Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LS Chemistry > Concepts > Flashcards

Concepts Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

How do you know how many electrons are in a “neutral” atom?

A

The same number as protons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Do atoms move?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many electrons are in the first energy level?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many electrons are in the second energy level?

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the atomic number and where can you find it?

A

It tells the number of protons in an atom and is found above the element’s symbol on the periodic table.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the atomic mass of an atom and where can you find it?

A

It is the sum of the mass of the protons and neutrons and is found under the element’s symbol.
This book simplifies it a bit to counting protons and neutrons, but in real life, slightly different**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the difference between weight and mass?

A

Mass is teh same anywhere in the universe; weight is affected by gravity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the difference between weight and mass?

A

Mass is the same anywhere in the universe; weight is affected by gravity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

All things are made of chemicals

A

Chemicals, which are made of molecules, which are made of atoms of elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chemistry is the science that studies chemicals

A

Chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A ____ is a person who studies how chemicals interact

A

Chemist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A ________ is your best guess about the outcome of an experiment

A

Hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chemists use two types of tests to tell different things apart—physical tests and chemical tests

A

Physical tests and chemical tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most chemicals are benign

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

<p>Atoms are extremely small</p>

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

<p>Atoms are stationary</p>

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

<p>A Greek philosopher named \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ talked about the concept of atoms 2,400 years ago</p>

A

Democritus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

<p>\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ affects how fast atoms move and the rate of diffusion</p>

A

Temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

<p>A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is needed to see atoms</p>

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

<p>The three parts of an atom are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_</p>

A

protons, neutrons, and electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Electrons are found orbiting the nucleus in ___________

A

energy levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

<p>\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is/are found in the nucleus</p>

A

Protons and neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

________ and _________ are charged particles

A

Protons and electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

<p>True or False: Protons, neutrons, and electrons are different depending on what atom they are in.</p>

A

False - a proton is a proton no matter what kind of atom it is in Same wiht neutrons and electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Each type of ______ has a unique name

A

atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

<p>Atoms are mostly \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_</p>

A

empty space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What makes one type of atom different from another type of atom?

A

The number of protons that the atom has in its nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The number of __________ a neutral atom has is the same as the number of protons in its nucleus

A

electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

An _________ is a group of the same type of atoms

A

element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

A maximum of ________ electrons go in the first energy level

A

two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

A maximum of __________ electrons go in the second energy level

A

eight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

When going from one type of atom to the next, one and only one ______ is added to nucleus

A

proton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

True or False: Most atoms have more than one energy level

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The __________ is a chart that has the names of all the elements on it

A

periodic table

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

True/False: Everything is made from elements in the periodic table

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Elements are on the periodic table in abbreviated forms, called _________

A

symbols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

____________ invented the periodic table

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Why do some symbols have nothing in common with the name for the element?

A

Some symbols come from earlier names used for the element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

The ___________ is found on your periodic table above the symbol for the element

A

atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The atomic number equals the number of _______ in that type of atom

A

protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

The number of electrons in an atom’s elemental form equals the ________________

A

atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

If something is an __________, all parts of it will react the same in a chemical test

A

element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

When going from one element to the next one on the periodic table, one ________ is added to the nucleus

A

proton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

The ___________ of an element equals the number of protons + the number of neutrons

A

atomic mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

True or False: Mass is the same anywhere in the universe

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

True or False: Weight is the same anywhere in the universe

A

False. Weight is affected by gravity, so it isn’t the same anywhere in the universe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Things that take up the same amount of space can have different ___________

A

masses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

If the number of the same type of atoms stays constant, the liquid state weighs the SAME or MORE or LESS as the solid state

A

same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What does a.m.u. stand for?

A

atomic mass unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

________ is the unit used to measure the atomic mass of an atom

A

a.m.u. or atomic mass unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

The rows of the periodic table are called ________

A

periods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

There are ______ periods on the periodic table

A

seven

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

True or false: The periodic table is read from left to right and down, like a book

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

The _______ an element is in equals the number of energy levels it has

A

period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

The columns of the periodic table are called _______

A

groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Elements in the same _______ on the periodic table share traits with each other

A

group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

There are ______ groups on the periodic table

A

18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Elements in the same group have the same number of ____________________

A

electrons in their outer energy level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

The top three _________ on the periodic table have 18 commonly occurring elements

A

rows (periods)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

_________ of the 118 elements are naturally occurring, the rest are man-made

A

92

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

One and only one _____________ is added to the nucleus of an element when going from one element to the next on the periodic table

A

proton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

The number of _______ in an element’s nucleus equals its atomic number

A

protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

The__________ of an element equals the atomic number plus the number of neutrons

A 
atomic mass  
(By the way, this is conceptual and simplified for kids, not exactly true.  It's the total of the mass of the protons and neutrons, which is not exactly 1.)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

