Terms Flashcards
1
Q
Insulin
A
A hormone secreted by the beta cells in the pancreas
2
Q
Hormones
A
Used to communicate between organs and tissues for physiological regulation and behavioral activities.
3
Q
ABC mnemonic
A
Airway (head tilt)
Breathing
Circulation
4
Q
Normal breaths per minute
A
Between 12 and 20
5
Q
Normal Heart Rate In beats per min
A
60-80
6
Q
Cyanosis
A
Bluish or grayish color of the skin, nails, lips, or around the eyes
Possible causes: cold exposure, jewelry, tight clothes
7
Q
Hypoxia
A
An absence of enough oxygen in the tissues to sustain bodily functions.
8
Q
Rapid Exam is a foucsed assessment of specific life-threatening injuries. DCAP-BTLS Mnemonic
A
Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures, Burns, Tenderness, Lacerations, Swelling
9
Q
Congestive Heart Failure
A
Is when the ventricular heart muscle is permanently damaged and can no longer keep up with the return of the blood from the atria. The body attempts to maintain cardiac output by increasing heart rate and/or enlarging the left ventricle.
10
Q
Atrium
A
each of the two upper cavities of the heart from which blood is passed to the ventricles. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the veins of the body; the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein.
11
Q
Ventricle
A
a hollow part or cavity in an organ, in particular.
12
Q
Pulmonary
A
Relating to the lungs
13
Q
Dyspnea
A
Difficult or labored breathing
14
Q
Femoral Artery
A
Name of the major blood vessel located in the upper leg that transports oxygen-rich blood to the lower extremities
15
Q
Carries oxygen-poor blood from the legs to the heart
A
Femoral vein
16
Q
Brachial artery
A
located in the upper arm and carries oxygen-rich blood to the distal arm
17
Q
Located in the upper arm and carries oxygen-poor blood to the heart
A
Brachial vein
18
Q
Early signs of shock
A
Restlessness, agitation, anxiety.
19
Q
Shock
A
An acute widespread reduction in effective tissue perfusion leading to hypoxia
20
Q
Most dangerous type of fracture
A
Pelvic fracture; Often the result of direct compression in the form of a heavy blow that crushes the pelvis. Often no visible signs of bleeding until severe blood loss has occurred. Tenderness is the most reliable sign. Stabilization using a backboard or scoop board is appropriate.
21
Q
Hematoma
A
is a localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries
22
Q
Blood vessel
A
a tubular structure carrying blood through the tissues and organs; a vein, artery, or capillary.
23
Q
Capillary
A
any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.
24
Q
Hyperglycemia
A
High Blood Sugar
25
Hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar
26
Myocardial Infarction
Another name for heart attack. Occurs when one of the heart's coronary arteries is blocked or has extremely slow blood flow.
27
Aspirin
A fever, pain, and inflammation reducer as well as an inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Commonly used for cardiac patients with chest pain.
28
Contraindication
a condition or factor that serves as a reason to withhold a certain medical treatment due to the harm that it would cause the patient.
29
platelet
a small colorless disk-shaped cell fragment without a nucleus, found in large numbers in blood and involved in clotting.
30
Febrile Seizure
Having or showing symptoms of a fever.
31
Congenital
(especially of a disease or physical abnormality) present from birth.
32
Apneic
suspension of breathing
33
Angina pectoris
Cardiac chest pain. Occurs when the demand for oxygen from the heart exceeds the supply. Often a warning sign for a myocardial infarction in the future.
34
Contusion (bruise)
Blood or bleeding under the skin that may or may not be due to trauma; typically black and blue at first, with color changes as healing progresses.
35
Abrasion
a wound caused by superficial damage to the skin, no deeper than the epidermis.
36
Laceration
a deep cut or tear in skin or flesh. (Cut or gash)
37
Blood
Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.
38
Evisceration
An open abdominal injury in which organs protrude from the peritoneum. Only perform a visual assessment. It should be covered with a sterile dressing moistened with a sterile saline solution.
39
Benzodiazepine (Valium, Diastat, Diazepam Intensol)
It can treat anxiety, muscle spasms, and seizures.
