Terms and Concepts Flashcards
any organization/device that includes input, process, and output features
System
can be used to control external devices having inputs and outputs as a series of voltages
microprocessor
due to being prone to moisture and abrasions, microprocessors are encapsulated by _____
plastic or ceramic
the size, shape, and number of pins of a microcontroller depends on ____
amount of data it can handle
an electronic circuit fabricated out of a solid block of semiconductor material. often called solid state circuit, allows for very complex circuits to be constructed in a small volume
Integrated circuits
particular microprocessor based system that can be used as a computer
microcomputer
a complete microprocessor based control system built into a single chip. a small and convenient but doesn’t do anything that coudn’t be done with a microprocessor
microcontroller
MPU
Microprocessor unit
performs actual numerical and logical operations
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
the results of ALU are stored in ____
Accumulators
set of instructions in the form of binary pattern
Machine language/machine code
also known as assembly language, is a human-readable representation of machine code instructions
mnemonics
conversion of assembly-level language into binary machine-level language
assembler
how many registers does an 8085 microprocessor have
6 registers (B,C,D,E,H,L)
group of flip-flops, where each flip-flop stores one bit of information. its basic function is to hold information in a digital system and make it available to the logic elements for the computing process
registers
number of bits in a register is called _____
width
action of puting data into memory
writing
getting the data out of memory
reading
a special register in a computer’s processor that contains individual binary flags or status bits. These flags reflect the outcomes or conditions resulting from the execution of instructions. Each flag represents a specific condition, such as the result of an arithmetic operation or the state of a specific flag bit.
flag register
a 16-bit register that deals with sequencing the execution of instructions. also a memory pointer, used to point the memory address from which the next byte is to be fetched
program counter
it points to a memory location in R/W memory called stack. special register in a computer’s processor that keeps track of the top or current position of the stack in the system’s memory
Stack Pointer
8-bit register that temporarily stores the current instruction of a program
instruction register/decoder
generates signals on data bus, address bus, and control bus within microprocessors to carry out the instruction that has been decoded
Control Unit
is a single binary digit.
Bit
group of wires/lines that carry similar information.
Bus
group of wires/lines used for communication between the microprocessor and peripherals.
system bus
number of bits that can be stored in a register or memory element is called
memory word
It carries the address, which is a unique binary pattern used to identify a memory location or an I/O port.
address bus
used to transfer data between memory and processor or between I/O device and processor.
data bus
carry control signals, which consists of signals for selection of memory or I/O device from the given address, direction of data transfer and synchronization of data transfer in case of slow devices.
control bus
among the three buses (address, control, and data), which on is unidirectional
address bus
process of specifying the data to be operated on by instruction
addressing
time taken by the processor to complete the execution of an instruction. consist of 1 to 6 cycles
instruction cycle
time required to complete 1 operation
machine cycle
time corresponding to 1 clock period. the basic unit to calculate execution of instructions
t-state
first step in the execution of any instruction
opcode fetch machine cycle
mechanism by which the processor is made to transfer control from its current program execution to another program having higher priority
interrupt
address of memory where Interrupt Service Routine(ISR) is located
Interrupt Vector Address (IVR)
type of interrupt that requires the IVA to be supplied by external device that gives interrupt signal
Vectored interrupts
type of interrupt that has a fixed IVA for ISRs of different interrupt signals
Non-vectored interrupt
type of interrupt that can be blocked
maskable interrupt
type of interrupt that are always recognized
non-maskable interrupt
type of interrupt that are special instructions, after execution transfer the control to predefined ISR
Software interrupt
A 16-bit binary number refers to the basic data size or bit size that can be processed by the arithmetic and logic unit of the processor.
Word
type of interrupt that are signals given to the processor, for recognition as an interrupt and execution of the corresponding ISR
Hardware Interrupt
8085 instruction set includes eight software interrupt instructions called
Restart (RST) instructions
used to mask/unmask RST hardware interrupts
SIM (set interrupt mask) instruction
used to read the status of the interrupt mask bits
RIM (read interrupt mask) instruction
the longest instruction of 8085 takes __ clock periods
18
interrupt signal must be applied at least __ clock periods
17.5
