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Physical Exam > Terms & Abbreviations > Flashcards

Terms & Abbreviations Flashcards

1
Q

Antecubital

A

region of the arm in front of the elbow

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2
Q

Apnea

A

stop breathing

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3
Q

Bradypnea

A

Slow breathing

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4
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

A

apnea alterating w/ hyperpnea

caused by CHF, drugs, uremia, brain damage

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5
Q

dwarf

A

small person

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6
Q

Dysphonia

A

difficulty speaking

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7
Q

Hyperpnea

A

rapid, deep breathing

ex. hyperventilation

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8
Q

Hypothermia

A

Dangerously low body Temp.

below 95 °F (35 °C)

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9
Q

Palpitations

A

abnormal heart beat

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10
Q

Pulsus alternans

A

alternating strong and weak pulse beats

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11
Q

Pulsus bisferiens

A

a double pulse felt due to the backflow of blood in early diastole

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12
Q

Pyrexia

A

Fever

> 100.5 F (38 C)

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13
Q

Systole

A

Heart contraction

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14
Q

Tachypnea

A

Rapid shallow breathing

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15
Q

Aphasia

A

Speechlessness

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16
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow heart beat

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17
Q

Cachectic

A

loss of weight, muscle atrophy, fatigue, weakness, and significant loss of appetite

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18
Q

Diastolic

A

Heart relaxation

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19
Q

Dysarthria

A

difficulty saying words

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20
Q

Edema

A

fluid retention

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21
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Breathing quickly & deeply

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22
Q

Orthostatic HOTN

A

BP drops when you stand up

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23
Q

Pulse pressure

A

Diff. btwn the systolic & diastolic BP

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24
Q

Pulsus bigeminus

A

2 heart beats close together followed by a longer pause

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25
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

large dec. in systolic BP during inspiration

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26
Q

Rigors

A

a sudden feeling of cold with shivering accompanied by a rise in temperature, often with copious sweating

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27
Q

Tachycardia

A

fast heart beat

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28
Q

Bilat

A

bilateral

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29
Q

F

A

female

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30
Q

LA

A

left arm

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31
Q

R

A

race

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32
Q

T

A

temperature

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33
Q

Wt

A

weight

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34
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

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35
Q

FUO

A

fever of unknown origin

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36
Q

NAD

A

no appreciable disease

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37
Q

RA

A

right arm

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38
Q

VS

A

vital signs

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39
Q

RR

A

relative risk

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40
Q

wnl

A

within normal limits

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41
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

damage to facial nerve VII

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42
Q

Calor

A

heat

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43
Q

dolor

A

pain

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44
Q

macrocephaly

A

big head

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45
Q

myxedema

A

the most severe form of hypothyroidism. It is characterized by swelling of the hands, face, feet, and periorbital tissues and may lead to coma and death

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46
Q

tic

A

a habitual usually unconscious quirk of behavior or speech

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47
Q

vertex

A

top of the head

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48
Q

bruit

A

sound blood makes when rushing past an obstruction

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49
Q

crepitus

A

a crackling chest sound heard in pneumonia and other lung diseases
the grating sound of two ends of a broken bone rubbing together

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50
Q

goiter

A

enlargement of the thyroid gland

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51
Q

microcephaly

A

small head

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52
Q

rubor

A

redness

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53
Q

torticollis

A

stiff neck

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54
Q

zygomatic arch

A

cheek bone

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55
Q

dysmetria

A

lack of coordination mvmt

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56
Q

NCAT

A

normocephalic atraumatic

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57
Q

SCM

A

sternocleidomastoid

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58
Q

LAD

A

lymphadenopathy

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59
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

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60
Q

TMJ

A

temporomandibular joint

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61
Q

MMM

A

mucous membranes moist

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62
Q

ROMI

A

rule out MI

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63
Q

BMI

A

body mass index

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64
Q

aphthous ulcer

A

canker sore

open sore in the mouth

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65
Q

caries

A

decay

ex. bones/teeth

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66
Q

cheilitis

A

inflammation of the lips

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67
Q

eustachian tube

A

tube that links the nasopharynx to the middle ear

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68
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

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69
Q

interdental papilla

A

the gum tissue found in the space btwn the teeth

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70
Q

leukoplakia

A

patches on the tongue, in the mouth, or on the inside of the cheek that occur in response to long-term irritation