Can cause paranoid or suicidal ideation and impair memory, judgment, and coordination. Combining with other substances, particularly alcohol, can slow breathing and possibly lead to death.
40
Nuchal cord
Umbilical cord wrapped around the baby’s neck on delivery. —— should be clamped two inches apart and cut.
41
Hypo
| Hyper
Under
| Over
42
Edema
Medical term for swelling. Edema occurs when your small blood vessels leak fluid into nearby tissues.
43
Avulsion
Is an open injury that separates various layers of soft tissue, typically between the subcutaneous layer and the fascia.
44
Aneurism
An aneurysm occurs when an artery's wall weakens and causes an abnormally large bulge. This bulge can rupture and cause internal bleeding. Although an aneurysm can occur in any part of your body, they're most common in the brain.
45
Ulcer
A sore that develops on the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine.
46
tachynpea (tack yp ne a)
abnormally rapid breathing
47
Supine position
laying horizontally, face and torso facing up
48
Prone position
laying horizontally, face and torso facing down
49
Fowler position
Patient is seated in a semi-upright position (45-60 degrees) with knees either bent or straight.
50
Scenario: Trauma, opening an airway in a prehospital setting.
Jaw-thrust maneuver
51
Head-tilt / Chin-lift maneuver
The head-tilt/chin-lift is a procedure used to prevent the tongue obstructing the upper airways. The maneuver is performed by tilting the head backwards in unconscious patients, often by applying pressure to the forehead and the chin
52
Jaw-thrust maneuver
The jaw thrust maneuver is a technique used on patients with a suspected spinal injury and is used on a supine patient who has their tongue obstructing their airway. The maneuver is performed by placing the index and middle fingers to physically push the posterior aspects of the mandible upwards while their thumbs push down on the chin to open the mouth
53
Common symptoms of congestive heart failure
Pulmonary and peripheral edema, finding it easier to breathe while sitting up, distended neck veins, hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea, retractions, cyanosis, diaphoresis, crackles on auscultation
54
Four types of burns
Thermal, chemical, electrical, radiation
55
Nitroglycerin
Is a vasodilator (widening of blood vessels); it acts by relaxing the muscle of the blood vessel walls, dilating coronary arteries, which subsequently increases blood flow / oxygen supply to heart muscles and decreases the workload of the heart. Common reaction to Nitroglycerin is a headache.
56
Dilate
Make or become wider, larger, or more open
57
Nasal cannula
Commonly delivers between 24% and 44% oxygen and has a flow rate range of one to six liters per minute.
58
Nonrebreather mask
The mask with a reservoir with supplemental oxygen at at a flow rate of 15 liters per minute can can deliver oxygen up to 95%
59
Pleural Effusion
Collection of fluids around the lungs
60
Tachycardia
An abnormally rapid heart rate
61
Five stages of grieving process
Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance
62
Tachypnea
Abnormally rapid breathing.
63
Diaphoresis
Sweating, especially to an unusual degree as a symptom of disease or a side effect of a drug
64
Hypotension
Abnormally low blood pressure
65
Hypertension
Abnormally high blood pressure.
66
Respirations
```
0 to 12 months: 30-60 Breaths per min
1-3 Year: 24 - 40 Breaths per min
4-5 Years: 22 - 34 Breaths per min
6-12 Years: 18 - 30 Breaths per min
13-18 Years: 12 - 18 Breaths per min
18+: 12-20 Breaths per min
```
67
Bradypnea
Bradypnea is an abnormally slow breathing rate
68
Sedation
calm, dignified, and unhurried.
a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement. They are central nervous depressants and interact with brain activity causing its deceleration
69
Opioid overdose symptoms
Include: respiratory failure, slow breathing, small pupils, unresponsiveness, or blue skin from poor circulation
70
Naloxone
A medication designed to rapidly reverse opioid overdose
71
Hypothermia
A medical emergency that occurs when your body loses heat faster than it can produce heat, causing a dangerously low body temperature
72
Lethargy
A lack of energy and enthusiasm.