The total number of ________ for elements on the periodic table equals the number of ______ for that element

A

electrons, protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

All elements in the same group have the same number of _____________________________

A

electrons in their outer energy level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

The number of ________ does not increase consistently from one atom to the next, but does increase overall

A

neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Introduction to the elements hydrogen, lithium, and sodium

A

Answer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Things are (more or less) buoyant in NaCl + water than in water alone

A

more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Introduction to the elements hydrogen, lithium, and sodium

A

Answer

70
Q

A solution = ______ + ________

A

A solution = solute + solvent

71
Q

________ is the universal solvent

A

Water

72
Q

Introduction to the elements boron and aluminum

A

Answer

73
Q

Introduction to the elements carbon and silicon

A

Answer

74
Q

________ browns when heated

A

Carbon

75
Q

Sugar is made from _____________

A

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

76
Q

Introduction to the elements nitrogen and phosphorus

A

Answer

77
Q

Introduction to the elements oxygen and sulfur

A

Answer

78
Q

When hydrogen peroxide bubbles it is turning into ______________

A

water and O2

79
Q

Hydrogen peroxide bubbles on cuts because of _________ in your blood, not germs in the cut

A

catalase

80
Q

Introduction to the elements fluorine and chlorine

A

Answer

81
Q

__________ bonds to calcium in teeth making teeth stronger

A

Fluorine

82
Q

Introduction to the elements helium, neon, and argon

A

Answer

83
Q

Gas SHRINKS or GETS BIGGER when it is cold

A

shrinks (has a smaller volume)

84
Q

Atoms bond (link) together and make ________

A

molecules

85
Q

The bonds form when atoms share _________________

A

electrons from their outer energy levels

86
Q

A _________ is a group of all the same type of molecules

A

compound

87
Q

A _________ is a group of different types of molecules

A

mixture

88
Q

____________ tell the amount and type of atoms present in a molecule

A

Molecular formulas

89
Q

To write a _______________, write the symbol for the element and the number of _______ present

A

molecular formula, atoms

90
Q

___________ in plants is a result of the interaction between water molecules and the cellulose molecules in the plant

A

Capillary action

91
Q

A special method for drawing molecules called that uses dots

A

Electron Dot Structures

92
Q

When drawing molecules with Electron Dot Structures, place the atoms so they are sharing ______ on the side where there is a single electron

A

electrons

93
Q

Electron Dot Structures pair _______ from different atoms using only _____________________

A

electrons,

electrons in the atoms’ outer energy levels

94
Q

The rate of ___________ can be affected by how “sticky” water finds molecules it encounters in something like a plant

A

capillary action

95
Q

Protons + neutrons + electrons make ________

A

atoms

96
Q

Atoms group together to make ________

A

molecules

97
Q

Molecules group together to make _______

A

matter

98
Q

Sometimes when two different types of molecules get together, they switch atoms around and make different molecules. This is called a __________

A

chemical reaction

99
Q

When chemical reactions happen, _______ cannot be created or destroyed

A

atoms

100
Q

__________ wrote the Atomic Theory of Matter in 1766

A

John Dalton

101
Q

________ is anything that takes up space and has mass (weight).

A

Matter

102
Q

Matter comes in three states—name them.

A

solid, liquid, and gas

103
Q

The three states of matter are differentiated by the physical properties of ___________________

A

definite shape and volume

104
Q

True or False: Water is found in all three states—ice, liquid water, and steam—over the normal temperature range

A

True

105
Q

The special name for the point where matter goes from solid to a liquid _____________

A

melting point

106
Q

The special name for the point where matter goes from liquid to a solid

A

Freezing point

107
Q

The special name for the point where matter goes from gas to a liquid

A

Condensation point

108
Q

The special name for the point where matter goes from liquid to a gas

A

Boiling point

109
Q

The temperature of the freezing point = the temperature of the _______________

A

melting point

110
Q

The temperature of the boiling point = the temperature of the _____________

A

condensation point

111
Q

Boiling point of water = condensation point = what temperature in Fahrenheit and Celsius?

A

212˚F (100˚C)

112
Q

The melting point of water = freezing point = what temperature in Fahrenheit and Celsius?

A

32˚F (0˚C)

113
Q

True or False: Some matter does not fall completely into one of the three defined states

A

True

114
Q

The molecules in a ________ are close together

A

solid

115
Q

The molecules in a _______ do not move much, they vibrate slightly and have a fixed position relative to each other

A

solid

116
Q

True or false: Solids are less dense than gases.

A

False. Solids are MORE dense than gases.

