terms and definitions Flashcards
emphysema
chronic hyperinflation of the alveoli. Patients with emphysema are taught the pursed-lip breathing technique to prevent alveolar collapse during exhalation emphysema causes diminished lung sounds, prolonged expiration and wheezing.
What is a pneumothorax or hemothorax?
pneumothorax– trapped air
hemothorax – trapped fluids
lung sounds are diminished or absent when lung tissue is compressed by air or fluids in the pleural space.
Allen test
instruct client to make a fist; occlude radial and ulnar arteries using firm pressure.
Instruct client to open fist; the palm will exhibit pallor.
Release pressure on ulnar artery; palm should turn pink in 15 seconds indicating patency of ulnar artery. This test is used before beginning an arterial line.
neurogenic shock
distributive shock. classic signs/symptoms are hypotension, bradycardia, and pink and dry skin from the vasodilation. Neurogenic shock usually occurs in cervical or high thoracic injuries (t6 or higher).
autonomic dysreflexia
medical emergency that presents with severe headache, hypertension, pilorerection and diaphoresis. it is seen weeks to years after the injury. generally occurs in a client with high level fracture at T6 or above with stimulation below the fracture.
What is VEAL CHOP and its clinical significance?
V-ariable decelerations (C)
E-arly decelerations (H)
A-ccelerations (O)
L-ate decelerations (P)
C-ord compressions/prolapse, oligohydramnios
H-ead compression
O-kay (normal fetal oxygenation)
P-lacental insufficiency
What is intussusception, and what is it characterized by?
occurs when the intestine telescopes into another adjacent part and causes a blockage. This leads to swelling and decreased blood. tissue death and perforation in the ab may result. Peritonitis can occur, which is abdomen inflammation due to infection. it is characterizied by fever, abdominal rigidity, guarding and rebounding, THE CONDITION IS FATAL IF NOT TREATED QUICKly. If the procedure is painful and there is an absence of tears, IV hydration should be started since this is common in clients with intussusception.. a sausage shaped right sided mass is felt on palpation. It is a surgical emergency.
What is tinea corporis? how do you treat it?
ringworm. transmitted fungal infection transmitted from one person to another or from infected animal to a human. . it appears as a scaly, pruritic patch that is often circular or oval in shape. highly contagious and can be spread vi items such as hats, towels and bedding. often treated used with topical antifungals (e.g. tolnaftate, haloprogin, miconazole, clotrimazole).
What isa neurogenic shock?
it is a distributive shock. Vascular dilation with decreased venous return to the heart is present due to loss of innervation from the spine. Classic signs/symptoms are hypotension, bradycardia, and pink and dry skin form the vasodilation. Neurogenic shock occurs from cervical or high thoracic injuries. You need fluids to perfuse the kidneys.
What is autonomic dysreflexia?
a medical emergency that presents with severe headache, hypertension, piloerection (goosebumps), and diaphoresis. It is see weeks to years after the injury.
