Terms and Propositions Flashcards
Terms is equivalent to ______
ideas or concepts
propositions are equivalent to _______
judgments
are terms used in precisely the same sense or meaning
Univocal
are terms used in figures of speech
Analogoous
are terms used in two or more different meanings
Equivocal
are terms used to express an affirmation of a particular things
Positive
terms that express the absence or negation of a thing
Negative
terms that have more than one word
Complex
terms that denote the absence or a perfection in a being that ought ot have what it does not have
Privative
terms that express abstract ideas
Abstract
terms that consist of a single word
Simple
terms that cannot be understood without the other
Relative
terms that are so opposed that when we accept one, we reject the other
Contradictory
terms that are similar to Contradictory terms but have middle ground
Contrary
terms that seem contradictory but are combinable
Paradoxical
a sentence or statement which affirms or denies something.
proposition
only ______ sentences can be considered propositions
declarative
a proposition that affirms or denies something without any qualification or condition
Categorical
a proposition that has a condition
Conditional
proposition that presents two or more alternatives, one of which is true. usually joined by “either,” “or”
Disjunctive
proposition that presents two alternatives which cannot be true at the same time
Conjunctive
If the relation of the subject and the predicate is unchangeable,
the proposition is considered as
necessary propositions
are those having changeable relations
between subject and predicate.
contingent propositions
Four components of a Categorical Proposition
quantifier, subject, copula, predicate
refers to the pattern or arrangement or basic propositional components into a logical unit
Standard Form
Convert to Standard Form
” John writes books.”
John is a person who writes books.
Convert to Standard Form
“Cats have whiskers.”
Cats are animals that have whiskers.
Two qualities a proposition can have
affirmative, negative
“Affirmo” means ____
I affirm
“nego” means ____
I deny
What symbol should be used?
All men are mortal beings.
A
What symbol should be used?
Some men are God-fearing.
I
What symbol should be used?
Jesus Christ is the son of God.
A
What symbol should be used?
Cows are not horses.
E
What symbol should be used?
Some houses are not strong.
O
What symbol should be used?
That dog is not mine
E
What symbol should be used?
Every person is rational
A
What symbol should be used?
Some horses are black.
I
What symbol should be used?
No X are Y
E
What symbol should be used?
Some roses are not white
O
