Brief Overview: How Reading Develops

Question 1

Foundational Skills

Answer 1

• Oral language
• Phonological awareness (specifically phonemic awareness)
• Emergent literacy
• Concepts of print
• Letter identification
• Alphabetic principle
• Word identification:
  - Phonics
  - Word analysis
  - Sight words
  - Use of context clues

Question 2

Comprehension and Fluency

Answer 2

• Literal comprehension
• Inferential comprehension
• Analysis of text
• Fluency:
  
  • Sufficient rate
  • Phrasing

Question 3

Common Barriers

Answer 3

• Schema/background knowledge
• Vocabulary knowledge
• Metacognition (self-monitoring abilities)