Lecutre 2 Reverse Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Attention2. Memory3. Orientation4. Perceptions5. Thought process/content6. Insight7. Judgement8. Affect9. Mood10. Language11. Higher cognitive functions
A

Components of mental status

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2
Q
  1. Medically unexplained physical Sx2. High Sx count3. High severity of the complaint when organic causes are ruled out4. Chronic pain5. Recent stressor6. Difficult encounters7. Low self rating of health8. Frequent use of healthcare servicces9. Substance abuse10. Cognitive complaints of any sort
A

What triggers a MSE?

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3
Q

Mis-interpretation of real stimuli1. Grief2. PTSD3. Schizophrenia

A

Illusions & when are they seen?

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4
Q
  1. Date orientation - 5 pts2. Place orientation - 53. Register - 3 (Name objects & repeat)4. Serial 7’s - 5 (Count back from 7, WORLD)5. Recall - 3 (3 objects from register)6. Naming - 2 7. Repeating phrase - 18. Verbal commands - 3 9. Written commands - 1 10. Writing - 111. Drawing - 1
A

MMSE components

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5
Q

24 or higherDepends on age & education

A

What is a normal MMSE score?

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6
Q
  1. MSE2. CN3. Sensory4. DTR/Plantar response5. Cerebellar function6. Muscle strength7. Motor screening
A

What does a neuro exam test?

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7
Q

OlfactorySensory

A

CN I

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8
Q

OpticSensory - visual acuity & visual fields

A

CN II

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9
Q

OculomotorMotor - raise eyelids, most EOMParasympathetic - pupil constriction, lens shape

A

CN III

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10
Q

TrochlearMotor - downward, inward eye mvmt (SO)

A

CN IV

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11
Q

TrigeminalMotor - jaw opening & clenching, masticationSensory - 3 branches

A

CN V

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12
Q

AbducensMotor - lateral eye mvmt (LR)

A

CN VI

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13
Q

FacialMotor - facial expression muscles (except jaw), eye closure, mouth closureSensory - taste (ant. 2/3 tongue)Parasympathetic - Secretion of saliva & tears

A

CN VII

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14
Q

AcousticSensory - hearing & equilibrium

A

CN VIII

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15
Q

GlossopharyngealMotor - voluntary muscles for swallowing & pronationSensory - nasopharynx, gag reflex, taste (post. 2/3 tongue)Parasympathetic - secretion of saliva, carotid reflex

A

CN IX

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16
Q

VagusMotor - Voluntary muscles of phonation & swallowSensory - behind ear, part of external canalParasympathetic - secretion of digestive enzymes, peristalsis, carotid reflex, heart, lungs, digestive tract

A

CN X

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17
Q

Spinal AccessoryMotor - turn head, shoulder shrug, some phonation

A

CN XI

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18
Q

HypoglossalMotor - tongue mvmt for speech, sound articulation, swallowing

A

CN XII

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19
Q

Front & back of neck

A

Spinal nerve C3

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20
Q

thumb/C85th finger

A

Spinal nerve C6

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21
Q

nipple line

A

Spinal nerve T4

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22
Q

umbilicus

A

Spinal nerve T10

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23
Q

inguinal

A

Spinal nerve L1

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24
Q

Anogenital

A

Spinal nerve S2/3

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25
Q

Knee

A

Spinal nerve L4

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26
Q

Motor TractA - contralateral SxB - ipsilateral Sx

A

Lesions above & below corticospinal tract

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27
Q
    • babinski2. Inc. DTRs3. Muscular spasticity1. MS2. ALS
A

UMN lesions Sx & when are they seen

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28
Q
  1. Dec. DTRs2. Ipsilateral weakness3. Dec. or absent muscle tone1. Nerve transection2. Guillan-Barre3. Polio
A

LMN lesions Sx & when are they seen

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29
Q

Participate in reflex activity, regulation of position & autonomic function1. Spinothalamic2. Posterior Column

A

What are the sensory pathways?

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30
Q

Sensory pathwayCrosses in cord1. Pain2. Temp3. Crude touch

A

Spinothalamic tract

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31
Q

Sensory pathwayCrosses in the medulla1. Position2. Vibration3. Fine touchAll affected by diabetic neuropathy

A

Posterior Column tract

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32
Q
  1. Level of spinal lesion2. Electrolyte disturbances3. Endocrine disturbances4. UMN vs LMN disease
A

What do differences in reflexes indicate?

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33
Q

Delayed DTR

A

What kind of reflex does hypermagnesemia cause?

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34
Q

Biceps & Brachioradialis - C5&6Triceps - C6&7Patellar - L2,3&4Achilles - S1

A

DTR & Spinal nerves

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35
Q

0 - absent1+ - Hypoactive2+ - Normal3+ - Hyperactive4+ - Hyperactive w/ clonus

A

Grading DTRs

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36
Q
  1. Dysmetria2. Nystagmus3. Intention tremor4. Ataxia
A

What are cerebellar disease signs?

