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Microprocessor > Terms and Concepts > Flashcards

Terms and Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

any organization/device that includes input, process, and output features

A

System

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2
Q

can be used to control external devices having inputs and outputs as a series of voltages

A

microprocessor

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3
Q

due to being prone to moisture and abrasions, microprocessors are encapsulated by _____

A

plastic or ceramic

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4
Q

the size, shape, and number of pins of a microcontroller depends on ____

A

amount of data it can handle

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5
Q

an electronic circuit fabricated out of a solid block of semiconductor material. often called solid state circuit, allows for very complex circuits to be constructed in a small volume

A

Integrated circuits

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6
Q

particular microprocessor based system that can be used as a computer

A

microcomputer

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7
Q

a complete microprocessor based control system built into a single chip. a small and convenient but doesn’t do anything that coudn’t be done with a microprocessor

A

microcontroller

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8
Q

MPU

A

Microprocessor unit

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9
Q

performs actual numerical and logical operations

A

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

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10
Q

the results of ALU are stored in ____

A

Accumulators

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11
Q

set of instructions in the form of binary pattern

A

Machine language/machine code

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12
Q

also known as assembly language, is a human-readable representation of machine code instructions

A

mnemonics

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13
Q

conversion of assembly-level language into binary machine-level language

A

assembler

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14
Q

how many registers does an 8085 microprocessor have

A

6 registers (B,C,D,E,H,L)

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15
Q

group of flip-flops, where each flip-flop stores one bit of information. its basic function is to hold information in a digital system and make it available to the logic elements for the computing process

A

registers

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16
Q

number of bits in a register is called _____

A

width

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17
Q

action of puting data into memory

A

writing

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18
Q

getting the data out of memory

A

reading

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19
Q

a special register in a computer’s processor that contains individual binary flags or status bits. These flags reflect the outcomes or conditions resulting from the execution of instructions. Each flag represents a specific condition, such as the result of an arithmetic operation or the state of a specific flag bit.

A

flag register

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20
Q

a 16-bit register that deals with sequencing the execution of instructions. also a memory pointer, used to point the memory address from which the next byte is to be fetched

A

program counter

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21
Q

it points to a memory location in R/W memory called stack. special register in a computer’s processor that keeps track of the top or current position of the stack in the system’s memory

A

Stack Pointer

22
Q

8-bit register that temporarily stores the current instruction of a program

A

instruction register/decoder

23
Q

generates signals on data bus, address bus, and control bus within microprocessors to carry out the instruction that has been decoded

A

Control Unit

24
Q

is a single binary digit.

A

Bit

25
Q

group of wires/lines that carry similar information.

A

Bus

26
Q

group of wires/lines used for communication between the microprocessor and peripherals.

A

system bus

27
Q

number of bits that can be stored in a register or memory element is called

A

memory word

28
Q

It carries the address, which is a unique binary pattern used to identify a memory location or an I/O port.

A

address bus

29
Q

used to transfer data between memory and processor or between I/O device and processor.

A

data bus

30
Q

carry control signals, which consists of signals for selection of memory or I/O device from the given address, direction of data transfer and synchronization of data transfer in case of slow devices.

A

control bus

31
Q

among the three buses (address, control, and data), which on is unidirectional

A

address bus

32
Q

process of specifying the data to be operated on by instruction

A

addressing

33
Q

time taken by the processor to complete the execution of an instruction. consist of 1 to 6 cycles

A

instruction cycle

34
Q

time required to complete 1 operation

A

machine cycle

35
Q

time corresponding to 1 clock period. the basic unit to calculate execution of instructions

A

t-state

36
Q

first step in the execution of any instruction

A

opcode fetch machine cycle

37
Q

mechanism by which the processor is made to transfer control from its current program execution to another program having higher priority

A

interrupt

38
Q

address of memory where Interrupt Service Routine(ISR) is located

A

Interrupt Vector Address (IVR)

39
Q

type of interrupt that requires the IVA to be supplied by external device that gives interrupt signal

A

Vectored interrupts

40
Q

type of interrupt that has a fixed IVA for ISRs of different interrupt signals

A

Non-vectored interrupt

41
Q

type of interrupt that can be blocked

A

maskable interrupt

42
Q

type of interrupt that are always recognized

A

non-maskable interrupt

43
Q

type of interrupt that are special instructions, after execution transfer the control to predefined ISR

A

Software interrupt

44
Q

A 16-bit binary number refers to the basic data size or bit size that can be processed by the arithmetic and logic unit of the processor.

A

Word

44
Q

type of interrupt that are signals given to the processor, for recognition as an interrupt and execution of the corresponding ISR

A

Hardware Interrupt

45
Q

8085 instruction set includes eight software interrupt instructions called

A

Restart (RST) instructions

46
Q

used to mask/unmask RST hardware interrupts

A

SIM (set interrupt mask) instruction

47
Q

used to read the status of the interrupt mask bits

A

RIM (read interrupt mask) instruction

48
Q

the longest instruction of 8085 takes __ clock periods

A

18

49
Q

interrupt signal must be applied at least __ clock periods

A

17.5

Microprocessor (2 decks)

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