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Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Insulin

A

A hormone secreted by the beta cells in the pancreas

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2
Q

Hormones

A

Used to communicate between organs and tissues for physiological regulation and behavioral activities.

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3
Q

ABC mnemonic

A

Airway (head tilt)
Breathing
Circulation

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4
Q

Normal breaths per minute

A

Between 12 and 20

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5
Q

Normal Heart Rate In beats per min

A

60-80

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6
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish or grayish color of the skin, nails, lips, or around the eyes

Possible causes: cold exposure, jewelry, tight clothes

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7
Q

Hypoxia

A

An absence of enough oxygen in the tissues to sustain bodily functions.

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8
Q

Rapid Exam is a foucsed assessment of specific life-threatening injuries. DCAP-BTLS Mnemonic

A

Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures, Burns, Tenderness, Lacerations, Swelling

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9
Q

Congestive Heart Failure

A

Is when the ventricular heart muscle is permanently damaged and can no longer keep up with the return of the blood from the atria. The body attempts to maintain cardiac output by increasing heart rate and/or enlarging the left ventricle.

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10
Q

Atrium

A

each of the two upper cavities of the heart from which blood is passed to the ventricles. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the veins of the body; the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein.

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11
Q

Ventricle

A

a hollow part or cavity in an organ, in particular.

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12
Q

Pulmonary

A

Relating to the lungs

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13
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult or labored breathing

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14
Q

Femoral Artery

A

Name of the major blood vessel located in the upper leg that transports oxygen-rich blood to the lower extremities

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15
Q

Carries oxygen-poor blood from the legs to the heart

A

Femoral vein

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16
Q

Brachial artery

A

located in the upper arm and carries oxygen-rich blood to the distal arm

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17
Q

Located in the upper arm and carries oxygen-poor blood to the heart

A

Brachial vein

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18
Q

Early signs of shock

A

Restlessness, agitation, anxiety.

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19
Q

Shock

A

An acute widespread reduction in effective tissue perfusion leading to hypoxia

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20
Q

Most dangerous type of fracture

A

Pelvic fracture; Often the result of direct compression in the form of a heavy blow that crushes the pelvis. Often no visible signs of bleeding until severe blood loss has occurred. Tenderness is the most reliable sign. Stabilization using a backboard or scoop board is appropriate.

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21
Q

Hematoma

A

is a localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries

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22
Q

Blood vessel

A

a tubular structure carrying blood through the tissues and organs; a vein, artery, or capillary.

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23
Q

Capillary

A

any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.

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24
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

High Blood Sugar

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25
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Low blood sugar

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26
Q

Myocardial Infarction

A

Another name for heart attack. Occurs when one of the heart’s coronary arteries is blocked or has extremely slow blood flow.

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27
Q

Aspirin

A

A fever, pain, and inflammation reducer as well as an inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Commonly used for cardiac patients with chest pain.

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28
Q

Contraindication

A

a condition or factor that serves as a reason to withhold a certain medical treatment due to the harm that it would cause the patient.

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29
Q

platelet

A

a small colorless disk-shaped cell fragment without a nucleus, found in large numbers in blood and involved in clotting.

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30
Q

Febrile Seizure

A

Having or showing symptoms of a fever.

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31
Q

Congenital

A

(especially of a disease or physical abnormality) present from birth.

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32
Q

Apneic

A

suspension of breathing

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33
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Cardiac chest pain. Occurs when the demand for oxygen from the heart exceeds the supply. Often a warning sign for a myocardial infarction in the future.

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34
Q

Contusion (bruise)

A

Blood or bleeding under the skin that may or may not be due to trauma; typically black and blue at first, with color changes as healing progresses.

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35
Q

Abrasion

A

a wound caused by superficial damage to the skin, no deeper than the epidermis.

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36
Q

Laceration

A

a deep cut or tear in skin or flesh. (Cut or gash)

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37
Q

Blood

A

Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.

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38
Q

Evisceration

A

An open abdominal injury in which organs protrude from the peritoneum. Only perform a visual assessment. It should be covered with a sterile dressing moistened with a sterile saline solution.

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39
Q

Benzodiazepine (Valium, Diastat, Diazepam Intensol)

A

It can treat anxiety, muscle spasms, and seizures.

Can cause paranoid or suicidal ideation and impair memory, judgment, and coordination. Combining with other substances, particularly alcohol, can slow breathing and possibly lead to death.

