Terms Chapter 5

Question 1

Active range

Answer 1

the span of body temperatures at which ectotherms can carry out their every-day activities

Question 2

Aerobic respiration

Answer 2

The release of energy from glucose or another organic substrate in the presence of oxygen.

Question 3

Anerobic respiration

Answer 3

The release of energy from glucose or another organic substrate in the absence of oxygen.

Question 4

Autotroph

Answer 4

Organisms that convert inorganic forms of energy to organic forms of energy.

Question 5

Basal metabolic rate

Answer 5

the rate at which energy is used by an organism at complete rest

Question 6

Biomagnification

Answer 6

process by which tissue concentrations of chemicals in organisms at one trophic level exceed tissue concentrations in organisms at the next lower trophic level in a food chain

Question 7

Biomass

Answer 7

The mass of a species or group of species.

Question 8

Carnivores

Answer 8

Animals that eat other animals for energy

Question 9

Decomposers

Answer 9

Organisms that get food energy from dead parts of other organisms.

Question 10

Detritivores

Answer 10

Organisms that eat detritus

Question 11

Detritus

Answer 11

Dead or decaying organic matter that is consumed by detritivores

Question 12

Ecological efficiency

Answer 12

The percentage of energy from one trophic level that is incorporated in the next level; consistent with the second principle of thermodynamics

Question 13

Ectotherms

Answer 13

Animals that obtain most of their body heat from the environment.

Question 14

Endotherms

Answer 14

Animals that obtain most of their body heat from internal metabolic processes.

Question 15

Energy pyramid

Answer 15

A diagram that compares the amount of energy available at each position, or level, in the feeding order.

Question 16

Food chain

Answer 16

The simplest representation of energy flow in a community

Question 17

Food web

Answer 17

Interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem.

Question 18

Grazers

Answer 18

Organisms in the second trophic position that eat autotrophs.

Question 19

Gross Primary Production

Answer 19

The rate at which autotrophs convert inorganic forms of energy to organic forms of energy.

Question 20

Heterotroph

Answer 20

Organisms that obtain energy-containing molecules by eating other organisms.

Question 21

Hibernation

Answer 21

A state in which the metabolic rate slows by as much as 99 percent.

Question 22

K selected

Answer 22

An evolutionary strategy in which organisms allocate a relatively small fraction of their energy budget toward reproduction.

Question 23

Maintenance Respiration

Answer 23

The use of energy to maintain order in a living system.

Question 24

Maturation

Answer 24

A growth process in which juveniles increase in size and change in form to the point at which they are capable of reproduction.

Question 25

Metamorphosis

Answer 25

A dramatic change in body form that occurs as juveniles change to adults.

Question 26

Mimicry

Answer 26

the superficial resemblance of two or more organisms that are not closely related taxonomically.

Question 27

Net Primary Production

Answer 27

The difference between gross primary production and maintenance in autotrophs.

Question 28

Omnivores

Answer 28

Heterotrophs that feed on both plants and animals.

Question 29

Parenting

Answer 29

Energy allocated toward reproduc- tion in the form of caring for offspring.

Question 30

Photosynthesis

Answer 30

the use of solar energy to break the bonds between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water molecules, and the incorporation of hydrogen atoms and carbon dioxide molecules to form glucose.

Question 31

Phytoplankton

Answer 31

Single-cell photosynthetic algae that live suspended in bodies of water and drift about.

Question 32

Primary Consumers

Answer 32

Organisms in the second trophic position that eat autotrophs (also known as grazers).

Question 33

R Selected

Answer 33

An evolutionary strategy in which organisms allocate a large fraction of their energy budget toward reproduction.

Question 34

Reproduction

Answer 34

the production of offspring by a sexual or asexual process

Question 35

Respiration

Answer 35

Biochemical pathways that convert food to energy.

Question 36

Scavengers

Answer 36

Animals that eat portions of dead animals.

Question 37

Secondary Consumers

Answer 37

Organisms in the third trophic position that eat organisms in the second trophic position.

Question 38

Secondary Productivity

Answer 38

The rate at which heterotrophs create new biomass per unit area in a given time period.

Question 39

Senescence

Answer 39

the condition or process of deterioration with age; growing old

Question 40

Trophic Position

Answer 40

The position along the food chain or food web at which an organism obtains energy.

Question 41

Zooplankton

Answer 41

Small multicellular organisms that are among the most important primary consumers in aquatic environments.