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71
Q

lingual papilla

A

taste buds

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72
Q

nares

A

nostrils

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73
Q

pinnae

A

outer ear

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74
Q

rhinorrhea

A

runny nose

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75
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth

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76
Q

tinnitus

A

hearing sounds in the ears when they aren’t there

ringing in the ears

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77
Q

vermilion border

A

normally sharp demarcation btwn the lip & the skin

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78
Q

buccal

A

cheek

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79
Q

cerumen

A

earwax

80
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

81
Q

Fordyce spots

A

tiny raised, pale, red, white or skin colored spots or bumps located on the lips of the face and genitalia of males and females

82
Q

glossitis

A

condition in which the tongue is swollen & changes color, often making the surface of the tongue appear smooth

83
Q

Koplik’s spots

A

prodromic viral enanthem of measles manifesting 2 days before the measles rash itself
clustered, white lesions on the buccal mucosa near each Stensen’s duct

84
Q

lingual fenulum

A

the vertical fold of mucous membrane under the tongue, attaching it to the floor of the mouth

85
Q

malocclusion

A

misalignment of teeth or incorrect relation between the teeth of the two dental arches

86
Q

naris

A

1 nostril

87
Q

plexus

A

branching network of axons outside of the central nervous system

88
Q

Stenson’s ducts

A

parotid duct

89
Q

thrush

A

yeast infection in mouth

small whitish eruptions on the mouth, throat & tongue, and usually accompanied by fever, colic, and diarrhea

90
Q

turbinates

A

nasal conchas

91
Q

Wharton’s ducts

A

submandibular duct

92
Q

AC

A

before meals

93
Q

AU

A

both ears

94
Q

TM

A

tympanic membrane

95
Q

AD

A

right ear

96
Q

BC

A

bone conduction

97
Q

URI

A

upper respiratory infection

98
Q

AS

A

aortic stenosis

99
Q

HOH

A

hard of hearing

100
Q

ANUG

A

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

101
Q

Amaurosis fugax

A

loss of vision in one eye due to a temporary lack of blood flow to the retina
may be sign of stroke

102
Q

Anisocoria

A

unequal pupil size

103
Q

Choroid

A

layer of blood vessels & connective tissue btwn the sclera & retina

104
Q

Diplopia

A

double vision

105
Q

Fovea

A

center most part of the macula

responsible for our central, sharpest vision

106
Q

Hyperopia

A

Farsightedness

can’t see up close

107
Q

Miosis

A

constriction of pupil

108
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsightedness

can’t see far

109
Q

Presbyopia

A

can’t focus eyes

110
Q

Ptosis

A

drooping of upper eyelid

111
Q

Sclera

A

white of the eye

112
Q

Strabismus

A

eyes don’t line up in the same direction

113
Q

Afferent pupillary defect

A

eyes don’t constrict normally

114
Q

Amblyopia

A

“lazy eye,” is the loss of one eye’s ability to see details

115
Q

Aqueous humor

A

fluid btwn the cornea & lens

116
Q

Diopter

A

unit of measurement of the optical power of a lens

117
Q

Lacrimal puntum

A

Opening to lacrimal duct

118
Q

Retina

A

light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the inner eye

119
Q

Scotoma

A

area of diminished vision in the visual field

120
Q

OD

A

R eye

121
Q

PERRLA

A

pupils equally round & reactive to light & accommodation

122
Q

C/D ratio

A

cup to disc ratio

123
Q

EOMI

A

extra-ocular mvmts intact

124
Q

OU

A

both eyes

125
Q

OS

A

L eye

126
Q

APD

A

afferent pupillary defect

127
Q

Biot’s respirations

A

groups of quick, shallow inspirations followed by regular or irregular periods of apnea