117
Q

The amount of stuff in a given space

A

Density

118
Q

_______ have a definite shape and a definite volume

A

Solids

119
Q

Solids are more dense than liquids, with the important exception of _________

A

water

120
Q

_______ is affected by the amount and type of molecules or elements present

A

Density (there are probably other things that could fit here too, but at the moment this section is about density)

121
Q

Molecules stick together by sharing __________

A

electrons

122
Q

Molecules in _____ are close together and don’t move much

A

solids

123
Q

Molecules in liquids are farther apart and move more than in ________

A

solids

124
Q

Molecules in ______ are not very close together—they move a lot

A

gases

125
Q

The molecules in a ______ are close together but not as close as in a solid

A

liquid

126
Q

The molecules in a liquid move around but not as much as in a _________

A

gas

127
Q

_________ have a definite volume, but not a definite shape

A

Liquids

128
Q

True or False: Different types of liquids can have different densities

A

True

129
Q

True or False: Water is essential to life, as we know it

A

True

130
Q

_______ bonds hold water molecules together

A

Hydrogen

131
Q

Because ice is MORE or LESS dense than liquid water, the same number of molecules in ice has a GREATER or SMALLER volume than those molecules in liquid water

A

less dense / greater volume

132
Q

Water can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen gases through a process called ______________

A

electrolysis

133
Q

The molecules in a _____ have a lot of space between them

A

gas

134
Q

The molecules in a ________ are fluid, move very fast, and mix freely

A

gas

135
Q

______ do not have a definite volume or a definite shape

A

Gases

136
Q

Gases are MORE or LESS dense than solids and liquids

A

less

137
Q

Because gases are less dense than liquids, they will __________

A

float to the top and out of a liquid

138
Q

True/False: Oxygen is essential to life

A

True

139
Q

True or False: Air doesn’t take up space

A

False. Air takes up space!

140
Q

Air is 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen. ________ is cycled between people, animals, and plants

A

Oxygen

141
Q

True or False: Air is important for regulating the temperature on earth

A

True

142
Q

True or false: In a chemical reaction, the molecules at the beginning are NOT the same as those at the end

A

True

143
Q

True or false: In a chemical reaction, the atoms at the beginning are NOT the same as those at the end

A

False: The same atoms are there, but they are bonded differently

144
Q

When there is a __________ change, the molecules present do not change

A

physical

145
Q

In a chemical reaction, the starting molecules are called _____________

A

reactants

146
Q

In a chemical reaction, the ending molecules are called ______________

A

products

147
Q

What are three evidences of chemical change?

A

temperature change,
the formation of bubbles, or
a solid forming

148
Q

Chemical reactions are written as equations

A

Answer

149
Q

___________ reactions release heat

A

Exothermic

150
Q

___________ reactions absorb heat

A

Endothermic

151
Q

Acids taste __________

A

sour

152
Q

Bases taste __________

A

bitter and feel slippery

153
Q

________ tell if a solution is an acid, a base, or neutral

A

Indicators

154
Q

In _______, the hydrogen atom comes off in a solution and leaves an electron

A

acids

155
Q

In acids, the hydrogen atom comes off in a solution and leaves an electron. This is called a ___________.

A

dissociation reaction

156
Q

In _______, the oxygen and hydrogen atoms come off in solution and take electrons

A

bases

157
Q

In bases, the oxygen and hydrogen atoms come off in solution and take electrons. This is called a __________

A

dissociation reaction

158
Q

acid + base = water + salt = ____________

A

an acid-base reaction

159
Q

H without its electron (from an acid) and OH with an electron (from a base) makes _______

A

H2O

160
Q

If an acid and a base solution are mixed, and the resulting solution is neutral, it is called a __________ reaction

A

neutralization

161
Q

The____________ is used to measure the strength of an acid or a base

A

pH scale

162
Q

The pH scale measures from ___ to ____

A

0 to 14

163
Q

What number is neutral neutral on the pH scale?

A

7

164
Q

A value less than 7 on the pH scale is a/an _________

A

acid

165
Q

A value greater than 7 on the pH scale is a/an _________

A

base

166
Q

In precipitation reactions, different ______ are mixed together and one of the products formed is a _____

A

LIQUIDS are mixed together / one of the products formed is a SOLID

167
Q

______________________ reactions are the type of chemical reactions used to make bones, teeth, shells, and coral reefs

A

Precipitation

168
Q

Combustion reactions must have ________________ as one of its reactants

A

oxygen gas

169
Q

Are combustion reactions are exothermic or endothermic?

A

exothermic

170
Q

What happens if oxygen gas is taken away from a fire?

A

The fire goes out and the reaction stops

171
Q

Air is ____% nitrogen and ____% oxygen.

A

Air is 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen.

LS Chemistry (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions