged particle (ion) that conducts electricity.
Electrolyte
A type of reaction where the temperature at the end of the reaction is lower than the temperature at the beginning. Heat is absorbed in this type of chemical reaction.
Endothermic Reactions
A reaction where the temperature at the end of the reaction is higher than the temperature at the beginning. Heat is released in this type of chemical reaction.
Exothermic Reaction
A chemical added to soil as a food for plants.
Fertilizer
The chemical formula for hydrochloric acid is HCI. Hydrochloric acid is a very strong, corrosive acid with a low pH that has many industrial uses and is found in gastric juices.
Hydrochloric Acid
This type of bond can occur between molecules, where one of the molecules has hydrogen as a part of it. This type of bond holds water molecules together.
Hydrogen Bonding
Chemicals that show if something is an acid, a base, or neither.
Indicators
Not an acid or a base.
Neutral
Acid-base reactions perfectly calibrated to result in a neutral solution—pH = 7.
Neutralization Reaction
The solid that forms in a precipitation reaction.
Precipitate
A special type of chemical reaction where liquids with dissolved molecules mix together and make new molecules that are solids.
Precipitation Reaction
The new molecules made in a chemical reaction.
Products
The starting molecules in a chemical reaction.
Reactants
The chemical formula for this molecule is H2SO4. It is a strong acid.
Sulfuric Acid
Long, straw-like tubes in plants made of cellulose molecules. These are used for water transport.
Xylem