128
Q

Bronchophony

A

abnormal transmission of sounds from the lungs or bronchi

129
Q

Costal

A

relating to rib

130
Q

Empyema

A

collection of pus in the space between the lung & the pleural space

131
Q

Fremitus

A

palpable vibration on the body

132
Q

Kussmaul respirations

A

deep, rapid breathing

133
Q

orthopnea

A

difficulty breathing while laying down

134
Q

pneumothorax

A

lung collapse

135
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchi

136
Q

Consolidation

A

lung becomes engorged w/ fluid/tissue

137
Q

Costochondral

A

the rib & it’s cartilage

138
Q

emphysema

A

type of COPD

139
Q

Hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood

140
Q

Manubrium

A

upper part of the sternum

141
Q

pleura

A

membrane covering the lung

142
Q

Sternal angle

A

aka angle of louis

where manubrium meets sternum

143
Q

AP

A

anterior-posterior

144
Q

CXR

A

chest x-ray

145
Q

LUL

A

L upper lobe

146
Q

RML

A

right middle lobe

147
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

148
Q

LCTA

A

lungs clear to ascultation

149
Q

PE

A

pulmonary embolism

150
Q

RUL

A

R upper lobe

151
Q

CTA

A

clear to ascultation

152
Q

LLL

A

L lower lobe

153
Q

RLL

A

R lower lobe

154
Q

Dextrocardia

A

a condition in which the heart is pointed toward the right side of the chest

155
Q

Valsalva maneuver

A

Expiratory effort against a closed glottis, which increases pressure within the thoracic cavity and thereby impedes venous return of blood to the heart

156
Q

Brawny edema

A

change typical of chronic venous insufficiency, which is characterised by thickening, induration, liposclerosis and non-pitting oedema; the brawny color is due to hemosiderin from lysed RBCs; with chronic ischaemia, the skin undergoes atrophy, necrosis, and stasis ulceration, surrounded by a rim of dry, scaling, and pruritic skin

157
Q

Coarctation

A

narrowing of the aorta

158
Q

Homan’s sign

A

pain upon dorsiflexion of foot

sign of DVT

159
Q

Thrill

A

palpable bruit

160
Q

DP

A

dorsalis pedis

161
Q

PMI

A

point of maximum impulse

162
Q

POP

A

pain on palpation

163
Q

M/R/G

A

murmurs, rubs, gallops

164
Q

RRR

A

regular rate & rhythm

165
Q

Diastole

A
  1. Vent filling/relaxation
  2. AV valves open
  3. Atrial contraction
166
Q

Systole

A
  1. Vent contraction
  2. Pulmonary/aortic valves open
  3. Atrial filling/relaxation
167
Q

Inotropy

A

ability of the heart muscle to contract in response to preload

inc. inotropy = inc EF

168
Q

Aortic auscultation

A

2nd ICS

R sternal border

169
Q

Pulmonic auscultation

A

2nd ICS

L sternal border

170
Q

Erb’s point auscultation

A

3rd ICS

L sternal border

171
Q

Tricuspid auscultation

A

4-5th ICS

L sternal border

172
Q

Mitral auscultation

A

5th ICS

L mid-clavicular line

173
Q

Borborygmi

A

a rumbling or gurgling noise made by the movement of fluid and gas in the intestines

174
Q

Cullen’s sign

A

bruising around the umbilicus

Usually a sign of intraperitoneal hemorrhage

175
Q

Hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

176
Q

McBurney’s point

A

Point to feel appendix on estomago

177
Q

Striae

A

stretch marks

178
Q

Ballottement

A

Palpation of the abdominal wall while a kidney is being pushed sharply from the backside, used as a test for determining the presence of a floating kidney

179
Q

Colic

A

Severe abdominal pain caused by spasm, obstruction, or distention of any of the hollow viscera, such as the intestines.

180
Q

Hematochezia

A

bloody poop

181
Q

Lipoma

A

A benign tumor composed chiefly of fat cells

182
Q

Melena

A

Dark tarry poop

183
Q

Scaphoid

A

a condition in which the anterior abdominal wall is sunken and presents a concave rather than a convex contour

184
Q

Viscus

A

a single organ

185
Q

AAA

A

aortic abdominal aneurysm

186
Q

BS

A

bowel sounds

187
Q

ESRD

A

End stage renal disease

188
Q

G-tube

A

Gastrotomy tube

delivers nutrients into stomach

189
Q

J-tube

A

jejunostomy tube

delivers nutrients into jejunum

190
Q

RMCL

A

R middle clavicular line

191
Q

ABD

A

abdomen

192
Q

ESLD

A

End stage liver disease

193
Q

GERD

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

194
Q

HOB

A

Head of bed

195
Q

What is swelling of the optic disc a sign of?

A

papilledema

Physical Exam (6 decks)

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