37
Q

0/5 - No muscle mvmt1/5 - Visible contraction but no joint mvmt2/5 - Mvmt at joint, but not against gravity3/5 - Mvmt against gravity, but not against resistance4/5 - Mvmt against resistance but less than normal5/5 - Normal strength

A

Grading Muscle Strength

38
Q

Rooting - 4 moPalmar grasp - 6 moMoro - 2 moPlantar - 1 yr Frontal Release signs

A

Primitive reflexes

39
Q

Tap on Parkinson’s Pts head & they don’t stop blinking

A

What is the Glabellar reflex?

40
Q

Pain when extending knee w/ leg in air Sign of meningeal irritation

A

What is Kernig’s sign?

41
Q

Move hips when flex head while laying downSign of meningeal irritation

A

What is Brudzinski’s sign?

42
Q
  1. Rigidity2. Bradykinesia3. Resting tremor4. Slow, shuffling gait w/ loss of arm swing5. Flexed body posture6. Excessive salvation7. Masked facies
A

Signs of Parkinson’s

43
Q
  1. Spastic weakness2. Hyperactive reflexes3. + Babinski4. Pronator drift
A

UMN signs

44
Q
  1. Flaccid weakness2. Hypoactive reflexes3. Muscle atrophy4. Fasciculations
A

LMN signs

45
Q
  1. Resting tremor, rigidity2. Postural deformity & instability3. Slow RAM
A

Extrapyrimidal signs

46
Q
  1. Intention tremor2. Ataxia3. Impaired RAM
A

Cerebellar signs (B1 deficiency)

47
Q

Serratus anteriorFrom long thoracic nerve May be caused by C7 entrapment from mastectomy Pts

A

What muscle is paralyzed with a winged scapula?

48
Q

SCM contraction1. Hematoma2. Tear3. Phenothiazines

A

Causes of torticollis

49
Q

T10-T12

A

Which vertebrae are most susceptible to compression Fx?

50
Q

Supraspinatous

A

Which rotator cuff muscle is most likely to be injured?

51
Q

Cross over test

A

How do you test for AC separation?

52
Q

Yergason test

A

How do you test for biceps tendonitis?

53
Q

Biceps & supinator

A

What muscles are involved in supination of forearm?

54
Q

Pronator teres

A

What muscles are involved in pronation of forearm?

55
Q

Pt stands on one leg & opposite hip should point down

A

What is the Trendelenburg test?

56
Q

0-3 Genu varum3-8 Genu valgus

A

Normal knee deviation ages

57
Q

Lachman test Flex knee 20-30 degresesDIsplace tibia anteriorly

A

How do you test for ACL tear

58
Q

ACL injury

A

NAME?

59
Q

PCL injury

A

NAME?

60
Q

Meniscal injury

A

NAME?

61
Q

Valgus - MCL Varus - LCL

A

Valgus vs. varus stress tests

62
Q

Pain w/ patellar grind test

A

Test for patellofemoral syndrome?

63
Q

Anterior tibiofibular ligament

A

Inversion of ankle causes which sprain?

64
Q

Ottawa Ankle rules1. Malleoli point tenderness2. Unable to WB

A

When do you get an ankle Xray?

65
Q

Grab gastrocnemius & soleus Foot should plantar flex if achilles intact

A

What is the Thompson test?

66
Q

Kids - autoimmune & hereditaryPatchy hair loss w/o scarring

A

Who gets alopecia areata?

67
Q

Telogen effluvium

A

What is the MCC of hair loss in women?

68
Q

iron deficiency anemia? Spoon shaped nails

A

What causes koilonychia?

69
Q

White lines on nailsAfter serious systemic illness

A

What causes leukonychia?

70
Q

Psoriasis & atopic dermatitis

A

What causes pitted nails?

71
Q

Separation of nail plate from nail bed

A

What is onycholysis?

72
Q

Fungal infection of nailTineal ungium

A

What is onychomycosis?

73
Q

Infection of nailStaph most common

A

What is paronychia?

74
Q

Single band along fingernail = cancer

A

What is melanonychia?

75
Q

40

A

When should you start doing routine digital rectal exams?

76
Q

ProstateStaged via Gleeson score Prevalence assoc. w/ ageassoc. w/ BRCA2 gene Biopsy cut point >4 Start at age 50

A

What is the most common male cancer?

77
Q

< 35 GC/chlymidia >40 GRE - enterobacteraciae Dysuria, pelvic & rectal pain, fever

A

Acute prostatitis

78
Q

40 & yearly

A

When do you do mammograms?

79
Q

20 then q3y40 every year

A

When do you do clinical breast exams?

80
Q

Ulnar

A

Which nerve does finger spread test?

81
Q

CN V

A

Which nerve does the corneal reflex test?

82
Q

CN IX & X

A

Which nerves does the gag reflex test?

83
Q

I
II
VIII

(1,2,8)

A

Sensory ONLY Cranial nerves?

84
Q

VII
IX
X

(7,9,10)

A

Motor, Sensory & Parasympathetic Cranial nerves?

85
Q

IV
VI
XI
XII

(4,6,11,12)

A

Motor ONLY Cranial nerves?

86
Q

IX
X
XII

(9,10,12)

A

Cranial nerves involved in swallowing?

87
Q

T8-12

A

Nerves involved in abdominal reflex?

88
Q

Extensor

A

Which surfaces does psoriasis usually appear on?

89
Q

Flexor

A

Which surfaces does atopic dermatitis usually appear on?