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40
Q

Nuchal cord

A

Umbilical cord wrapped around the baby’s neck on delivery. —— should be clamped two inches apart and cut.

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41
Q

Hypo

Hyper

A

Under

Over

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42
Q

Edema

A

Medical term for swelling. Edema occurs when your small blood vessels leak fluid into nearby tissues.

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43
Q

Avulsion

A

Is an open injury that separates various layers of soft tissue, typically between the subcutaneous layer and the fascia.

44
Q

Aneurism

A

An aneurysm occurs when an artery’s wall weakens and causes an abnormally large bulge. This bulge can rupture and cause internal bleeding. Although an aneurysm can occur in any part of your body, they’re most common in the brain.

45
Q

Ulcer

A

A sore that develops on the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine.

46
Q

tachynpea (tack yp ne a)

A

abnormally rapid breathing

47
Q

Supine position

A

laying horizontally, face and torso facing up

48
Q

Prone position

A

laying horizontally, face and torso facing down

49
Q

Fowler position

A

Patient is seated in a semi-upright position (45-60 degrees) with knees either bent or straight.

50
Q

Scenario: Trauma, opening an airway in a prehospital setting.

A

Jaw-thrust maneuver

51
Q

Head-tilt / Chin-lift maneuver

A

The head-tilt/chin-lift is a procedure used to prevent the tongue obstructing the upper airways. The maneuver is performed by tilting the head backwards in unconscious patients, often by applying pressure to the forehead and the chin

52
Q

Jaw-thrust maneuver

A

The jaw thrust maneuver is a technique used on patients with a suspected spinal injury and is used on a supine patient who has their tongue obstructing their airway. The maneuver is performed by placing the index and middle fingers to physically push the posterior aspects of the mandible upwards while their thumbs push down on the chin to open the mouth

53
Q

Common symptoms of congestive heart failure

A

Pulmonary and peripheral edema, finding it easier to breathe while sitting up, distended neck veins, hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea, retractions, cyanosis, diaphoresis, crackles on auscultation

54
Q

Four types of burns

A

Thermal, chemical, electrical, radiation

55
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Is a vasodilator (widening of blood vessels); it acts by relaxing the muscle of the blood vessel walls, dilating coronary arteries, which subsequently increases blood flow / oxygen supply to heart muscles and decreases the workload of the heart. Common reaction to Nitroglycerin is a headache.

56
Q

Dilate

A

Make or become wider, larger, or more open

57
Q

Nasal cannula

A

Commonly delivers between 24% and 44% oxygen and has a flow rate range of one to six liters per minute.

58
Q

Nonrebreather mask

A

The mask with a reservoir with supplemental oxygen at at a flow rate of 15 liters per minute can can deliver oxygen up to 95%

59
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

Collection of fluids around the lungs

60
Q

Tachycardia

A

An abnormally rapid heart rate

61
Q

Five stages of grieving process

A

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance

62
Q

Tachypnea

A

Abnormally rapid breathing.

63
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Sweating, especially to an unusual degree as a symptom of disease or a side effect of a drug

64
Q

Hypotension

A

Abnormally low blood pressure

65
Q

Hypertension

A

Abnormally high blood pressure.

66
Q

Respirations

A 
0 to 12 months: 30-60 Breaths per min
1-3 Year: 24 - 40 Breaths per min
4-5 Years: 22 - 34 Breaths per min
6-12 Years: 18 - 30 Breaths per min
13-18 Years: 12 - 18 Breaths per min
18+: 12-20 Breaths per min
67
Q

Bradypnea

A

Bradypnea is an abnormally slow breathing rate

68
Q

Sedation

A

calm, dignified, and unhurried.

a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement. They are central nervous depressants and interact with brain activity causing its deceleration

69
Q

Opioid overdose symptoms

A

Include: respiratory failure, slow breathing, small pupils, unresponsiveness, or blue skin from poor circulation

70
Q

Naloxone

A

A medication designed to rapidly reverse opioid overdose

71
Q

Hypothermia

A

A medical emergency that occurs when your body loses heat faster than it can produce heat, causing a dangerously low body temperature

72
Q

Lethargy

A

A lack of energy and enthusiasm.