73
Bradycardia
Abnormally low heart rate
74
Acute coronary syndrome
Any condition brought on by a sudden reduction or blockage of blood flow to the heart. Most often caused by plaque rupture or clot formation in the heart's arteries.
75
Diaphoresis
Sweating, especially to an unusual degree as a symptom of disease or a side effect of a drug.
76
Syncope
Temporary loss of consciousness caused by a fall in blood pressure.
77
Apneic
Suspension of breathing.
78
Hypersomnolence
Is characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive daytime sleepiness or prolonged nighttime sleep.
79
Urticaria
A rash of round, red welts on the skin that itch intensely, sometimes with dangerous swelling, caused by an allergic reaction, typically to specific foods.
80
Anaphylaxis
An acute allergic reaction to an antigen (e.g., a bee sting) to which the body has become hypersensitive.
severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.
81
AEIOU-TIPS
A mnemonic acronym used by some medical professionals to recall the possible causes for altered mental status
A — Alcohol/Acidosis
E — Endocrine/Epilepsy/Electrolytes/Encephalopathy
I — Infection- meningitis, encephalitis, sepsis, septic shock; pneumonia, urinary tract infection, occult osteomyelitis.
O — Opiates, Overdose
U — Uremia/Underdose
T — Trauma - head injury, blood loss (shock).
I — Insulin
P — Poisoning/Psychosis/pharmacology
S — Stroke/Seizure/syncope
82
Hyperthermia
The condition of having a body temperature greatly above normal.
83
Preeclampsia
A potentially dangerous pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure.
84
Ataxic respirations
An abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by complete irregularity of breathing, with irregular pauses and increasing periods of apnea. As the breathing pattern deteriorates, it merges with agonal respirations.
85
Stridor
A harsh vibrating noise when breathing, caused by obstruction of the windpipe or larynx.
86
Kussmaul respirations
a deep and labored breathing pattern often associated with severe metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) but also kidney failure.
87
Wheezing
(of a person) breathe with a whistling or rattling sound in the chest, as a result of obstruction in the air passages.
88
When respiration assessment should be restarted
Coughs, talks, yawns, or sighs
89
Hemorrhage
an escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel, typically a large amount of bleeding in a short time.
90
Decompensated shock effects
```
Falling blood pressure (systolic of 90 mm Hg or lower with adults)
Tachycardia and tachypnea
Low urine output
Labored and irregular breathing
Weak, thready or absent peripheral pulses
Ashy or cyanotic pallor
Reduced body temperature
Decreased mental status
Dilated pupils
```
91
Compensated shock symptoms
```
Agitation, restlessness and anxiety.
Altered mental status.
Tachycardia or tachypnea.
Change in pallor, cyanosis around the lips, or clammy skin.
Nausea or vomiting.
Thirst.
Weak, thready or absent pulse.
Narrowing pulse pressure.
```
92
Copd chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe.
93
Pneumonia
Infection that inflames air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid.
94
Emphysema
A condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness.
95
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the lining of bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs.
96
Tension Pneumothorax
Is the progressive build-up of air within the pleural space, usually due to a lung laceration which allows air to escape into the pleural space but not to return. Positive pressure ventilation may exacerbate this 'one-way-valve' effect.
97
RICE mnemonic, soft tissue injury
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
The aim is to manage discomfort and internal bleeding
98
Inflammation
A localized physical condition in which part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful, especially as a reaction to injury or infection.
99
Acidosis
A condition in which too much acid accumulates in the body.
Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, fast breathing, and lethargy.
Treatment depends on the cause. Sodium bicarbonate can reduce the acidity of blood.
100
Anatomy
The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts
101
Physiology
The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts
102
Dependent lividity
When blood settles at the lowest part of the body. It is a definite sign of death.
103
Pacemakers
Regulate heart rate, can be placed in abdomen for thin patients. Typically found in the non dominant side of the chest
104
Hypo and hyper volemia
A condition when the liquid portion of the blood (plasma) is either too low or high
105
Ventricular fibrillation
Fix
106
Ventricular tachycardia
Fix
