Terms

Question 1

Phoneme

Answer 1

The smallest part of spoken language that makes a difference in the meaning of words.

Question 2

Phoneme Example

Answer 2

/K/ in kit, scat, skit, cat

Question 3

Grapheme

Answer 3

The smallest part of written language that represents a phoneme in the spelling of a word.
A way of writing down a phoneme.

Question 4

Grapheme Example

Answer 4

/n/ /igh/ /t/

Question 5

Phonics

Answer 5

The connection between phonemes and graphemes.

Question 6

Phonemic Awareness

Answer 6

The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words.
This is an auditory skill (“lights out”) and does NOT involve a connection to written language

Question 7

Syllable

Answer 7

A word part that contains a vowel, or, in spoken language, a vowel sound.

Question 8

Onset and Rime

Answer 8

Parts of spoken language that are smaller than syllables but larger than phonemes.
Used to help children learn about word families.

Question 9

Onset

Answer 9

The initial phonological unit of any word.

Question 10

Rime

Answer 10

The part of the syllable that contains the vowel and all that follows it.

Question 11

Onset and Rime Example

Answer 11

STEP
ST = onset
EP = rime

Question 12

Alphabetic Principle

Answer 12

Speech sounds that are represented by letters and letter pairs

Question 13

Alphabetic Principle Example

Answer 13

A child understands that the letter “m” makes the /mmm/ sound.

Question 14

Environmental Print

Answer 14

Print found authentically in our environment.

Question 15

Environmental Print Examples

Answer 15

Traffic signs, labels on foods, etc.

Question 16

Emergent Literacy

Answer 16

A child’s knowledge or reading and writing skills before they learn how to read and write words.

Question 17

Emergent Literacy Examples

Answer 17

Oral language, having books read to you, scribbling, etc.

Question 18

Book Handling Skills

Answer 18

A child’s knowledge of how a book “works”

Question 19

Book Handling Skills Examples

Answer 19

How to hold a book, tracking from left to right, front and back cover, etc.

Question 20

Morpheme

Answer 20

Any unit in a word that carries meaning

Sometimes can not stand alone.

Question 21

Morpheme Example

Answer 21

RATTLESNAKES
“Rattle”
“Snake”
“-s”

Question 22

Base Word

Answer 22

Usually a simple word from which you can build a family of words around it

Question 23

Base Word Example

Answer 23

JUMP
“Jumps”
“Jumping”
“Jumped”

Question 24

Root Word

Answer 24

Refers to the origin of the word and has no prefix or suffix.

Question 25

Prefix

Answer 25

A morpheme added to the beginning of the word

Question 26

Suffix

Answer 26

A morpheme added to the end of the word

Question 27

Affix

Answer 27

Prefixes and suffixes

Question 28

Homograph

Answer 28

Two or more words spelled the same but have different meanings and origins.
May also be pronounced differently.

Question 29

Homograph Example

Answer 29

“Lead”

• To guide the way for others
• The metal

Question 30

Homonym

Answer 30

Two or more words that have the same pronunciations but different meanings, origins, or spellings.

Question 31

Homonym Example

Answer 31

“to”, “two”, “too”

Question 32

Homophone

Answer 32

Two or more words with the same pronunciation but different spellings and meanings

Question 33

Homophone Example

Answer 33

“new” and “knew”

Question 34

Oral Vocabulary

Answer 34

The vocabulary one can use appropriately in speech and can understand when heard aloud

Question 35

Written Vocabulary

Answer 35

The words one can understanding in written form

Question 36

Semantic Mapping

Answer 36

A strategy that visually displays the relationship among words and helps to categorize them

Question 37

Assessment of emergent literacy print concepts

Answer 37

• Book orientation knowledge
• Understanding of principles involving the directional arrangement of print on the page
• The knowledge that print, not pictures, contains the story
• Understanding the important reading terminology such as “word”, “letter”, “beginning of sentence” and “top of page”
• Understanding of simple punctuation marks

Question 38

Synthetic Phonics

Answer 38

• Part-to-whole in which the students learns the sounds represented by letters and letter combinations, blends these sounds to pronounce words, and finally identifies which phonics generalizations apply
• Development of phonemic awareness from the outset- the reader learns 44 phonemes and their related graphemes.