73
Q

Bradycardia

A

Abnormally low heart rate

74
Q

Acute coronary syndrome

A

Any condition brought on by a sudden reduction or blockage of blood flow to the heart. Most often caused by plaque rupture or clot formation in the heart’s arteries.

75
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Sweating, especially to an unusual degree as a symptom of disease or a side effect of a drug.

76
Q

Syncope

A

Temporary loss of consciousness caused by a fall in blood pressure.

77
Q

Apneic

A

Suspension of breathing.

78
Q

Hypersomnolence

A

Is characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive daytime sleepiness or prolonged nighttime sleep.

79
Q

Urticaria

A

A rash of round, red welts on the skin that itch intensely, sometimes with dangerous swelling, caused by an allergic reaction, typically to specific foods.

80
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

An acute allergic reaction to an antigen (e.g., a bee sting) to which the body has become hypersensitive.

severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.

81
Q

AEIOU-TIPS

A

A mnemonic acronym used by some medical professionals to recall the possible causes for altered mental status

A — Alcohol/Acidosis
E — Endocrine/Epilepsy/Electrolytes/Encephalopathy
I — Infection- meningitis, encephalitis, sepsis, septic shock; pneumonia, urinary tract infection, occult osteomyelitis.
O — Opiates, Overdose
U — Uremia/Underdose
T — Trauma - head injury, blood loss (shock).
I — Insulin
P — Poisoning/Psychosis/pharmacology
S — Stroke/Seizure/syncope
82
Q

Hyperthermia

A

The condition of having a body temperature greatly above normal.

83
Q

Preeclampsia

A

A potentially dangerous pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure.

84
Q

Ataxic respirations

A

An abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by complete irregularity of breathing, with irregular pauses and increasing periods of apnea. As the breathing pattern deteriorates, it merges with agonal respirations.

85
Q

Stridor

A

A harsh vibrating noise when breathing, caused by obstruction of the windpipe or larynx.

86
Q

Kussmaul respirations

A

a deep and labored breathing pattern often associated with severe metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) but also kidney failure.

87
Q

Wheezing

A

(of a person) breathe with a whistling or rattling sound in the chest, as a result of obstruction in the air passages.

88
Q

When respiration assessment should be restarted

A

Coughs, talks, yawns, or sighs

89
Q

Hemorrhage

A

an escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel, typically a large amount of bleeding in a short time.

90
Q

Decompensated shock effects

A 
Falling blood pressure (systolic of 90 mm Hg or lower with adults)
Tachycardia and tachypnea
Low urine output
Labored and irregular breathing
Weak, thready or absent peripheral pulses
Ashy or cyanotic pallor
Reduced body temperature
Decreased mental status
Dilated pupils
91
Q

Compensated shock symptoms

A 
Agitation, restlessness and anxiety.
Altered mental status.
Tachycardia or tachypnea.
Change in pallor, cyanosis around the lips, or clammy skin.
Nausea or vomiting.
Thirst.
Weak, thready or absent pulse.
Narrowing pulse pressure.
92
Q

Copd chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe.

93
Q

Pneumonia

A

Infection that inflames air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid.

94
Q

Emphysema

A

A condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness.

95
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of the lining of bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs.

96
Q

Tension Pneumothorax

A

Is the progressive build-up of air within the pleural space, usually due to a lung laceration which allows air to escape into the pleural space but not to return. Positive pressure ventilation may exacerbate this ‘one-way-valve’ effect.

97
Q

RICE mnemonic, soft tissue injury

A

Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation

The aim is to manage discomfort and internal bleeding

98
Q

Inflammation

A

A localized physical condition in which part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful, especially as a reaction to injury or infection.

99
Q

Acidosis

A

A condition in which too much acid accumulates in the body.

Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, fast breathing, and lethargy.
Treatment depends on the cause. Sodium bicarbonate can reduce the acidity of blood.

100
Q

Anatomy

A

The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts

101
Q

Physiology

A

The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts

102
Q

Dependent lividity

A

When blood settles at the lowest part of the body. It is a definite sign of death.

103
Q

Pacemakers

A

Regulate heart rate, can be placed in abdomen for thin patients. Typically found in the non dominant side of the chest

104
Q

Hypo and hyper volemia

A

A condition when the liquid portion of the blood (plasma) is either too low or high

105
Q

Ventricular fibrillation

A

Fix

106
Q

Ventricular tachycardia

A

Fix

EMT (7 decks)

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